Edge Effect in Wetland-Arable Land Boundary Determines Nesting Success of Scarlet Rosefinches (Carpodacus erythrinus) in the Czech Republic

The Auk ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Albrecht
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Edge Effect ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Nesting Success ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Carpodacus Erythrinus

scholarly journals Edge Effect in Wetland-Arable Land Boundary Determines Nesting Success of Scarlet Rosefinches (Carpodacus Erythrinus) in the Czech Republic

The Auk ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-371
Author(s):  
Tomas Albrecht
Keyword(s):  
Edge Effect ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Nesting Success ◽  
Wet Meadow ◽  
Nest Sites ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Carpodacus Erythrinus ◽  
Per Capita

Abstract Although the effects of habitat edges on avian nesting success are well documented for forest ecosystems and for forest-interior species, there is almost no evidence for nonforest, agriculturally dominated landscapes, namely for the matrix of shrubby wetlands and agricultural land. In 1995–1998 I searched for and monitored nests of the Scarlet Rosefinch (Carpodacus erythrinus) in pristine patches of shrubby wet meadow to evaluate the generality of the “edge effect on nest predation” hypothesis. Predation was the major cause of nest failure, accounting for 92.3% of total nest losses. Microhabitat features of the nest sites were not related to proximity to agricultural edges. The model best describing variation in daily nest-survival rates (DSRs) included nest concealment and distance to agricultural edge. Nest survivorship for the entire nesting period was estimated at 41% (1,143 exposure days, n = 79 nests) for edge nests (<100 m from an edge) and 83% (1,831 exposure days, n = 96) for interior nests, respectively. The DSRs were also consistently higher in large than in small wetland patches. Using habitat-specific demographic parameters, I found that per-capita annual productivity was 66.3% higher in core areas than in edge areas (4.14 and 2.49 fledglings, respectively). Three key components of annual reproductive success—brood size, nest success, and renesting rate—contributed unevenly to variation in site-specific annual per-capita productivity, only the latter two being important predictors. The results indicate that edge habitats may not be perceived as suboptimal by breeding individuals, despite high rates of brood loss there.

scholarly journals Weed Species Diversity in the Czech Republic Under Different Farming and Site Conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 741-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Kolářová ◽  
Luděk Tyšer ◽  
Josef Soukup
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Standard Size ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Winter Cereals

The aim of this study was to explore the composition of weed vegetation on arable land in selected areas of the Czech Republic and to determine the level of γ-diversity. Our survey was conducted at 27 conventional and 35 organic farms from 2006–2008. In each sampled field, one phytocoenological relevé of a standard size of 100 m2 was recorded in the central part of the field. The species cover was estimated. The total γ-diversity was expressed as the total number of weed species recorded. γ-diversity of different farming systems, altitudes and crops was calculated. Subsequently, the species were divided on the basis of their perenniality. In total, 172 weed species were found – 123 and 162 in conventional and organic farming, respectively. The highest number of species was found in winter cereals and at medium altitudes. Chenopodium album was recorded as the species with the highest constancy in both types of farming. In total, 89 annuals, 17 biennials and 15 perennials were observed in conventional farming, and 109 annuals, 23 biennials, 28 perennials and 2 semiparasitic annuals were found in organic farming.

scholarly journals Regional food and feed self-sufficiency related to climate change and animal density – a case study from the Czech Republic

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 244-252
Author(s):  
Josef Pulkrábek ◽  
Lukáš Pacek ◽  
Jaroslav Čítek ◽  
Roman Stupka ◽  
Kateřina Pračke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Yield Decline ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Food And Feed

A new food and feed self-sufficiency model for the Czech Republic (RESTEP) was applied for the evaluation of possible adverse climate impacts uniformly reducing crop production by 5, 10, 20, and 30%. The situation was simulated for the whole country and four different agriculturally important regions. Biomass production modeling confirmed that for the whole country, the food self-sufficiency is secured up to 20% of yield decline for most crops, but even 5% yield decline of silage maize would lead to its shortage in animal feeding. On the other hand, regional results vary significantly. Regions Jižní Morava and Střední Čechy shown oversupply of feedstuff allowing them to cover the demands of cattle and pigs up to 20% or 30% decline of yield, respectively. The opposite model represents the Vysočina (VY) region which is not able to cover the demands from own sources even at the baseline scenario. The acreage extension of maize is not possible due to erosion risk restrictions at 25% of arable land at VY. The possible solution consists of extension acreage of alfalfa and clover or finding other plants sufficient for feeding as well for biogas facilities in regions rich in biomass energy consumers.

scholarly journals HYPRESCZ - database of soil hydrophysical properties in the Czech Republic

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 34-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Miháliková ◽  
S. Matula ◽  
F. Doležal
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Pedotransfer Functions ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
European Database ◽  
S Model

The database of soil hydrophysical properties in the Czech Republic called HYPRESCZ was created. It is based on the European database HYPRES, HYdraulic PRoperties of European Soils, and follows its structure with few modifications. It collects the available data from the Czech Republic from which pedotransfer functions (PTFs) for the estimation of soil hydrophysical properties from easily available soil properties can be derived and 2101&nbsp;database entries were collected. The entries have different quality of data, out of the total number of entries 707 entries were applicable to PTFs derivation for the estimation of soil water retention curves (SWRCs). After elimination of replicates, finally 159 unique soil horizons (arable land only) were used for PTFs derivation. The parametric continuous pedotransfer functions for estimation of SWRCs in the Czech Republic were derived within this study and are based on W&ouml;sten&rsquo;s model. The retention curves were estimated using both these newly derived PTFs and W&ouml;sten&rsquo;s original model, which was derived for European soils in general. The uncertainty of estimation was evaluated, employing the root mean squared error (RMSE) and the coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) comparing the PTF-estimated and the directly fitted retention curves. The reliability of the newly derived PTFs for Czech soils was higher (RMSE = 0.059 cm<sup>3</sup>/cm<sup>3</sup> and R<sup>2</sup> = 71%) compared to W&ouml;sten&rsquo;s general PTFs (RMSE = 0.11 cm<sup>3</sup>/cm<sup>3</sup> and R<sup>2</sup> = 36%).

scholarly journals Comparison of two mapping methods of potential distribution of pests under present and changed climate

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kocmánková ◽  
M. Trnka ◽  
Z. Žalud ◽  
D. Semerádová ◽  
M. Dubrovský ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Potential Distribution ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Global Circulation Models

The study compares two methods for modeling the potential distribution of pests when applied to the European corn borer (<I>Ostrinia nubilalis</I>Hubner). The development of the European corn borer (ECB) is known to be closely correlated with daily air temperature as well as other climate variables. The climatic parameters are, therefore, used to predict the potential geographical distribution using tested tools such as CLIMEX or ECAMON. These models consider the climatic suitability of a given site/region for the pest’s development and, thus, the possible establishment of a population at a given location. In this study, meteorological data from 1961 to 2000 and from 45 meteorological stations were used to characterise the current climate conditions in the Czech Republic. Validation was based on available field data of the occurrence of ECB in the same period. The climate parameters were later modified according to the estimates based on the combination of three SRES emission scenarios and three global circulation models. Under all climate change scenarios, we noted a marked shift of the pest’s potential niches to higher altitudes, which might lead to an increase in the infestation pressure during the first half of this century. The present area of the univoltine population will increase due to temperature increases even above 800 m a.s.l. In addition there is a risk of the establishment of a bivoltine population in the main agricultural areas and 38% of arable land in the Czech Republic before 2050.

Harmonizing, merging and publishing hydropedological data for the Czech Republic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luděk Strouhal ◽  
Petr Kavka ◽  
Hana Beitlerová ◽  
Daniel Žížala
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Project Duration ◽  
Erosion Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Projects

&lt;p&gt;Czech soil data is a mess. Modelling infiltration, or its probably most watched companion - runoff, has been quite a painful process for any researcher or practitioner studying any site larger or more heterogeneous than a few parcels of arable land. There are at least three main national soil databases in the Czech Republic, each of different age, scope, classification system and - most unfortunately - different administrator. So far Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation has taken good care of data for agricultural land, while The Forest Management Institute did his job considering forest soils. A few other research institutes manage their own specific databases. There has been no service available providing consistent data for the whole country, nor methodology giving some guidelines on how to cope with differences in existing datasets, though a few large-scale applications and studies do exist. This contribution presents preliminary results of a running project TJ02000234 - Physical and hydropedological soil properties of the Czech Republic. It aims at harmonizing and combining available datasets and deriving layers of soil texture and hydropedological properties. Next the project aims at gathering available measurements of hydraulic properties of Czech soil types and their partial validation and extending with field measurements in the scope limited by the 2-years of project duration. The derived database and data products will be published in the form of a certified map as well as offered to professionals through an online GIS portal. Design planners in the Land consolidation, flood and soil erosion mitigation projects as well as professionals in public administration and researchers in environmental disciplines will benefit from the publication of this consistent data.&lt;/p&gt;

Weed vegetation of arable land in the Czech Republic: environmental a management factors determining weed species composition

Biologia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Kolářová ◽  
Luděk Tyšer ◽  
Josef Soukup
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Vegetation Composition ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Significant Factors

AbstractThis paper reports on the current situation in weed vegetation composition on arable land in selected areas of the Czech Republic, assessment of influence of selected variables: applied management systems (conventional, organic), crops (winter cereals, root crops) and altitude and ranking of the importance of these particular factors. A phytocoenological survey was conducted from 2006 to 2008 during a vegetation period using relevés that were 100 m2 in size, placed in the central part of fields. In total, 202 relevés of agricultural vegetation were recorded. The combined environmental variables explained 10.6% of the variability. Based on the pCCAs, the highest effect was found at altitude, which explains 5.1% of the species composition variability. The second and third most significant factors are crop and management system, which explain 3.3% and 1.8% of the variability, respectively. The lowlands were generally characterised by the thermophilous summer annual weed species. The higher altitudes were populated by species that are typical for colder areas and poor, humid, and acidic soil types, such as cambisoil.

scholarly journals Local Community Versus Globalization Tendencies: Case Study of Czech Villages in Romanian Banat Region

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markéta Šantrůčková ◽  
Mária Pákozdiová ◽  
Monika Hamanová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Hard Work ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Wind Power Plants

Abstract The research question is the relationship between the local community and globalization tendencies and transformation or maintenance of local traditions. The research area is a specific locality of a Czech village in Romanian Banat. The local community has evolved in a relative isolation. Agriculture was the most important activity despite the fact that a mining factory was opened there. Agriculture was and in many features still is traditional, self-supplying, and hard-work. The life-style has always been environmentally friendly as it has been without modern technologies. Nevertheless, modernization exploded dramatically in these villages after 1989, when the communist policies collapsed along with Romania's isolation. People from the Czech Republic have rediscovered Romanian Banat and a rather busy (agro) tourism has developed there. The Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs supports development projects for making living conditions in the village better. Simultaneously, strong migration from Banat to the Czech Republic has started. People find living conditions in the Czech Republic easier and leave hard work, poverty and unemployment. It brings huge land cover changes because people who remain cannot use all arable land, which is thus abandoned and left for the natural process. One of the distinct manifestations of globalization tendencies is the build-up of wind power plants.

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