Global Issues: Youth and White Paper: The Politics of Literacy Assessment in the United Kingdom

ABSTRACTThis paper analyses the different cost bases in which public expenditure can be analysed as a policy problem related to the differing requirements of planning, authorising and controlling the various components of public expenditure. The analysis is applied to the United Kingdom, where in 1981 changes were announced in the method of making public expenditure decisions which had evolved over the previous two decades. The various components of public expenditure in the United Kingdom are described, and the decision-making process which led to the March 1981 Public Expenditure White Paper is outlined. The significance of the different price bases used in public expenditure (cash (at current or at expected prices), volume, cost, and constant) is then explored. The advantages and disadvantages for policy-makers of attempting to reduce the number of price bases used are analysed; it is shown that there is no cost-free route to reducing complexity. The significance of government's decision in 1981 to make greater use of the cash basis in decision-making is assessed. The analysis is applied specifically to the United Kingdom, but the issues raised are of policy relevance to the choice of price bases for public expenditure decision-making in any country in a time of inflation.(A second paper in a future issue of the Journal will examine the political purposes behind gross or net measurement, the earmaking of receipts, and the more precise relationships between figures used in the planning of public expenditure, in macro-economic analysis and forecasting and in Parliamentary and local control.)

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III. British Plans

American Political Science Review ◽

10.2307/1949661 ◽

1945 ◽

Vol 39 (6) ◽

pp. 1137-1147

Author(s):

W. Hardy Wickwar

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

United Kingdom ◽

Capital Investment ◽

Full Employment ◽

The United States ◽

White Paper ◽

Productive Capacity ◽

Employment Policy ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

The Government

The United Kingdom has gone considerably farther than the United States in the acceptance of full employment as one of the prime aims of government policy. There is a widespread feeling that it may also have gone farther in devising governmental machinery for the realization of this aim. On both counts—the end and the means—the present trend in the United Kingdom merits attention in the United States and other countries.Official endorsement of full employment as a proper end for governmental policy dates back to 1944. The much-quoted white paper on Employment Policy was presented to Parliament by Lord Woolton, Minister of Reconstruction in the Churchill coalition, a few days before D-day. It began with the unequivocal statement: “The Government accept as one of their primary aims and responsibilities the maintenance of a high and stable level of employment after the war.” Shortly afterwards, at the conclusion of a three-day debate, the House of Commons passed a resolution moved by Laborite Ernest Bevin, then Minister of Labor and National Service, and supported on the side of the Conservatives by Sir John Anderson as Chancellor of the Exchequer: “That this House … welcomes the declaration of His Majesty's Government….” At no time later has this basic commitment been placed in doubt.Acceptance of full employment in business circles might be illustrated by a number of authoritative pronouncements made in the middle of the war. These include a pamphlet entitled The Problem of Unemployment, issued by Lever Brothers and Unilever Limited at the beginning of 1943. Here it was clearly argued that irregularity of capital investment was the principal cause of unemployment; that the profit motive had proved an insufficient guide in the extension of productive capacity; and that it was the task of government to regularize the incentive to investment by the use of indirect controls.

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EU-UK free movement compromise will need flexibility

Emerald Expert Briefings ◽

10.1108/oxan-db224314 ◽

2017 ◽

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Euro Area ◽

White Paper ◽

Free Movement ◽

Eastern European ◽

Content Type ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

The Uk ◽

East West ◽

The Eu

Significance The UK government says it is determined that free movement of people from the EU will end after Brexit. Impacts An upcoming immigration White Paper will provide greater clarity about the UK government’s approach. Proposals to reform the EU's Posted Workers Directive could trigger Eastern European opposition, deepening the east-west divide. Stricter post-Brexit UK immigration policies could lead to labour shortages and skills gaps in sectors such as agriculture and health. Improving euro-area economic prospects could encourage EU nationals living in the United Kingdom to return to the continent.

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Prospects for Progressing Research through Partnership: Comment on Trends in the United Kingdom and the Technology Foresight Program

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.1177/0361198196156500105 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 1565 (1) ◽

pp. 20-28

Author(s):

Howard R. Kirby

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Cultural Change ◽

White Paper ◽

Research Community ◽

Transport Sector ◽

Technology Foresight ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Engineering And Technology

The mechanisms that have been developed in recent years in the United Kingdom to encourage partnerships in research among government, industry, and the research community in universities and elsewhere are reviewed. The influence of the 1993 White Paper on Science, Engineering, and Technology, the development of the recent technology foresight exercise, and the processes and outcomes of that exercise are reviewed. The implications for the transport sector and the treatment of issues generic to several sectors are summarized. Some anomalies are noted in the development of the partnership theme, and questions are raised as to whether and how the cultural change desired by government is to be progressed further.

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Reflections on the Roles of State and Occupational Pension Schemes in the United Kingdom

Transactions of the Faculty of Actuaries ◽

10.1017/s0071368600009526 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 533-594

Author(s):

A. J. Low ◽

P. E. Felton

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

White Paper ◽

The State ◽

Occupational Pension ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Pension Schemes ◽

State Pension ◽

The Cost

SynopsisThe paper considers the role which the State should play in the provision of pensions to the retired population. The role of occupational schemes is also considered with particular reference to the restrictions placed on that role by the authorities through the requirements for approval for tax purposes and the cost and level of State pensions. The main features of various State pension schemes which have been proposed in successive White Papers are discussed together with their shortcomings and advantages. The White Paper “Better Pensions” and its implications for the pensions industry are then considered in greater detail.

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Constitutional Crisis in the United Kingdom: Scotland and the Devolution Controversy

The Review of Politics ◽

10.1017/s0034670500032885 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 41-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Martin Meadows

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

White Paper ◽

Home Rule ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

The Subject ◽

The Government ◽

Constitutional Issue

The United Kingdom, already beleaguered in the mid-1970's by a number of serious problems—economic, social, political, diplomatic and even climatic—in addition has had to contend with a far-reaching constitutional crisis. Involving the subject of devolution of power (better known as home rule), it has been described as “the most crucial constitutional issue which has confronted the United Kingdom since it came into being.” The controversy over devolution has reached a new level of intensity since November, 1975, when the government, in an effort to resolve the dispute, published a White Paper entitled Our Changing Democracy: Devolution to Scotland and Wales. This article examines the following aspects of the devolution issue: its background, why it has emerged at this time, why the White Paper was issued, reasons for the hostile reaction to the White Paper, the prospects for parliamentary passage of devolution legislation, and the issue's political repercussions and implications, both domestic and international.

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Intellectual property and innovation: A comment on the United Kingdom white paper on patent law reform

World Patent Information ◽

10.1016/0172-2190(86)90026-8 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 193-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jeremy Phillips

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Intellectual Property ◽

White Paper ◽

Patent Law ◽

Law Reform ◽

The United Kingdom

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III.—A Mines Department for the United Kingdom

Geological Magazine ◽

10.1017/s0016756800193501 ◽

1919 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 16-18

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Mining Industry ◽

Mineral Resources ◽

White Paper ◽

Government Organization ◽

The Past ◽

The United Kingdom

The formation of a new Government organization to foster and promote the interests of the Mining Industry of the United Kingdom has been recently proposed in two distinct quarters. The Coal Conservation Committee of the Ministry of Reconstruction, which issued its report (Cd. 9084) early in the past year, recommended the establishment of a Ministry of Mines and Minerals, to be presided over by a Minister with a seat in Parliament; while in a report to the Minister of Munitions, issued as a white paper (Cd. 1984) on November 15, Sir Lionel Phillips, late Controller of the Department for the development of Mineral Resources in the United Kingdom, favours the setting up of a Mines Department, to be attached to one of the existing great Departments of State.

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