Intraspecific Variation in the rDNA Its Loci of 37-Collar-Spined Echinostomes from North America: Implications for Sequence-Based Diagnoses and Phylogenetics

1998 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 992 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Sorensen ◽  
J. Curtis ◽  
D. J. Minchella
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Rdna Its

scholarly journals Intraspecific Variation in a Scorpionfly Newly Recorded from Texas and the State of Taxonomy of North American Panorpidae (Mecoptera)

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Joshua R. Jones
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
North American ◽  
Original Description ◽  
The State ◽  
Taxonomic Review ◽  
Intraspecific Variations ◽  
First Time

Panorpa vernalisByers is recorded for the first time from Texas, and represents only the second species ofPanorpadocumented from the state. Intraspecific variations between the Texas specimens and Byers' original description are discussed. A synopsis of the principal modern keys for identification of North AmericanPanorpais provided, and an argument for a modern taxonomic review of the Panorpidae of North America is presented.

scholarly journals Sawadaea tulasnei Powdery Mildew of Norway Maple (Acer platanoides) in North America

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 830-830
Author(s):  
J. Weiland ◽  
G. Stanosz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
North America ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rdna Its ◽  
Maple Leaves ◽  
Norway Maple ◽  
Genus 2

Norway maple leaves bearing powdery mildew were collected from one location in the fall of 2003 and four locations (as much as 1.5 km apart) in the fall of 2005 in Buffalo, NY. No powdery mildew was observed on leaves collected from sugar maples (Acer saccharum) that were present in the vicinity of affected Norway maples at two locations. Trees were located along streets and in yards. Diseased leaves were present throughout tree crowns but lower leaves were more commonly affected. White mycelium was present in irregular, discrete, scattered spots only on the upper surface of leaves and on both sides of wings of samaras. Typically, <10% of the upper leaf area bore visible mycelium. Cleistothecia were present singly or in groups on the mycelium. Morphology of cleistothecia on leaves collected each year, including simple and bifid appendages with uncinate to circinate apices, was sufficient to identify the pathogen to the genus Sawadaea (1). Other characteristics were not sufficiently distinct to make an identification of S. bicornis or S. tulasnei (1), each a European species found on Acer spp. However, a sample from 2003 was supplied by the authors for use in a study of phylogeny of the genus (2) that served as a first report of the species in the United States. Analysis of nuclear rDNA ITS sequence of this specimen (GenBank Accession No. AB193390) placed the sample in a clade with S. tulasnei specimens from Europe. In the same study, powdery mildew samples from Acer spp. in Ohio and Montreal, Canada also were placed in this clade. Thus, occurrence of S. tulasnei in North America is confirmed. S. bicornis was recently identified (based on morphology) on Norway maple in the western United States (3). Specimens from Buffalo, NY have been deposited in the U.S. National Fungus Collections (BPI 871210). References: (1) U. Braun. The Powdery Mildews (Erysiphales) of Europe. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena-Stuttgart-New York, 1995. (2) S. Hirose et al. Mycol. Res. 109:912, 2005. (3) C. Nischwitz and G. Newcombe. Plant Dis. 87:451, 2003.

scholarly journals Intraspecific variation in indirect plant-soil feedbacks as a driver of a wetland plant invasion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warwick J. Allen ◽  
Laura A. Meyerson ◽  
Andrew J. Flick ◽  
James T. Cronin
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Soil Biota ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Soil Legacy

ABSTRACTPlant-soil feedbacks (PSFs) can influence plant competition via direct interactions with pathogens and mutualists or indirectly via apparent competition/mutualisms (i.e., spillover to cooccurring plants) and soil legacy effects. Presently, it is unknown how intraspecific variation in PSFs interacts with the environment (e.g., nutrient availability) to influence competition between native and invasive plants. We conducted a fully crossed multi-factor greenhouse experiment to determine the effects of soil biota, interspecific competition, and nutrient availability on biomass of replicate populations from one native and two invasive lineages of common reed (Phragmites australis) and a single lineage of native smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora). Harmful soil biota consistently dominated PSFs involving all three P. australis lineages, reducing biomass by 10%, regardless of nutrient availability or S. alterniflora presence as a competitor. Spillover of soil biota derived from the rhizosphere of the two invasive P. australis lineages reduced S. alterniflora biomass by 7%, whereas soil biota from the native P. australis lineage increased S. alterniflora biomass by 6%. Interestingly, regardless of lineage, P. australis soil biota negatively affected S. alterniflora biomass when grown alone (i.e., a soil legacy), but had a positive impact when grown with P. australis, suggesting that P. australis is preferred by harmful generalist soil biota or facilitates S. alterniflora via spillover (i.e., apparent mutualism). Soil biota also reduced the negative impacts of interspecific competition on S. alterniflora by 13%, although it remained competitively inferior to P. australis across all treatments. Moreover, competitive interactions and the response to nutrients did not differ among P. australis lineages, indicating that interspecific competition and nutrient deposition may not be key drivers of P. australis invasion in North America. Taken together, although soil biota, interspecific competition, and nutrient availability appear to have no direct impact on the success of invasive P. australis lineages in North America, indirect spillover and soil legacies from P. australis occur and may have important implications for co-occurring native species and restoration of invaded habitats. Our study integrates multiple factors linked to plant invasions, highlighting that indirect interactions are likely commonplace in driving successful invasions and their impacts on the local community.

scholarly journals A new specimen of the basal macronarian Camarasaurus (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) highlights variability and cranial allometry within the genus

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 109-130
Author(s):  
D. Cary Woodruff ◽  
D. Ray Wilhite ◽  
Peter L. Larson ◽  
Matthew Eads
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
North America ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Cranial Morphology ◽  
Causal Mechanism ◽  
Active Research

Camarasaurus represents one of the most common dinosaurs from North America, and certainly a contender for one of the most abundantly represented dinosaur taxa worldwide. With numerous specimens ranging the gamut of completeness and maturity, Camarasaurus would theoretically represent a neosauropodian exemplar towards better understanding intra- and interspecific variation, dimorphism, and life history development and strategies. And yet, counterintuitively, its abundance is seemingly a deterrent for active research. Herein we describe a new specimen of Camarasaurus sp. which is most notably known from a nearly complete and articulated skull. While Camarasaurus cranial material is unquestionably the most common sauropod cranial material from North America, our understanding of the total cranial morphology is limited, and largely relies on more limited and historic specimens. In addition to further illuminating the morphology and variation present in Camarasaurus crania, associated post-crania also allow for the first recognition of possible cranial allometry. The identification of this perplexing cranial allometry in several specimens indicates that it is not a singular variation. Though this analysis was not able to source the causal mechanism, factors such as taxonomy, dimorphism, or extreme intra-/intraspecific variation are all possible considerations for future analyses. The recognition of this undocumented cranial allometry further emphasizes that despite being so numerous, there is still vast gaps in our knowledge about Camarasaurus; and this analysis further echoes that the genus is in desperate need of revision.

scholarly journals Studies in the Basidiodendron caesiocinereum complex (Auriculariales, Basidiomycota)

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1275-1296
Author(s):  
Viacheslav Spirin ◽  
Vera Malysheva ◽  
Nathan Schoutteten ◽  
Ilya Viner ◽  
Otto Miettinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Morphological Character ◽  
Species Recognition ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Lsu Rdna ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Rdna Its

AbstractTaxonomy of Basidiodendron caesiocinereum complex is revised based on morphological and molecular methods (with the use of nc LSU rDNA, ITS and TEF1 regions). The basidiospore ornamentation is justified as a key morphological character for the species recognition in the group. As redefined here, B. caesiocinereum is an angiosperm-dwelling species with smooth basidiospores. Bourdotia cinerella and B. cinerella var. trachyspora are proved to represent separate species with warted basidiospores; they are reintroduced as Basidiodendron cinerellum and B. trachysporum. Additionally, eight new species related to B. caesiocinereum are described based on material from Eurasia, North America and Africa, and identity of B. spinosum from Oceania is discussed.

scholarly journals Sawadaea Powdery Mildew of Box Elder (Acer negundo) in Wisconsin

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 636-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Stanosz ◽  
D. Smith ◽  
J. Stanosz
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North America ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Rdna Its ◽  
Powdery Mildews ◽  
Box Elder ◽  
Norway Maple ◽  
White Mycelium ◽  
Powdery Mildew Pathogen

Box elder leaves affected by powdery mildew were collected from a single tree in an urban yard in the fall of 2006 in Madison, WI. As much as half of the area of the leaf blades, when viewed from above or below, was pale green-to-tan and necrotic. Mycelium was not visible to the eye on either the upper or lower leaf surfaces, but very sparse white mycelium was observed on the lower surface of leaves with the aid of a dissecting microscope. Chasmothecia were present singly or in groups of a few on the lower surface of leaves. Morphology of the chasmothecia, including simple and bifid appendages with uncinate to circinate apices, was sufficient to identify the pathogen to the genus Sawadaea (1). Other characters were not sufficiently distinct to make an identification of the species. However, DNA was extracted from the chasmothecia, and analysis of a 542-bp sequence of nuclear rDNA ITS (GenBank Accession No. EF122238) revealed a 100% match with the respective sequence obtained from Genbank for S. bicornis (Accession No. AB193380). A specimen from which these chasmothecia were obtained has been deposited in the U.S. National Fungus Collections (BPI 877328). S. bicornis is a European pathogen of maples, including box elder when grown there (1). Knowledge of the geographic distribution and hosts of Sawadaea powdery mildews in North America is extremely limited. S. bicornis was first reported in North America only recently, occurring in the states of Idaho and Washington on Norway maple (Acer platanoides) (3). The morphologically very similar European powdery mildew pathogen of maples, S. tulasnei, is known only from New York, Ohio, and Montreal, Canada (4), and an unidentified Sawadaea species on box elder has been reported from California (2). References (1) U. Braun. The Powdery Mildews (Erysiphales) of Europe. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena-Stuttgart-New York, 1995. (2) S. Hirose et al. Mycol. Res. 109:912, 2005. (3) C. Nischwitz and G. Newcombe. Plant Dis. 87:451, 2003. (4) J. Weiland and G. Stanosz. Plant Dis. 90:830, 2006.

Lamproderma ovoideoechinulatum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. I. Kryvomaz
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Epilobium Angustifolium ◽  
Salix Purpurea

Abstract A description is provided for Lamproderma ovoideoechinulatum, a myxomycete which occurs on dead branches, leaves, stems, and twigs of angiosperms and gymnosperms, and on dead fronds of ferns. Some information on its interactions and habitats, economic impacts, intraspecific variation, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (NORTH AMERICA: Canada (British Columbia); ASIA: Japan; EUROPE: Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine) and associated organisms and substrata (Plantae: Alnus sp. (branch); Apiaceae indet. (stem); Athyrium filix-femina (frond, stem); Carex sp.; Epilobium angustifolium; Fagus sylvatica (twig); Gramineae indet. [also as 'grasses']; Picea sp. [as 'spruce'] (leaf, stem); Plantae indet. (branch, stem); Rubus idaeus, R. ulmifolius, Rubus sp.; Salix purpurea (twig); Sasa kurilensis, Sasa sp.; Vaccinium myrtillus (twig); Protista: Didymium dubium; Lamproderma sauteri, L. zonatum; Meriderma carestiae).

Craniodental morphology and diet ofLeptarctus oregonensis(Mammalia, Carnivora, Mustelidae) from the Mascall Formation (Miocene) of central Oregon

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan J. Calede ◽  
Winifred A. Kehl ◽  
Edward B. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
North America ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
North American ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Land Mammal ◽  
Distinct Morphology

AbstractThe Leptarctinae are an enigmatic subfamily of mustelids present in North America and Eurasia during the Miocene (Arikareean to Hemphillian North American Land Mammal Ages). Their diet and ecology have been particularly controversial. Some workers have suggested they were similar to koalas, whereas others suggested they were crushing omnivores analogous to raccoons.Leptarctus oregonensisStock, 1930, a poorly known leptarctine from the early Barstovian, is represented by fragmented cranial elements and isolated teeth from the Mascall Formation of Oregon, and some fairly complete but undescribed material from the Olcott Formation of western Nebraska. Herein, we describe the first well-preserved skull ofL.oregonensisfrom the type formation. Based on this new specimen, we confirm thatL.oregonensisis a distinct species fromL.primusLeidy, 1856 andL.ancipidensWhite, 1941 that is characterized by a distinct morphology of its tympanic projections and first upper molars. We are also able to describe intraspecific variation withinL.oregonensiscoinciding with the geographic distribution of the specimens (Oregon and Nebraska). The most variable characters are concentrated in the morphology of the frontals and the upper fourth premolar. Additional specimens will be needed to settle the debate over sexual dimorphism in this species, but this new specimen suggests thatLeptarctus oregonensis, despite being one of the smallest members of the Leptarctinae, was an animal-dominated omnivore with considerable crushing ability.

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