Prospects for Progressing Research through Partnership: Comment on Trends in the United Kingdom and the Technology Foresight Program

1996 ◽  
Vol 1565 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
Howard R. Kirby
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Technology Foresight ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Engineering And Technology

The mechanisms that have been developed in recent years in the United Kingdom to encourage partnerships in research among government, industry, and the research community in universities and elsewhere are reviewed. The influence of the 1993 White Paper on Science, Engineering, and Technology, the development of the recent technology foresight exercise, and the processes and outcomes of that exercise are reviewed. The implications for the transport sector and the treatment of issues generic to several sectors are summarized. Some anomalies are noted in the development of the partnership theme, and questions are raised as to whether and how the cultural change desired by government is to be progressed further.

Analysing Public Expenditure: (I) Planning, Control and Price

1981 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold Copeman
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Future Issue ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Policy Problem ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Cash Basis

ABSTRACTThis paper analyses the different cost bases in which public expenditure can be analysed as a policy problem related to the differing requirements of planning, authorising and controlling the various components of public expenditure. The analysis is applied to the United Kingdom, where in 1981 changes were announced in the method of making public expenditure decisions which had evolved over the previous two decades. The various components of public expenditure in the United Kingdom are described, and the decision-making process which led to the March 1981 Public Expenditure White Paper is outlined. The significance of the different price bases used in public expenditure (cash (at current or at expected prices), volume, cost, and constant) is then explored. The advantages and disadvantages for policy-makers of attempting to reduce the number of price bases used are analysed; it is shown that there is no cost-free route to reducing complexity. The significance of government's decision in 1981 to make greater use of the cash basis in decision-making is assessed. The analysis is applied specifically to the United Kingdom, but the issues raised are of policy relevance to the choice of price bases for public expenditure decision-making in any country in a time of inflation.(A second paper in a future issue of the Journal will examine the political purposes behind gross or net measurement, the earmaking of receipts, and the more precise relationships between figures used in the planning of public expenditure, in macro-economic analysis and forecasting and in Parliamentary and local control.)

III. British Plans

1945 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1137-1147
Author(s):  
W. Hardy Wickwar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
The United States ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Employment Policy ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Government

The United Kingdom has gone considerably farther than the United States in the acceptance of full employment as one of the prime aims of government policy. There is a widespread feeling that it may also have gone farther in devising governmental machinery for the realization of this aim. On both counts—the end and the means—the present trend in the United Kingdom merits attention in the United States and other countries.Official endorsement of full employment as a proper end for governmental policy dates back to 1944. The much-quoted white paper on Employment Policy was presented to Parliament by Lord Woolton, Minister of Reconstruction in the Churchill coalition, a few days before D-day. It began with the unequivocal statement: “The Government accept as one of their primary aims and responsibilities the maintenance of a high and stable level of employment after the war.” Shortly afterwards, at the conclusion of a three-day debate, the House of Commons passed a resolution moved by Laborite Ernest Bevin, then Minister of Labor and National Service, and supported on the side of the Conservatives by Sir John Anderson as Chancellor of the Exchequer: “That this House … welcomes the declaration of His Majesty's Government….” At no time later has this basic commitment been placed in doubt.Acceptance of full employment in business circles might be illustrated by a number of authoritative pronouncements made in the middle of the war. These include a pamphlet entitled The Problem of Unemployment, issued by Lever Brothers and Unilever Limited at the beginning of 1943. Here it was clearly argued that irregularity of capital investment was the principal cause of unemployment; that the profit motive had proved an insufficient guide in the extension of productive capacity; and that it was the task of government to regularize the incentive to investment by the use of indirect controls.

EU-UK free movement compromise will need flexibility

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Euro Area ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk ◽  
East West ◽  
The Eu

Significance The UK government says it is determined that free movement of people from the EU will end after Brexit. Impacts An upcoming immigration White Paper will provide greater clarity about the UK government’s approach. Proposals to reform the EU's Posted Workers Directive could trigger Eastern European opposition, deepening the east-west divide. Stricter post-Brexit UK immigration policies could lead to labour shortages and skills gaps in sectors such as agriculture and health. Improving euro-area economic prospects could encourage EU nationals living in the United Kingdom to return to the continent.

Finding Foreign Law Collections in the UK: the 2007 FLAG Update and Questions it Raises for Future Collection Development Policy in the UK

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-139 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Collection Development ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Foreign Law ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Key Questions

AbstractThe purpose of this article by Peter Clinch and Ruth Bird is to outline the latest findings from the recent review of foreign law holdings in the United Kingdom, and, in Part 4, to raise key questions relating to the future of these potentially endangered resources. The authors invite the legal research community to consider the many issues of concern raised by the results of this latest FLAG survey.

Energy Usage and Environmental Pollution in the United Kingdom: Which Sector Dominates?

1996 ◽  
Vol 210 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Darkwa ◽  
P W O'Callaghan
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
The Road ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
To Come

The trends of energy consumption and the sources of the associated emissions over the past two decades in the United Kingdom have been analysed. There are indications that the levels of emission of CO 2, NOx, CO, VOCs (volatile organic compounds) and black smoke are rising steadily as a result of energy consumption. The road transport sector emerges as the current overall major contributor of these pollutants and the likely candidate to remain as the fastest growing energy consumer and polluter for some years to come. With the current rate of increase in the number of motor cars, that is 3.9 per cent per annum, and the likely environmental consequences, immediate technological solutions to reduce transport pollution are strongly recommended.

scholarly journals The gender imbalance in academic medicine: a study of female authorship in the United Kingdom

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (8) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reena Sidhu ◽  
Praveen Rajashekhar ◽  
Victoria L Lavin ◽  
Joanne Parry ◽  
James Attwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
British Journal ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Publication Rates ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Engineering And Technology ◽  
Female Authorship ◽  
And Gender

Summary Objectives A shortfall exists of female doctors in senior academic posts in the United Kingdom. Career progression depends on measures of esteem, including publication in prestigious journals. This study investigates gender differences in first and senior authorship in six peer-reviewed British journals and factors that are associated with publication rates. Design and main outcome measures Data was collected on United Kingdom first and senior authors who had published in the British Medical Journal, Lancet, British Journal of Surgery, Gut, British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and the Archives of Diseases in Childhood. Authorship and gender were quantified for 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000 and 2004 ( n=6457). In addition, selected questions from the Athena Survey of Science Engineering and Technology (ASSET2006), web-based doctor's self-report of publications were also analysed ( n=1162). Results Female first authors increased from 10.5% in 1970 to 36.5% in 2004 (p<0.001) while female senior authors only increased from 12.3% to 16.5% (p=0.046). Within individual journals, the largest rise was in British Journal of Obstetric and Gynaecology with 4.5- and 3-fold increases for first and senior authors, respectively. In contrast, female senior authors marginally declined in Gut and Lancet by 2.8% and 2.2%, respectively. ASSET2006 identified that female respondents who were parents were less likely to have publications as sole (p=0.02) and joint authors (p<0.001) compared to male respondents. Female respondents with care responsibilities for parents/partner also had less publications as lead authors compared to those without carer responsibilities (p<0.001). Conclusion The increase in UK female first authors is encouraging. In contrast, there is considerable lag and in some specialties a decline in female senior authors. Factors that could narrow the gender gap in authorship should be sought and addressed.

Reflections on the Roles of State and Occupational Pension Schemes in the United Kingdom

1973 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 533-594
Author(s):  
A. J. Low ◽  
P. E. Felton
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
White Paper ◽  
The State ◽  
Occupational Pension ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Pension Schemes ◽  
State Pension ◽  
The Cost

SynopsisThe paper considers the role which the State should play in the provision of pensions to the retired population. The role of occupational schemes is also considered with particular reference to the restrictions placed on that role by the authorities through the requirements for approval for tax purposes and the cost and level of State pensions. The main features of various State pension schemes which have been proposed in successive White Papers are discussed together with their shortcomings and advantages. The White Paper “Better Pensions” and its implications for the pensions industry are then considered in greater detail.

scholarly journals Public-Private Partnerships In Spain: Lessons And Opportunities

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayle Allard ◽  
Amanda Trabant
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Third Way ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
History Of ◽  
Public And Private Sector

Public-Private Partnerships (PPP), a marriage between public- and private-sector activity, have been employed for almost two decades as a third way to optimize the use of public funds and boost the quality of services traditionally provided by the public sector. Their use has spread from the United Kingdom to Europe and beyond, and has expanded from the transport sector to innovative projects in health, education and others. In Spain, successive governments have seized on PPPs as a solution to budget constraints at a time of dwindling EU aid and stricter fiscal targets. As a result, the use of PPPs at all levels of government has exploded since 2003 and most recently culminated in a major infrastructure plan which relies on the private sector for 40% of its total investment. Undoubtedly, this trend will bring benefits to the Spanish population in terms of more abundant, lower-cost and higher-quality services. However, there are risks implicit in the way PPP is unfolding in Spain that could limit and even undo these benefits unless steps are taken to coordinate, monitor and follow up public-private projects and to communicate their virtues to the public. Spain presents an interesting paradox in the history of PPP. While it is one of Europes oldest, most active and most enthusiastic users of PPP, it is at the same time one of the countries that has demonstrated least interest at an official level in informing, monitoring, regulating and following up projects to ensure that their deepest benefits are being achieved. Relying on PPP only for private financing entails a risk that the benefits of PPP will not be realized and public services will actually become more expensive and less satisfactory over the medium and long term. The Spanish government is advised to take steps similar to those taken in the United Kingdom, to ensure that PPP is managed correctly and hence becomes an asset and not a liability to Spanish citizens.

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