Empire and Opportunity in Britain, 1763–75 The Prothero Lecture

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 111-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
West Africa ◽  
West Indies ◽  
East India Company ◽  
British Military ◽  
Overseas Expansion ◽  
British State ◽  
Made In

At the Peace of Paris in 1763 Britain reaped the rewards of a successful war overseas. Great gains were made in North America, die West Indies and West Africa. Two years later Robert Clive signed the treaty of Allahabad by which the Mughal emperor transferred the diwani and widi it effective possession of die huge province of Bengal to the East India Company. No one could doubt the scale of what had been acquired in so short a time in terms of land, people or resources. How these vast gains could be turned to account, by whom and with what consequences, aroused eager anticipation, a well as serious misgivings, as die British state and many private individuals tried to exploit the opportunities opened up by British military prowess. In so doing they revealed much about the strengdis and weaknesses of British overseas expansion in the eighteenth century.

scholarly journals An account of some experiments made in the West Indies and North America, to determine the relative magnetic forces, in the Years 1831, 32, and 33

1837 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 253-253
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Great Care ◽  
The West ◽  
Magnetic Forces ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Made In

The experiments of which the results are given in this paper were made by Mr. James Napier, late Master of H. M. S. Winchester. The needles were precisely similar to those used in the experiments described by the author in a former paper; and the observations were made with great care, and repeated several times at the same places; by which it appeared that the intensities of the needles continued unchanged during the whole period of the experiments; and the mean of all those made at one place was taken as the result. From these the relative forces at different places were computed, and stated in the form of a table.

Excavations in Jamaica

1953 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Dewolf
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Lesser Antilles ◽  
Greater Antilles ◽  
The West ◽  
Arbitrary Time ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Cross Dating ◽  
Made In

The purpose of this paper is to report the results of excavations conducted in 1933, as yet unreported, and to correlate the findings with present knowledge of Jamaican and other West Indian prehistory. Descriptions of the sites and specimens may be of value to archaeologists in this area.Since 1933 great strides have been made in archaeological knowledge of the West Indies. Irving Rouse has correlated known cultures in most of the Greater Antilles and in some of the Lesser Antilles. He has established seven arbitrary time periods, I, IIa, IIb, IIIa, IIIb, IVa, and IVb, for the area (Rouse, 1939, 1941, 1948, 1951, 1952) on the basis of stratigraphy, sedation of modes, establishment of style sequences, and cross-dating of trade objects. During these periods four cultures existed. The period I culture is preceramic and is associated with the Ciboney Indians who may have come from North America. The first ceramic culture, Igneri, is associated with the Arawak Indians, who pushed north and east from the Orinoco Valley in period II. It lacks the ceremonial complex which distinguishes the two later ceramic cultures, sub-Taino and Taino, which developed in the Greater Antilles during periods III and IV, the former as a simpler variant of the latter.

Philip Savile Grey Reid

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-96
Author(s):  
Kirsten A. Greer
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
North America ◽  
British Empire ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Military Culture ◽  
Military Officers ◽  
The West ◽  
British North America ◽  
British Military ◽  
America South

Chapter 5 investigates how, back “home” in Britain, British military officers’ production of ornithological knowledge in the British Mediterranean helped reformulate notions of nation and “British birds.” It focuses on Captain Philip Savile Grey Reid (1845–1915), Royal Engineers, as a homeward-bound officer to Aldershot, Hampshire, to understand how ideas and practices of ornithology circulated back to Britain. Designated as “home of the British Army,” Aldershot was an integral site in the transimperial network of military garrisons across the British Empire, connecting England to the Mediterranean, India, British North America, South Africa, and the West Indies. The home station became an important posting for the reunion of family, friendship, military, and ornithological networks in England; its location in Hampshire allowed imperial military officers to ramble in the English countryside, fostering temperate cultures of nature through proper conduct in the collecting and documenting of British birds. Central to this chapter is an understanding of transimperial processes in the shaping of British military culture and the designation of national birds.

Women, Monastic Commerce, and Coverture in Eastern Indiacirca1600–1800 CE

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
INDRANI CHATTERJEE
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Common Law ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Commercial Networks ◽  
Commercial Presence ◽  
English East India Company ◽  
Made In

AbstractThis article argues that economic histories of the transition to colonial economics in the eighteenth century have overlooked the infrastructural investments that wives and widows made in networks of monastic commerce. Illustrative examples from late eighteenth-century records suggest that these networks competed with the commercial networks operated by private traders serving the English East India Company at the end of the eighteenth century. The latter prevailed. The results were the establishment of coverture and wardship laws interpellated from British common law courts into Company revenue policies, the demolition of buildings. and the relocation of the markets that were attached to many of the buildings women had sponsored. Together, these historical processes made women's commercial presence invisible to future scholars.

scholarly journals Magnetical observations made in the West Indies, on the coasts of Brazil and North America, in the years 1834, 1835, 1836 and 1837

1843 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 3-4
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
West Indies ◽  
The West ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Times ◽  
Made In

The observations for the dip were made with an instrument of modern construction, by Dollond. Each observation consisted of an equal number of readings of the position of the needle, before and after the inversion of its poles, and a mean of all the readings taken for the true dip. Tables are subjoined, containing the dips ob­served at each place; the times of making a hundred vibrations of five horizontal needles, and the mean horizontal forces computed therefrom; and likewise the results estimated in the direction of the dipping needle, compared with direct experiments made with the dipping needle itself.

The New Toryism and the Imperial Reaction at the Accession of George III

2019 ◽  
pp. 165-200
Author(s):  
James M. Vaughn
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South Asia ◽  
West Indies ◽  
The West ◽  
Imperial Expansion ◽  
Overseas Expansion ◽  
George Iii

This chapter focuses on the conservative reaction to the emergence of radical Whiggism in the 1750s and 1760s —termed the New Toryism—that developed during the 1760s and early 1770s. What was the character of the New Toryism? How and why did it transform British overseas expansion as a whole, from the colonies of North America and the West Indies to the trading settlements of South Asia? Before examining in detail the rise and development of the New Toryism during the early reign of King George III and the shift it led to in Britain's imperial expansion, it first settles accounts with the Namierite interpretation that has remained prominent for over six decades in the historiography on the politics of empire during the 1760s and 1770s.

Enslaved Africans and the British Military at the Brimstone Hill Fortress, St. Kitts, West Indies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald F. Schroedl
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Enlisted Men ◽  
Domestic Security ◽  
British Military ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
Eastern Caribbean

Brimstone Hill Fortress (1690–1854) is a British colonial era fortification located on the northwest coast of St. Kitts in the eastern Caribbean. In the eighteenth century, it became the centerpiece of island defenses. While serving as a refuge from foreign invasion, its massive construction and garrison projected military power to foreign enemies and provided domestic security from the threat of slave revolts. This chapter uses historic records and excavations at six locations to demonstrate the multiethnic dimensions and multifaceted relationships of the fort’s occupants, including British officers and enlisted men, Black militia, West India Regiments, and enslaved Africans. A primary research goal is to underscore how Brimstone Hill reflects broad patterns of British colonial hegemony that shaped the lives of African and Creole people before and after emancipation (1834).

The Historical Evidence in Old Maps and Charts of Africa with Special Reference to West Africa

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 1-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Baesjou
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Jonathan Swift ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
The Road ◽  
Old Maps ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Early Maps ◽  
Made In

Early maps and charts of Africa--here defined as those produced before colonial penetration--have seldom been used as a source for historical studies. Generally they are valued more for their decorative qualities than for their geographical content. Jonathan Swift gave form to this viewpoint in his famous --or notorious--lines: So geographers in Afric-mapsWith savage-pictures fill the gapsAnd o'er unhabitable downsPlace elephants for want of townslines which stereotyped the African cartography until today.But it is not only eighteenth century maps that have been exposed to ridicule; those made in colonial times have also been subjected to stinging criticism. For instance, the linguist Pierre Alexandre noticed that on the official map of Cameroun made before independence a certain “Ambababoum” is shown as an important village on the road from Yaoundé to Bafia. However, it does not exist and has never existed within living memory. And, examining another map, he observed that certain peoples who do not exist are mentioned, while others who do exist are omitted.

British Military Sites from Albany to Crown Point

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Starbuck
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
New York City ◽  
Native American ◽  
North America ◽  
American Revolution ◽  
Hudson River ◽  
Transportation Corridor ◽  
British Military ◽  
Lake George

British forces on the frontier of eighteenth-century North America faced potent adversaries in the form of French armies and forts, often accompanied by their Native American allies. The lack of easily traversed roads could have been a logistical nightmare, but armies were able to overcome this by travelling along the waterways that formed a natural transportation corridor between Canada and New York City. Numerous British fortifications were constructed in the 1750s along Lake Champlain, Lake George, and the Hudson River north of Albany, and many of these positions were reoccupied twenty years later during the American Revolution. Strategically positioned forts were accompanied by large seasonal encampments, by specialized structures that included blockhouses and hospitals, and by battlefields where clashes occurred. Archaeologists have conducted excavations at many of these sites, seeking to understand the strategies, provisioning, and building techniques employed by British Regulars as they fought on the American landscape.

THE ORIGINS OF FEMINISM AND THE LIMITS OF ENLIGHTENMENT

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-494
Author(s):  
RUTH H. BLOCH
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Comparative History ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Broad Array ◽  
Made In

The publication of the collection of essays Women, Gender and Enlightenment (ed. Sarah Knott and Barbara Taylor, Houndsmills: Palgrave MacMillan, 2005) affords an unusual opportunity to confront a myriad of interrelated issues, at once definitional and ideological, that face intellectual historians of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Europe and America. The 768-page work came out of a highly unusual collaborative research project conducted from 1998 to 2001, “Feminism and Enlightenment, 1650–1850: A Comparative History,” a series of colloquia, conferences, and Internet exchanges enlisting the participation of over a hundred historians in Europe, North America, and Australia. The product of this extensive interaction showcases the contributions of thirty-eight authors, not only covering a broad array of topics but, still more remarkable, displaying a large degree of consensus about issues of interpretative concern. While dozens of books and articles have anticipated pieces of the arguments made in this volume, never has so extensive an attempt been made to pull them together into a cohesive whole.

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