Settlement evolution, cultural practices and the quality of rural development in SW Nigeria

Norman Uphoff, Milton J. Esman and Anirudh Krishna. Reasons for Success: Learning from Instructive Experiences in Rural Development. New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1998. Paperback. Indian Rs 250.00. 233 pages.

The Pakistan Development Review ◽

10.30541/v37i3pp.305-307 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 305-307

Author(s):

Afia Malik

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Economic Growth ◽

Rural Development ◽

Natural Resources ◽

New Delhi ◽

Rural Poor ◽

Neoclassical Model ◽

Rural People ◽

Small Holders

Given the demographic realities in the developing world, it is not possible to solve the problems of poverty in these countries following the neoclassical model of economic growth. Since the majority of people are ruralites in these countries, the focus should be on rural development directly rather than on waiting for the benefits to trickle down to the rural poor. What is needed is to improve the quality of life and productivity of the small-holders or landless whose livelihood is based on natural resources which are depleting and require urgent attention. More options should be available for the rural people in their own area.

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Current Status and Potential of RNA Interference for the Management of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus and Thrips Vectors

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10030320 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 320

Author(s):

Alexander Nilon ◽

Karl Robinson ◽

Hanu R. Pappu ◽

Neena Mitter

Keyword(s):

Rna Interference ◽

Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽

Cultural Practices ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Current Status ◽

Horticultural Crops ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽

Wilt Virus

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is the type member of the genus Orthotospovirus in the family Tospoviridae and order Bunyavirales. TSWV, transmitted by several species of thrips, causes significant disease losses to agronomic and horticultural crops worldwide, impacting both the yield and quality of the produce. Management strategies include growing virus-resistant cultivars, cultural practices, and managing thrips vectors through pesticide application. However, numerous studies have reported that TSWV isolates can overcome host-plant resistance, while thrips are developing resistance to pesticides that were once effective. RNA interference (RNAi) offers a means of host defence by using double-stranded (ds) RNA to initiate gene silencing against invading viruses. However, adoption of this approach requires production and use of transgenic plants and thus limits the practical application of RNAi against TSWV and other viruses. To fully utilize the potential of RNAi for virus management at the field level, new and novel approaches are needed. In this review, we summarize RNAi and highlight the potential of topical or exogenous application of RNAi triggers for managing TSWV and thrips vectors.

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Between-row spacing and local accession on the yield and quality of garlic

Comunicata Scientiae ◽

10.14295/cs.v7i1.865 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 112 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jamal-Ali Olfati ◽

Mohammad-Bagher Mahdieh-Najafabadi ◽

Mohammad Rabiee

Keyword(s):

Plant Density ◽

Cultural Practices ◽

Block Design ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Fresh Market ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

High Plant Density ◽

Plant Stand

Garlic is primarily grown for its cloves used mostly as a food flavoring condiment. Previous studies carried out on plant density indicate its direct influence on yield. Plant density depends on the genotype, environmental factors, cultural practices, etc. This study was established to determine the effects of different between-row spacing on growth, yield, and quality of four local accession of garlic. It was laid out on two-factorial Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications during two years. Four local accession of garlic (Langroud, Tarom, Tabriz and Hamedan) were culture in three between-rows spacing (15, 25 and 35 cm) during two years. The results of two cultivated years were different. Plant density changed when garlic cultured with different between row spacing. In present research plant yield increased when the lower between row spacing and high plant density were used but the yield improvement occurring at increased plant stand is offset by the reduction in bulb size and some quality indices such as total phenol and antioxidant which severely affects quality and market value, when garlic is produced for fresh market.

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Reflections on the use of subsidies received from the Agriculture and Rural Development Operational Programme and the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development in the micro-region Ibrány-Nagyhalász

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/50/2590 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 211-216

Author(s):

Csilla Nagy

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Rural Development ◽

Development Programme ◽

The European Union ◽

The Third ◽

Rural Development Programme ◽

The Future

Hungary’s accession to the European Union caused major changes in the country’s life. Rural development subsidies can be received through extensive application mechanisms. This is particularly challenging for lagging micro-regions. My study presents the lagging microregion of Ibrány-Nagyhalász, focusing on what types of organizations and upon what grounds received subsidies in the framework of the Agriculture and Rural Development Operational Programme 2004–2006 (AVOP). I focus on the same parameters when examining the measures in the third axis of the New Hungary Rural Development Programme 2007–2013 (ÚMVP), followed by a comparison between the two programmes’ effectiveness. I conclude that due to the experience collected throughout the period of AVOP, both the number and the quality of applications have risen from the year 2007. Still, due to the lack of competence, cooperation and motivation, the region's planned improvements are not yet fully met and the capabilities of the region are not yet fully exploited. For the future, even more complex and more feasible projects are needed.

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Organizational and economic potential of rural areas: indicative approach to management

Agrarian Bulletin of the ◽

10.32417/article_5daf430fb578d3.67431865 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 91-98

Author(s):

Александр Семин ◽

Aleksandr Semin ◽

Т. Бухтиярова ◽

T. Buhtiyarova ◽

Юлия Немыкина ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Rural Development ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Rural Economy ◽

Institutional Environment ◽

Economic Potential ◽

State Management ◽

Regulatory Processes ◽

Low Efficiency

Abstract. Introduction. Analytical study of the current state of rural areas allows us to identify a number of socio-economic problems: the low efficiency of the implementation of modern mechanisms and methods of state management of rural development, the lack of necessary methods to assess the effectiveness of their development. These problems dramatically increase the need to find approaches that can ensure the development of rural areas, vectors of sustainable development of agricultural enterprises of various forms of management. Qualitative improvement of the organizational and economic potential of rural development is objectively necessary in the overall system of solving the problems of management of spatial development of territories, the quality of life of the population. The purpose is to systematize features, conditions of formation of organizational and economic potential for development of vectors of improvement of management of social and economic development of rural territories. To achieve this goal, a list of the following tasks is defined: a review of a set of scientific approaches; determination of the directions of realization of possibilities of indicative approach in an assessment of efficiency; the organizational and economic mechanism of management of potential of rural territory. Methods. The paper uses generally recognized research methods: monographic review of various sources, abstract and logical generalization, economic and statistical, regulatory processes of formation and implementation of organizational and economic potential of rural areas. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the formulation and solution of the question of the need to determine and assess the quality characteristics of the potential of rural areas through the use of tools and mechanisms of an indicative approach. Results. An important condition for the implementation of an effective policy of organizational and economic potential of rural areas is a system of strategic measures and proposals to improve the competitiveness of the rural economy, improve the quality of life in rural areas. Management of rural development is based on the principles of regulation, the interaction of potential elements with the institutional environment. Summary. The monographic review of the literature allowed to systematize measures to improve the level of socio-economic stability; development of strategic programs for the development of rural areas with the definition of indicators of economic growth, indicators of improving the quality of life of the population; evaluation of options and opportunities for the transition to a new socio - economic situation of rural areas.

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Micro Finance in Manipur

Ushus - Journal of Business Management ◽

10.12725/ujbm.5.2 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 8-17

Author(s):

Robita S

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Rural Development ◽

Financial Institutions ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Rural Population ◽

Total Population ◽

Development Planning ◽

Rural People ◽

Self Reliance

Manipur lives in villages. The rural population contributes to about 76.12% of the total population. Enhancement in the quality of life of the economically weaker section of the society has been one of the basic objectives of development planning of the State. Rural development, by empowering the rural masses through economic self-reliance, is one of the priority areas of the Central and State Govts. To bring about development in rural areas, the govts. and banks/financial institutions have formulated various programmes and schemes. Micro Finance is one such scheme adopted for the development of rural people.

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Cultural Practices and Environment along the Bishnumati River in Kathmandu

Geographical Journal of Nepal ◽

10.3126/gjn.v7i0.17443 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 53-60

Author(s):

Shobha Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Human Activities ◽

Local Community ◽

Cultural Practices ◽

Household Survey ◽

Environmental Conservation ◽

Public Agencies ◽

River Stretch ◽

Environmentally Sensitive ◽

The City

The Bishnumati River is one of the major sources of water in Kathmandu city for domestic and agricultural uses. But the quality of the river environment has been degraded seriously since the last few years. This paper is an attempt to explore environmental condition along the Bishnumati River with specific focus on human activities, perception and institutional efforts in dealing with the river environment. Based on field observation, household survey, and key informant survey in eight segments along the river stretch from the city periphery to down town, the information acquired indicate that human activities related to environmentally sensitive phenomena were very much dominant in degrading the river environment. The local inhabitants were aware of the river environmental conservation. The local public agencies were however not seriousness in implementing the waste management activities, but instead they practiced environmentally sensitive activities at the riverbanks. Efforts at both local community and public agencies levels are most warranted to protect the Bishnumati river environment from further degradation. The Geographical Journal of Nepal, Vol. 7, 2009: 53-60

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Success or Waste of Taxpayer Money? Impact Assessment of Rural Development Programs in Hungary

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11072158 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 2158

Author(s):

Zoltán Bakucs ◽

Imre Fertő ◽

Zsófia Benedek

Keyword(s):

Rural Development ◽

Regional Development ◽

Development Policy ◽

Well Being ◽

Development Programs ◽

Perceived Quality Of Life ◽

Development Support ◽

Programming Period ◽

The Impact

The effectiveness of support directed to less developed regions is a timely question more than halfway through the 2014–2020 programming period. We present an analysis of the impact of rural development support on the well-being of Hungarian LAU1 regions between 2008 and 2013. The aim was to measure the overall impact of all of the Rural Development Funds, covering all measures within the program. Two indices of local well-being were used: the multi-dimensional, local-variables-based Regional Development Index that measures the overall level of regional development and a simple, migration-based index as a proxy for perceived quality of life. Generalized propensity score matching, and difference-in-differences estimation techniques were employed to evaluate the impact of subsidies. Irrespective of how the amount of support was calculated, the measure of local well-being, or the methodology employed, the impact was not significant, and was sometimes even negative. This casts doubt on the effectiveness of Rural Development Policy in Hungary.

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