Those Inner Cities: Reconciling the Social and Economic Aims of Urban Policy

1989 ◽  
Vol 155 (3) ◽  
pp. 413
Author(s):  
A. G. Champion ◽  
Brian Robson
Keyword(s):  
Urban Policy ◽  
Inner Cities ◽  
The Social

‘Latino Gentrification’?: Focusing on Physical and Socioeconomic Patterns of Change in Latin American Inner Cities

Urban Studies ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 2085-2107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Inzulza-Contardo
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Inner Cities ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
The Past ◽  
Socioeconomic Changes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Socioeconomic Patterns

Although gentrification is an accepted process nowadays around the globe, little debate is found in the Latin American context—particularly, when considering that 70 per cent of this continent is urbanised and that major physical and socioeconomic changes have been observed in its historical neighbourhoods in the past 20 years. This paper focuses on the continuity and change that Santiago, Chile, has shown in recent decades. Empirical data are provided to reflect both the physical and socioeconomic patterns of change that have modified the urban morphology and the social capital of Santiago’s inner city. Furthermore, by selecting Bellavista—one of the oldest inner-city neighbourhoods of Santiago—this paper draws conclusions about how specific urban regeneration strategies can promote gentrification and then links them with wider patterns of ‘Latino gentrification’.

scholarly journals Canaries in the mine? Gay community, consumption and aspiration in neoliberal Washington, DC

Urban Studies ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 695-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel M Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Home Ownership ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Property Ownership ◽  
Inner Cities ◽  
Gay Community ◽  
Creative City ◽  
The Social ◽  
Gay Communities

Gay men have been implicated in neoliberal urban development strategies (e.g. the creative city) as a ‘canary’ population that forecasts growth. Paradoxically, both neoliberal re-development of North American inner-cities and the ways in which gay men become neoliberalised as individuals contribute to the dissolution of urban gay communities. In contrast to discourses of homonormativity, which suggest that gay men’s declining attachments to gay communities stem from new equalities and consequent desires to assimilate into the mainstream, this article argues that gay men in DC have internalised neoliberal discourses that call for career development, home ownership and social hypermobilities. The narratives of 24 gay-identified men living in DC indicate that the social and spatial dissolution of the gay community is linked with individual aspirations that are increasingly difficult to achieve. These aspirations include career advancement in a transient local economy, property ownership in an out-of-reach market, and the attainment of social status based on an ability to move through multiple neighbourhoods and venues with ease. As might be expected, African American and working class men are often left beyond the fray of these new neoliberal ideals.

scholarly journals The reurbanisation concept and its utility for contemporary research on post-socialist cities: The case of the Czech Republic

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Ouředníček ◽  
Martin Šimon ◽  
Martina Kopečná
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
System Development ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Settlement System ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Inner Cities ◽  
Residential Environments ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Alternative Conceptualization

AbstractThe concept of reurbanisation is discussed in this article from theoretical and methodological perspectives. Reurbanisation has been defined as one of the stages of urban development recently, but it is also tied to processes of gentrification, or perceived as a policy aimed at the revitalisation of inner cities. The main objective of this contribution is to discuss three principal and different perspectives of reurbanisation: firstly, reurbanisation as defined on the macro-scale of settlement system development; secondly, the concept as elaborated at the micro-scale of the transformation of inner cities; and, thirdly, reurbanisation viewed as a specific urban policy at the local government scale of analysis. The authors’ singular understanding of the reurbanisation process – as suburban-to-urban migration – is then presented as an alternative conceptualization of reurbanisation. This paper presents and evaluates the use of the reurbanisation concept in research on residential environments in current conditions in the Czech Republic and relates it to the broader domain of research on post-socialist cities.

The role of urban form in sustainability of community: The case of Amsterdam

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowan Arundel ◽  
Richard Ronald
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Compact City ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Urban Forms ◽  
Construction Period ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Built Form ◽  
The Social

Urban policy has increasingly emphasized the compact city and higher density urban forms in reaching sustainability goals. Although environmental and economic advantages of densification have been empirically supported, the relation between higher density environments and social sustainability has been more contentious. Concerns have been raised regarding the social outcomes of high-density urban contexts; however, these connections have neither been well explored nor understood. Using the city of Amsterdam, considered a case of high-quality compact city form, our study looks at how specific neighbourhood built form relates to key measures of sustainability of community. Despite previous concerns regarding the effects of density, the study reveals that higher densities have no significant impact on local social capital, sense of community or resident satisfaction. Rather, other built-form measures such as scale, existence of local stores, degree of automobile dominance and construction period were of greater importance. The study of high-quality urban environments in Amsterdam challenges notions that higher densities are detrimental to social and community experience and proposes that the specific urban form of higher density neighbourhoods is of greater importance than absolute density.

scholarly journals Do–It–Yourself Urban Design: The Social Practice of Informal “Improvement” Through Unauthorized Alteration

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon C. C. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Do It Yourself ◽  
Analytical Category

There are numerous ways in which people make illegal or unauthorized alterations to urban space. This study identifies and analyzes one that has been largely ignored in social science: explicitly functional and civic–minded informal contributions that I call “do–it–yourself urban design.” The research, which began as an investigation into more “traditional” nonpermissable alterations, uncovered these cases—from homemade bike lanes and street signs to guerrilla gardens and development proposals—that are gaining visibility in many cities, yet are poorly accounted for by existing perspectives in the literature. This article examines the existing theories and evidence from interviews and other fieldwork in 14 cities in order to develop the new analytical category of DIY urban design. I present findings on the creators of these interventions, on their motivations to “improve” the built environment where they perceive government and other development actors to be failing, and on the concentration of their efforts in gentrifying areas. This introduces the possibility of conflict and complicates their impact. I argue that DIY urban design has wide–ranging implications for both local communities and broader urban policy.

scholarly journals Jogo no Rio

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Tamara Tania Cohen Egler ◽  
Fabiana Mabel de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Policy Proposal ◽  
Discourse Production ◽  
Official Discourse ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
Politica Publica ◽  
Pan American ◽  
The City

Como, por que e para quem são produzidas as políticas urbanas para os jogos esportivos na cidade do Rio de Janeiro? Os dados apresentados neste trabalho resultam de pesquisa realizada sobre os Jogos Pan-Americanos no Rio de Janeiro, em 2007. O artigo está estruturado em três eixos: discurso oficial; produção e apropriação social dos projetos; cidade democrática. No primeiro eixo, examinamos o que se veiculou como as benesses que os Jogos trariam para a cidade; no segundo, os projetos, a construção e a apropriação social dos equipamentos; e no terceiro, fazemos uma proposta de política pública para o que designamos “uma cidade democrática”. Este encaminhamento analítico tornou possível observar, analisar e apresentar a distância que existe entre o discurso oficial e a realidade dos interesses que compuseram as estratégias para os jogos na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Palavras-chave: globalização; políticas urbanas; grandes eventos esportivos; Jogos Pan–Americanos; redes; Rio de Janeiro. Abstract: How, why and for whom are urban policies for sport games in Rio de Janeiro produced? The data presented here result from a research conducted on the Pan American Games held in Rio de Janeiro in 2007. The paper is divided in three axes: official discourse; production and social appropriation of the projects; democratic city. The first axis will examine what was reported as benefits that the Games would bring to the city; in the second, the projects, the construction and the social appropriation of the equipments; and in the third, we will make a public policy proposal for what we call “a democratic city”. This analytical way allowed us to observe, analyze and present the gap between the official discourse and the interests that made up the strategies for the games in Rio de Janeiro. Keywords: globalization; urban policy; major events; Pan-American Games; networks; Rio de Janeiro.

scholarly journals The gentrification approach as an analytical tool in assessing the effects of participatory urban policy

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Łukasz Drozda
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Policy Science ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Social Production ◽  
Production Of Space ◽  
Participatory Techniques ◽  
The Social ◽  
Spatial Dimensions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The objective of the article is to present the assumptions of the gentrification approach, which allows one to assess the impact of public spatial actions undertaken by various actors in the process of social production of space. The study proposes a research methodology that distinguishes the social, economic and spatial dimensions of gentrification. The author makes use of source literature on the subject of gentrification and public policy theories as well as the results of the author’s gentrification research conducted in Warsaw, New York and Istanbul on examples of places that were planned using various types of participatory techniques. The study performs the operationalisation of the measurement of gentrification as a useful analytical tool in policy science.

Creating Neighbourhood Networks: Why the Alvalade Landscape Matters to Housing

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Romana Xerez
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Network Resources ◽  
Social Mix ◽  
The Social ◽  
Community Ties ◽  
Development Failure

How does social capital matter to the creation of neighbourhood networks in cities? Social housing in Portugal is some times viewed as a single architectural and building environment development failure. This article discusses a relevant Portuguese urban planning landscape and aims to contribute to the discussion of one of its main purpose – the social housing experiment. The author discusses the case of this landscape as urban policy-making and evaluates its implementation and relevance. She hypothesizes that “neighbourhood units” have become a relevant case in the context of neighbourhood planning and housing social-mix in Lisbon. Firstly, she uses theoretical arguments and findings to discuss an urban experiment - Alvalade Landscape. Secondly, the paper analyses relevant data that demonstrates its links to the housing policies thus enriching the urban design. The article offers evidence from the Alvalade Landscape case study in Lisbon of theoretical and empirical community ties in the 1940s. Thirdly, the paper identifies some elements such as community units, social mix, sidewalks, and that have an impact on neighbourhood design as well as people’s lives. The findings show that supportive neighbour ties provide important network resources (social capital) concerning daily life, illness, support or financial aid. Finally, the paper suggests the relevance that social neighbourhood community has in housing programs and policies.

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