Effects of Temperature and Oxygenation on Predator-Prey Overlap and Prey Choice of Notonecta glauca

10.2307/4531 ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara J. Cockrell
Keyword(s):  
Prey Choice ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Prey Overlap

The effects of temperature and predator-prey interactions on the migration behavior and vertical distribution of Mysis relicta

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 1599-1613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent T. Boscarino ◽  
Lars G. Rudstam ◽  
Shylene Mata ◽  
Gideon Gal ◽  
Ora E. Johannsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Migration Behavior ◽  
Mysis Relicta ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

The direct and indirect effects of temperature on a predator–prey relationship

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1834-1841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T Anderson ◽  
Joseph M Kiesecker ◽  
Douglas P Chivers ◽  
Andrew R Blaustein
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Prey Size ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Prey Mass ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Logistic Regression Equation ◽  
Probability Of Capture

Abiotic factors may directly influence community structure by influencing biotic interactions. In aquatic systems, where gape-limited predators are common, abiotic factors that influence organisms' growth rates potentially mediate predator–prey interactions indirectly through effects on prey size. We tested the hypothesis that temperature influences interactions between aquatic size-limited insect predators (Notonecta kirbyi) and their larval anuran prey (Hyla regilla) beyond its indirect effect on prey size. Notonecta kirbyi and H. regilla were raised and tested in predator–prey trials at one of three experimentally maintained temperatures, 9.9, 20.7, or 25.7°C. Temperature strongly influenced anuran growth and predator success; mean tadpole mass over time was positively related to temperature, while the number of prey caught was negatively related. At higher temperatures tadpoles attained greater mass more quickly, allowing them to avoid capture by notonectids. However, the probability of capture is a function of both mass and temperature; temperature was a significant explanatory variable in a logistic regression equation predicting prey capture. For a given prey mass, tadpoles raised in warmer water experienced a higher probability of capture by notonectids. Thus, rather than being static, prey size refugia are influenced directly by abiotic factors, in this case temperature. This suggests that temperature exerts differential effects on notonectid and larval anurans, leading to differences in the probability of prey capture for a given prey mass. Therefore, temperature can influence predator–prey interactions via indirect effects on prey size and direct effects on prey.

scholarly journals The importance of predator–prey overlap: predicting North Sea cod recovery with a multispecies assessment model

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 1989-1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Kempf ◽  
Gjert Endre Dingsør ◽  
Geir Huse ◽  
Morten Vinther ◽  
Jens Floeter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
The North ◽  
Recovery Potential ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Time Invariant ◽  
Prey Overlap

Abstract Kempf, A., Dingsør, G. E., Huse, G., Vinther, M., Floeter, J., and Temming, A. 2010. The importance of predator–prey overlap: predicting North Sea cod recovery with a multispecies assessment model. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1989–1997. The overlap between predator and prey is known as a sensitive parameter in multispecies assessment models for fish, and its parameterization is notoriously difficult. Overlap indices were derived from trawl surveys and used to parametrize the North Sea stochastic multispecies model. The effect of time-invariant and year- and quarter-specific overlap estimates on the historical (1991–2007) and predicted trophic interactions, as well as the development of predator and prey stocks, was investigated. The focus was set on a general comparison between single-species and multispecies forecasts and the sensitivity of the predicted development of North Sea cod for the two types of overlap implementation. The spatial–temporal overlap between cod and its predators increased with increasing temperature, indicating that foodweb processes might reduce the recovery potential of cod during warm periods. Multispecies scenarios were highly influenced by assumptions on future spatial overlap, but they predicted a considerably lower recovery potential than single-species predictions did. In addition, a recovery of North Sea cod had strong negative effects on its prey stocks. The consequences of these findings for management are discussed.

scholarly journals Feeding preference of Euborellia annulipes to Plutella xylostella: effects of temperature and prey development stage

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilmar da Silva Nunes ◽  
Hágabo Honorato de Paulo ◽  
Welliny Soares Rocha Dias ◽  
Sergio Antonio De Bortoli
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Pest Population ◽  
Potential Predator ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

ABSTRACT The ring-legged earwig Euborellia annulipes has been studied as a natural enemy of pest-insects and a potential predator of diamondback moth. Temperature is an important factor that mediates the pest population density and may affect the predator-prey relationship dynamics. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the temperature and development stage of Plutella xylostella individuals on the feeding preference of E. annulipes females. Three temperatures (18 ºC, 25 ºC and 32 ºC), two development stages (larvae and pupae) and two feeding conditions related to the prey capture (with or without choice) were assessed. No matter the temperature, ring-legged earwig females showed a preference for eating larvae, instead of pupae. The temperature and choice conditions influenced the amount of consumed preys, but only for larvae (not for pupae). The lowest larvae consumption was observed at 18 ºC, in both prey capture conditions.

scholarly journals The Effects of Temperature on the Kinematics of Rattlesnake Predatory Strikes in Both Captive and Field Environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M D Whitford ◽  
G A Freymiller ◽  
T E Higham ◽  
R W Clark
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
New World ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Locomotor Performance ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Predatory Strike ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The outcomes of predator–prey interactions between endotherms and ectotherms can be heavily influenced by environmental temperature, owing to the difference in how body temperature affects locomotor performance. However, as elastic energy storage mechanisms can allow ectotherms to maintain high levels of performance at cooler body temperatures, detailed analyses of kinematics are necessary to fully understand how changes in temperature might alter endotherm–ectotherm predator–prey interactions. Viperid snakes are widely distributed ectothermic mesopredators that interact with endotherms both as predator and prey. Although there are numerous studies on the kinematics of viper strikes, surprisingly few have analyzed how this rapid movement is affected by temperature. Here we studied the effects of temperature on the predatory strike performance of rattlesnakes (Crotalus spp.), abundant new world vipers, using both field and captive experimental contexts. We found that the effects of temperature on predatory strike performance are limited, with warmer snakes achieving slightly higher maximum strike acceleration, but similar maximum velocity. Our results suggest that, unlike defensive strikes to predators, rattlesnakes may not attempt to maximize strike speed when attacking prey, and thus the outcomes of predatory strikes may not be heavily influenced by changes in temperature.

scholarly journals The effects of temperature on the defensive strikes of rattlesnakes

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 (14) ◽  
pp. jeb223859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malachi D. Whitford ◽  
Grace A. Freymiller ◽  
Timothy E. Higham ◽  
Rulon W. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Muscle Physiology ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Contraction ◽  
Risk Of Predation ◽  
Crotalus Oreganus ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

ABSTRACTMovements of ectotherms are constrained by their body temperature owing to the effects of temperature on muscle physiology. As physical performance often affects the outcome of predator–prey interactions, environmental temperature can influence the ability of ectotherms to capture prey and/or defend themselves against predators. However, previous research on the kinematics of ectotherms suggests that some species may use elastic storage mechanisms when attacking or defending, thereby mitigating the effects of sub-optimal temperature. Rattlesnakes (Crotalus spp.) are a speciose group of ectothermic viperid snakes that rely on crypsis, rattling and striking to deter predators. We examined the influence of body temperature on the behavior and kinematics of two rattlesnake species (Crotalus oreganus helleri and Crotalus scutulatus) when defensively striking towards a threatening stimulus. We recorded defensive strikes at body temperatures ranging from 15–35°C. We found that strike speed and speed of mouth gaping during the strike were positively correlated with temperature. We also found a marginal effect of temperature on the probability of striking, latency to strike and strike outcome. Overall, warmer snakes are more likely to strike, strike faster, open their mouth faster and reach maximum gape earlier than colder snakes. However, the effects of temperature were less than would be expected for purely muscle-driven movements. Our results suggest that, although rattlesnakes are at a greater risk of predation at colder body temperatures, their decrease in strike performance may be mitigated to some extent by employing mechanisms in addition to skeletal muscle contraction (e.g. elastic energy storage) to power strikes.

Effects of predation risk factors on escape behavior by Balearic lizards (Podarcis lilfordi) in relation to optimal escape theory

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dror Hawlena ◽  
Valentín Pérez-Mellado ◽  
William Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Predation Risk ◽  
Escape Behavior ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Escape Theory ◽  
Approach Speed ◽  
Podarcis Lilfordi ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Flight Initiation

AbstractEscape theory predicts that flight initiation distance (FID = predator-prey distance when escape begins) increases as predation risk increases. We tested effects of variation of approach speed and directness, predator persistence, concealment, and weather conditions on FID in the Balearic lizard (Podarcis lilfordi) by ourselves simulating predators. We examined effects of directness of approach on probability of fleeing and of repeated approach on entering refuge and distance fled. As predicted, FID was greater for faster approach speed, more direct approach, during second than first approaches, and when lizards were exposed than partially concealed. Other effects of directness of approach and repeated approach also were as predicted by greater assessed risk by the lizards. The proportion of individuals that fled was greater for direct than indirect approaches. The proportion of lizards that entered refuges and distance fled were greater during the second of two successive approaches. Effects of weather on FID were complex. FID was shortest in the warmest conditions with no noticeable wind, when lizards were active. Lizards were inactive and basked in the other conditions. FID was longest at 20°C without wind, and intermediate FID occurred at 18°C in windy conditions. We present hypotheses for weather effects. Tests are needed to unravel effects of temperature and wind speed. All predictions of escape theory for simple risk factors, i.e., all except than weather conditions, were confirmed. Escape theory successfully predicts FID for these risks in P. lilfordi, other lacertids, and more broadly, in ecologically and taxonomically diverse lizards.

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