Child Protection, Residential Care and the ‘Gypsy-Question’ in Early State Socialist Hungary

2009 ◽  
pp. 149-160
Author(s):  
Eszter Varsa
Keyword(s):  
Residential Care ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Early State ◽  
State Socialist

“The Minor Would Hinder the Mother in Finding Employment:” Child Protection and Women’s Paid Work in Early State Socialist Hungary

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 818-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eszter Varsa
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Residential Care ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Early State ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Residential Care Institutions ◽  
State Socialist

This article discusses the role of child protection and residential care institutions in mediating the tension between women’s productive and reproductive responsibilities in early state socialist Hungary. At a time when increasing numbers of women entered paid work in the framework of catch-up industrialization but the socialization of care work was inadequate, these institutions substituted for missing public child care services. Relying on not only policy documents but more than six hundred children’s case files, including Romani children’s files, from three different locations in Hungary as well as interviews with former children’s home residents and personnel, the article examines the regulatory framework in which child protection institutions and caseworkers operated. It points to the differentiated forms of pressure these institutions exercised on Romani and non-Romani mothers to enter paid work between the late 1940s and the early 1950s from the intersectional perspective of gender and ethnicity. Showing that prejudice against “Gypsies” as work-shy persisted in child protection work across the systemic divide of the late 1940s, the article contributes to scholarship on state socialism and Stalinism that emphasizes the role of historical continuities. At the same time, reflecting on parental invention in using child protection as a form of child care, the article also complicates a simplistic social control approach to residential care institutions in Stalinist Hungary.

scholarly journals Young People’s Voice: The First Visiting Advocacy Project in Italian Residential Care for Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (15) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Valentina Calcaterra ◽  
Maria Luisa Raineri
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Residential Care ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Looked After Children ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Children’S Homes ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Listening Process

This article presents the research of the project Giving Young People a Voice: Advocacy in Children’s Homes, set up as a result of the interest of a nonprofit organization working with looked-after children, with an aim to improve advocacy as a listening process and to promote the participation of children that reside in children’s homes. The research focused on the implementation of a visiting advocacy project and the activities carried out by an independent advocate working in children’s homes. The children’s evaluation of the project was collected by two focus groups; interviews were conducted with social care workers and the manager of the organization. This research deals with the implementation of the first visiting advocacy project in the context of the Italian child protection system.

scholarly journals Attitudes and decision-making in the child protection system

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 2-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Delgado ◽  
Vânia S. Pinto ◽  
João M. S. Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Foster Care ◽  
Residential Care ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Rights Of The Child

In the contexts of family neglect or maltreatment, the State intervenes by safeguarding the development and well-being of the child or young person in danger. In more severe situations, the intervention may lead to the child’s removal from the family. The Portuguese Law on the Protection of Children and Young People in Danger (Law 142/2015 of September 8th) favours the placement of the child in a family environment, especially for children up to the age of six. Despite this, in Portugal, in 2015, 8 600 children were in out-of-home care, only 3.5% of which were placed in foster care, while the remaining children were in residential care. Therefore, one of the fundamental rights of the child – living in a family environment – is compromised in practice. This study aims to understand the decision-making process of 200 higher education students in domains related to child protection, and those of 200 professionals who are responsible for providing case assessments and recommendations for intervention in the Portuguese child protection system. Using the Child Welfare Attitudes Questionnaire (Davidson-Arad & Benbenishty, 2008, 2010), the study aimed to identify the participants’ attitudes regarding removal of at-risk children from home, reunification and optimal duration of alternative care, children’s and parents’ participation in the decision-making process, and assessment of foster care and residential care, with the purpose of promoting children’s development and well-being. We concluded that both sets of participants (professionals and students) can be divided in two groups, one which is pro-removal and the other, which is less so. In comparison with students, professionals less often favour the removal of the child and more often defend reunification. There are no significant differences among participants regarding their opinion about the role of foster and residential care, and the participation of the child in the decision-making process. However, professionals tend to support parents’ participation in the decision-making process more than students do. Finally, we present some implications of our findings for the practice of child protection.

Maltreatment and Delinquency: Examining the Contexts of Offending Amongst Child Protection-Involved Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 2191-2211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Baidawi ◽  
Rosemary Sheehan
Keyword(s):  
Residential Care ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Court Case ◽  
Criminal Courts ◽  
Youth Justice ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Case Files ◽  
Criminal Charges

Abstract Child protection-involved children experience disproportionately high criminal justice system contact, yet little is known about the circumstances in which such children offend. This study sought to identify the contexts in which this group of children offend and factors associated with children being charged in each context. A mixed-methods analysis of Children’s Court case files was conducted utilising a cross-sectional sample of 300 children who came before three Children’s Criminal Courts in Victoria, Australia, and who also had statutory Child Protection involvement. Three key contexts of offending were identified: adolescent family violence (AFV), residential care-based offending and group-based offending. A total of 33 per cent of children had engaged in AFV (23 per cent had AFV-related charges), 36 per cent of children ever placed in residential care acquired charges relating to their behaviour in these settings, while 44 per cent of children had engaged in group-based offending. More than one-third of children (38 per cent) also had criminal charges stemming from justice system interactions (e.g. resisting arrest). Children’s cumulative neurodevelopmental, mental health and substance abuse challenges correlated with offending in each context. Strategies to reduce youth justice contact amongst child protection-involved children should consider systems responses to AFV and behavioural challenges in residential care.

scholarly journals Child Protection Measures as a Legal Instrument for Child Protection at Tirana Municipality

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Anisa Subashi ◽  
Edit Bregu
Keyword(s):  
Residential Care ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Protection Measure ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Alternative Care ◽  
Safe Place ◽  
Legal Instrument ◽  
Residential Care Institutions ◽  
Individual Protection ◽  
The Individual

For Albanian institutions and society, application of the protection measures comes not only as an innovation in the field of child rights and protection but especially as a legal instrument that for the first time attains to put the highest interest of the child and to guarantee his/her protection in time and according to the simplified legal procedure. This paper presents types of protection measures, child characteristics for which these measures have been in place, analysis of the process starting with the identification and evaluation of the risk till in confirming of the protection measure from the Court as well as all the progress of implementation of the Individual Protection Plan. The paper offers an analysis of the demographic and analytic factors on the motives and cases where protection measures are applied. 74 measures analyzed are 74 children's’ life's where the protection system has intervened to stave off from the risk and offer the services in a safe place. In 36 of them is being realized specialized supervision in family environment where through the Individual Protection Plan, despite family services, specialized support from child protection unit is being more intensive in family. In absence of foster families, the protection measure for child placement in alternative care is applied in residential care institutions or at their relatives. For emergent protection cases, all 23 children are placed in residential care institutions for children; 8 cases taken under immediate protection and other 13 cases taken under protection and placed in alternative care actually are not leaving in street condition but placed in a safe place meanwhile that child protection structure continue with empowering plans for families aiming at returning of child close to biological families.   Received: 31 May 2021 / Accepted: 4 September 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021

The Psychosocial Process Underlying Residential Care Placement Decisions

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-172
Author(s):  
Leonor Bettencourt Rodrigues ◽  
Manuela Calheiros ◽  
Cícero Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Residential Care ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Placement Decisions ◽  
Placement Decision ◽  
Out Of Home Placement ◽  
Home Placement

Ecological models on decision-making in child protection determine how many different factors influence that process, starting with case-specific characteristics, organizational factors, and external factors, as well as decision-maker factors. However, how that psychosocial process occurs, how the decision-maker integrates those multiple factors from the decision-making ecology, is still empirically unclear. This chapter, first, reviews the state of the art in the study of caseworkers’ psychosocial process underlying the out-of-home placement decision. It summarizes cues from empirical studies sustaining the role played by caseworkers’ attitudes, social values, social norms, experience, emotions in out-of-home placement decisions. The authors, then, describe social psychology decision-making models and present the principal results of an empirically tested model of residential-care placement decision-making that, based on a dual version of the theory of planned behavior model, integrates those multiple psychosocial factors into the decision process. A structural equation modeling analysis revealed that the caseworker’s motivation (intention) to propose a residential care placement decision of a neglected child is highly explained by a positive evaluation of that behavior (Attitude), but also by significant others’ approval of that behavior (Subjective Norm) and by how much relevance the worker attributes to child’s interests and protection (Value of Child). Both theoretical and social policy implications are discussed.

COVID, Its Impact on the Mental Health of Caregivers in Childcare Institutions of South Asian Countries and Their Coping Techniques: Analysis of the Caregivers in Childcare Institutions Using Data from Seven South Asian Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-248
Author(s):  
Kiran Modi ◽  
Gurneet Kalra ◽  
Leena Prasad ◽  
Najeebullah Babrakzai
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Residential Care ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Professional Staff ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Using Data

Widely across the globe, COVID has placed massive strain on various parameters of life, including child protection, health, education and economic systems. Apart from these visible threats, this situation has an ongoing devastating impact on the mental health and psychological well-being of people. The word of the law enforces care and support for children with disadvantages, disabilities and vulnerabilities on caregivers, Managers and Staff, managing Alternative Care programmes, but the spirit of such child protection laws also underlines the importance of caring for caregivers, especially in childcare institutions (CCIs). The well-being of the caregivers is the cornerstone of every well-functioning childcare institution and other residential care spaces. This article is designed to document the mental health status of caregivers (residential staff staying with children), in residential care spaces in the COVID times and to determine how the new stresses impacted them and the coping patterns they acquired in current situation; across different countries of South Asia, including Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. This exploratory rapid assessment project aimed to reach out to the registered childcare homes/ institutions, across the South Asian region, with the help of different NGOs, as well as Government mechanisms. The data was collected through purposive sampling and analysed quantitatively where the sample included the selected caregivers of participating CCIs across these nations. This study aimed to synthesize the responses of caregivers across the region; develop an analysis, which may help authorities to rethink, reform and strengthen the current practices, in order to develop approach-centred strategies for improving the well-being of caregivers as this has a direct bearing on the well-being of children in their care. Since the start of the COVID pandemic, for the residential caregivers, the access to external resources, including physical support from professional staff, has become restricted to bare minimum, due to lockdown and quarantine measures. Any interventions to prevent, treat and mitigate the effects of COVID among caregivers needed to be taken at the ground level by the care team management.

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