MARKETS, MARKET FAILURE, STATE INTERVENTION AND STATE FAILURE

2021 ◽  
pp. 133-148
Keyword(s):  
Market Failure ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
State Failure ◽  
Failure State

scholarly journals Konsep dan Desain Negara Kesejahteraan (Welfare State)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Oman Sukmana
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Well Being ◽  
State Failure ◽  
Social Citizenship ◽  
The People ◽  
Failure State ◽  
Cash Benefits ◽  
Modern Mass

AbstrakNegara kesejahteraan (welfare state) dianggap sebagai jawaban yang paling tepat atas bentuk keterlibatan negara dalam memajukan kesejahteraan rakyat. Keyakinan ini diperkuat oleh munculnya kenyataan empiris mengenai kegagalan pasar (market failure) dan kegagalan negara (state failure) dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan rakyat. Menurut Goodin (1999; dalam Simarmata, 2008: 19) negara kesejahteraan sering diasosiasikan dengan proses distribusi sumber daya yang ada kepada publik, baik secara tunai maupun dalam bentuk tertentu (cash benefits or benefits in kind). Konsep kesejahteraan juga terkait erat dengan kebijakan sosial-ekonomi yang berupaya untuk mewujudkan kesejahteraan rakyat secara umum. Beberapa bidang yang paling mendesak untuk diperhatikan dalam kebijakan kesejahteraan adalah masalah pendidikan, kesehatan dan penyediaan lapangan kerja. Secara umum suatu negara bisa digolongkan sebagai negara kesejahteraan jika mempunyai empat pilar utamanya, yaitu: (1) social citizenship; (2) full democracy; (3) modern industrial relation systems; dan (4) rights to education and the expansion of modern mass educations systemsKata kunci : negara kesejahteraan, kegagalan pasar, kegagalan negara AbstractWelfare state is considered as the most appropriate response on the form of state involvement in advancing the welfare of the people. This belief was reinforced by the emergence of empirical facts about the failure of the market (market failure) and the failure of the state (state failure) in improving people's welfare. According to Goodin (1999; in Simarmata, 2008: 19) the welfare state is often associated with the distribution of existing resources to the public, either in cash or in the form of certain (cash benefits or benefits in kind). The concept of well-being are closely linked to socio-economic policy of working to realize the people's welfare in general. Some of the most urgent areas for attention in welfare policy is a matter of education, health and employment. In general, a country can be classified as a welfare state if it has four main pillars, namely: (1) social citizenship; (2) full democracy; (3) modern industrial relations systems; and (4) the rights to education and the expansion of modern mass Educations systems.Keywords : market failure, state failure, welfare state

Criticality, Empathy and Welfare in Educational Discourses

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. Varghese
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
Educational Processes ◽  
Post War

Criticality is the ability to question current theories and practices in any sector to make them more receptive to social realities. Empathy is the ability to identify with what someone else is thinking or feeling. Empathy forms the foundation for welfare state and its liberal social welfare programmes. The state-led development strategies during the post-war period stemmed from a belief in the idea of welfare state and in the redistribution of resources and opportunities in favour of the deprived groups. The market-led globalisation process has put brakes on the scope of welfare provisions even in democratic societies. The public-funded stimulus packages during the recent economic crisis helped save economies from market failure and reinforced the need for state intervention even for an efficient functioning of markets. Based on an analysis of global trends and Indian context, this paper argues for the need of the educational processes to develop criticality in thinking and empathy in action to help develop a support base for public policies benefiting the poor and the disadvantaged.

scholarly journals Os Objetivos do Direito da Concorrência em Face da Ordem Econômica Nacional

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Carlos Buchain
Keyword(s):  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Perfect Competition ◽  
Economic Order ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Free Enterprise ◽  
The World ◽  
Object Of Study

OS OBJETIVOS DO DIREITO DA CONCORRÊNCIA EM FACE DA ORDEM ECONÔMICA NACIONAL THE OBJECTIVES OF COMPETITION LAW REGARDING NATIONAL ECONOMIC ORDER Luiz Carlos Buchain RESUMO: A Constituição Federal brasileira, ao adotar o princípio da livre iniciativa para a Ordem Econômica, também acatou a liberdade de empresa como fundamento destinado a estabelecer a ampla concorrência de mercado entre agentes econômicos. Entretanto, como demonstra a história econômica, a liberdade econômica traz em si a concentração de poder econômico nas mãos de determinadas empresas (ou grupo). Tal concentração de poder é considerada uma das falhas de mercado porque possibilita ao seu detentor adotar determinados comportamentos prejudiciais à concorrência, os quais não seriam factíveis na ausência desse poder. Por isso mesmo, a concentração e o poder econômico passaram a ser objeto de estudos jurídicos e econômicos baseados na premissa de que a preservação da livre concorrência é um pressuposto ao desenvolvimento da economia e garantia da livre iniciativa. O direito econômico reconhece que a livre iniciativa, isoladamente considerada, não garante a manutenção da liberdade econômica ou o modelo de competição perfeita no mundo fático, ou seja, os modelos econômicos estão sujeitos a falhas estruturais cuja correção justifica a intervenção do Estado na economia. Neste artigo, abordamos as diversas correntes que defendem ou condenam a intervenção do estado na economia e sua regulação, em variados graus. A intervenção do Estado na economia tornou-se objeto de estudo e matéria legislativa em todo o mundo, seja na ordem legislativa interna, seja na esfera do direito público internacional, donde se destaca a Organização Mundial do Comércio – OMC e a Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico – OCDE. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Concorrência; Objetivos; Livre iniciativa; Regulação. ABSTRACT: The Brazilian Federal Constitution, once it adopted the principle of free enterprise for its economic order, also accepted the freedom to conduct a business as the basis for the establishment of the broader market competition among economic agents. However, as economic history shows, economic freedom brings with itself concentration of economic power in the hands of certain companies (or group of companies). Such a concentration of power is reputed a market failure derives because it enables such companies to adopt certain behaviors considered harmful to competition, which would not be feasible without such power. Therefore, concentration and economic power have become object of study of law and economics based on the premise that the preservation of free competition is an assumption for the economic development and guarantee of free enterprise. Economic law recognizes as a fact that free enterprise, taken in isolation, does not guarantee the sustenance of economic freedom or the model of perfect competition in the factual world; in other words, economic models are subject to structural failures whose correction justifies state intervention in economy. In this paper we discuss the various currents that advocate or condemn state intervention in the economy and its regulation, in varying degrees. State intervention in the economy has become the object of study and legislative matters in the world, whether in the internal legislative order or in the sphere of public international law, where stands the World Trade Organization – WTO and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development - OECD.KEYWORDS: Competition; Objectives; Free enterprise; Regulation. SUMÁRIO: Introdução. 1. O direito da concorrência e as políticas públicas. 1.1. Principais objetivos da política de concorrência. 1.2. Objetivos complementares da política de concorrência. 2. Interface entre política de concorrência e outras políticas públicas. 2.1. Possíveis conflitos entre múltiplos objetivos. 2.2. Instrumentos da política de concorrência. Considerações finais. Referências.

Fictional States & Atomized Public Spheres: A Non-Western Approach to Fragility

Daedalus ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 146 (4) ◽  
pp. 139-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Reno
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
State Failure ◽  
Authoritarian Rule ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Public Spheres ◽  
Protection Policy ◽  
Collapse State ◽  
Failure State ◽  
Sub Saharan

This essay explains why political order in some places gives way to especially persistent conflict and prolonged state institutional collapse. State failure is rooted in decades of personalist rule, as leaders have sought to fragment and disorganize institutions and social groups that they thought would be possible bases of opposition. This problem was considered particular to sub-Saharan Africa, but now parts of the Middle East and Central Asia exhibit this connection between a particular type of authoritarian rule and state failure. State failure in these countries produces multisided warfare that reflects the fragmentation upon which prewar regimes relied for their protection. Policy-makers are thus faced with the dilemma of propping up personalist regimes that present themselves as bulwarks against disorder at the same time that their domestic strategies of governance play a central role in creating the conditions of protracted multisided warfare in the event that they fail.

Market Failure and Government Failure

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mrinal Datta-Chaudhuri
Keyword(s):  
Market Failure ◽  
Free Market ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Government Failure ◽  
Economic Decisions ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
New Thinking ◽  
Threat Of Entry

For several decades a debate has been raging in development economics on the relative virtues of the free market as opposed to state intervention, with neither side convincing the other. While this sterile debate continues, experiences accumulated from research and action in the real world during the last 40 years have led to important new thinking on the roles of market and nonmarket institutions in the process of economic growth. The planned economies of the socialist world have learned that market institutions are not exclusive to the capitalist mode of production, and that the threat of entry and the fear of exit remain irreplaceable stimuli for cost and quality consciousness in production. Researchers in market economies have learned that price quotations on marketed commodities do not always carry sufficient information for economic decisions, and that institutions matter. This paper pieces together some lessons from the development experiences of the last four decades to enrich our understanding of the role of the state in the process of economic development.

Externalities as a basis for regulation: a philosophical view

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
RUTGER CLAASSEN
Keyword(s):  
Market Failure ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Harm Principle ◽  
Philosophical Perspective ◽  
The Us ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
Legitimate State ◽  
The Harm Principle

AbstractExternalities are an important concept in economic theories of market failure, aiming to justify state regulation of the economy. This paper explores the concept of externalities from a philosophical perspective. It criticizes the utilitarian nature of economic analyses of externalities, showing how they cannot take into account values like freedom and justice. It then develops the analogy between the concept of externalities and the ‘harm principle’ in political philosophy. It argues that the harm principle points to the need for a theory of basic interests to judge when a harm is imposed. Similarly, externality analyses should use such a theory of basic interests as the basis for judgments about legitimate state intervention. This proposal is defended against objections, and illustrated with a case study of the US Supreme Court's ruling on the Affordable Care Act, which shows how the judicial reasoning implicitly interprets externalities in terms of basic interests.

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