scholarly journals Performance-Based Compensation and Firm Value—Experimental Evidence

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 777-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn M. Pfeiffer ◽  
Timothy W. Shields
Keyword(s):  
Private Information ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Equity Prices ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Compensation Plans ◽  
Price Reactions ◽  
Performance Based Compensation ◽  
The Impact

SYNOPSISWe study equity price reactions to compensation contracting in experimental markets. Motivated by research reporting positive price reactions to adoption of performance-based compensation plans for executive managers, but postulating competing reasons as to why, we design an experiment that allows us to manipulate variables separately to examine the effect of adverse selection and moral hazard on equity prices. We find that managers select contracts based on their private information, sometimes differing from predicted choices, and that private information is conveyed to the market by the choice of compensation contract and is reflected in stock prices. We refer to this as the sorting effect. Additionally, we find that managers do not always exert costly effort in spite of favorable incentives to do so. The design also allows us to assess if the market rationally prices managers' actual choices. We find market prices are consistent with the empirically observed manager choices. Our results imply that to properly assess the impact of compensation plan on market prices, the sorting, as well as the incentive effects of compensation contracts, should be considered, and that the market anticipates errors in managers' choices.JEL Classifications: C92; D82; G12; J33; M52.Data Availability: Available upon request.

Insider trading surrounding securities class action litigation and settlement announcements

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Davis ◽  
Behzad Taghipour ◽  
Thomas J. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Insider Trading ◽  
Private Information ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Class Action ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Trading Activity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sarbanes Oxley ◽  
Abnormal Profits ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the trading patterns of corporate insiders, both managing and non-managing, around the announcement dates of securities class action lawsuits and related legal settlements. Design/methodology/approach The authors use market model event study methodology to examine the impact of class action litigation and settlement announcements on the stock prices of sued firms. The authors then determine the extent of abnormal insider trading surrounding such announcements by comparing insider trading activity (volume and transaction counts) to prior insider trading in the same firm, and to a matched sample of firms not experiencing such litigation announcements. A multivariate framework is utilized to provide further insight into the determinants of such abnormal insider trading. Findings The authors establish that class action litigation and settlement announcements have a significant impact on the stock prices of sued firms, and that foreknowledge of these events appears to be used by insiders to earn abnormal profits. Moreover, results indicate that managing insiders exhibit higher opportunistic abnormal trading activity than non-managing insiders. Multivariate analysis shows that size, prior firm returns, and the implementation of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act are important determinants of such insider trading. Originality/value This appears to be the first paper to analyze insider trading surrounding class action settlement announcements, and raises concerns about the ethical conduct of certain insider groups while highlighting the importance of access to private information, even amongst insiders themselves.

scholarly journals Financial Literacy and Stock Price Informativeness: a Cross-Country Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Anita Todea
Keyword(s):  
Private Information ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Individual Investors ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Price Informativeness ◽  
Stock Price Informativeness ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper examines the impact of financial literacy on stock price informativeness in a sample of firms from 20 countries. Using four measures of stock price informativeness, we find a significant relationship between higher financial literacy and higher stock price informativeness. The individual investors’ contribution regarding the incorporation of specific information into stock prices includes private information also and not mere specific information in the general sense. Financial knowledge is the key element that helps individual investors to incorporate specific information into stock prices.

scholarly journals The Effect of Product-Harm Crises on the Financial Value of Firms under the Concept of Green Development

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Songsong Li ◽  
Yaopan Yang ◽  
Dong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Brand Equity ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Product Recalls ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Green Development ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact

Product-harm crises can trigger product recalls or product discards, which is very likely to cause secondary pollution to the environment. Also, these crises may harm customers’ health and threaten firms’ survival. To foster low-carbon economy and green development in such complex systems, this paper studies the internal mechanism of the product crisis and its impact on the firm value. It proposes a two-stage model to avoid the endogeneity of product-harm crises. In the first stage, this paper assesses the effect of firms’ leverage on their capacity to produce higher quality products. In the second stage, this paper conducts the impact of these crises on stock prices. Then, it depicts the financial effects of product-harm crises over time, and analyzes the differences of such effects based on brand equity. Results show that book leverage can positively impact firms’ capacity to produce high-quality products. In addition, the market’s response to product-harm crises is significant at 1% level, and with the increase in severity, the market reaction is more prominent. Furthermore, its negative effect is persistent for a firm experiencing a severe crisis. Luckily, brand equity can mitigate this negative impact. These findings provide some ways to improve product performance and firm value in the green context.

The impact of post-trade transparency on price efficiency and price discovery

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1062-1075
Author(s):  
Chiou-Fa Lin ◽  
Cheng-Huei Chiao ◽  
Bin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Private Information ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Price Discovery ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Price Efficiency ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of post-trade transparency on price efficiency and price discovery. Design/methodology/approach The authors use an exogeneous change in market transparency in the Taiwan Stock Exchange that mandates the disclosure of unexecuted orders of the five best bid and ask prices after each trade, and conduct an event study analysis. Findings After the change, price efficiency enhances for both large and small firms, although the impact on stock prices is greater when the firm is larger. The authors also find that post-change trading reveals more private information for large firms but more public information for small firms. The findings support the view that transparency has a positive impact on market quality. Originality/value The paper adds to a large body of literature investigating the relationship between transparency and market behavior, especially the ongoing debate about whether trading transparency positively affects price dynamics. The findings also have important policy implications for the regulators.

scholarly journals Culture and Stock Price Reaction to Private Information

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-130
Author(s):  
Anita Todea
Keyword(s):  
Private Information ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Financial Openness ◽  
Price Informativeness ◽  
Stock Price Reaction ◽  
Stock Price Informativeness ◽  
Developed Stock Markets ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Low Uncertainty

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of culture on stock price informativeness in a sample of firms from 23 developed stock markets. We find that the information content of private information in stock prices is higher in more individualistic countries and in low uncertainty-avoiding countries. Moreover, financial openness stimulates the incorporation of private information into individualistic countries and in low uncertainty-avoiding countries.

scholarly journals Does Adopting High-Standard Corporate Governance Increase Firm Value? An Empirical Analysis Of Canadian Companies

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Private Information ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
The United States ◽  
Shareholder Protection ◽  
Governance Practices ◽  
The Impact

Research on the impact of corporate governance on firm value has provided inconclusive results. The findings vary depending on the sample, country of study (regulation, law, shareholder protection, market development, etc.) and methodology employed. Many studies are unable to detect significant connection between corporate governance and firm value. Unlike the United States, Canada adopts a principles-based approach in corporate governance regulation. Canadian companies are required to disclose whether they comply with the corporate governance guidelines set up by authorities (such as the Toronto Stock Exchange) or explain deviations from the guidelines. Using panel data from 2004 to 2008 in Canada the empirical analyses in this paper show that the finding on the connection between corporate governance and firm value is sensitive to the methodology employed. Controlling relevant information is crucial to the results. When the data is analyzed in a self-selection framework, it is found that some time-varying unobservable firm characteristics that make firms adopt high-standard corporate governance also increase firm value, and somewhat surprisingly, adopting better corporate governance practices per se seems to decrease firm value. The results support the view that firms use sound corporate governance to signal their favorable private information.

COVID-19 Sentiments and Impact on Stock Market Prices

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-58
Author(s):  
Chandra Prayaga ◽  
Krishna Devulapalli ◽  
Lakshmi Prayaga ◽  
Aaron Wade
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Stock Market ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Multivariate Time Series ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Jones Index ◽  
Vector Error ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Stock Values

This paper studies the impact of sentiments expressed by tweets from Twitter on the stock market associated with COVID-19 during the critical period from December 1, 2019 to May 31, 2020. The stock prices of 30 companies on the Dow Jones Index were collected for this period. Twitter tweets were also collected, using the search phrases “COVID-19” and “Corona Virus” for the same period, and their sentiment scores were calculated. The three time series, open and close stock values, and the corresponding sentiment scores from tweets were sorted by date and combined. Multivariate time series models based on vector error correction (VEC) models were applied to this data. Forecasts for these 30 companies were made for the time series open, for the 30 days of June 2020, following the data collection period. Stock market data for the month of June was for all the companies was compared with the forecast from the model. These were found to be in excellent agreement, implying that sentiment had a significant impact or was significantly impacted by the stock market prices.

scholarly journals Mobile Payment Service and the Firm Value: Focusing on both Up- and Down-Stream Alliance

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Insung Son ◽  
Sihyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Stock Prices ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Credit Card ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Banking Business ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Apple Pay

The Fintech business, which was initially focused on the payment sector, is becoming a global issue due to the entry of nonfinancial firms into the banking business. With the advent of the “mobile age in your hand”, global ICT companies are actively entering the banking business through alliances and competitions with existing financial companies. Classifying the alliance companies of Apple Pay and Samsung Pay into the downstream alliance and the upstream alliance, this study analyzed the signaling effect of service opening and its impact on the firm value. To analyze the effect of a specific event on firm value, this study adopted the event study. Additionally, ordinary least squares regression analysis was carried out to examine the influence of up- and downstream alliance on the firm value. The result shows that Apple Pay’s service launch in the USA. has a positive impact on stock prices of up- and downstream alliance companies, providing new experience and satisfaction to users through active alliance with credit card companies. On the other hand, downstream alliance companies that showed a negative response to the launch of Korean services turned to a positive response to USA service launch because to the difference in the specificity of credit card penetration rate and the portion of premium smartphones. Analyzing the impact of the expansion of the service area toward the payment platform on the firm value, research results provide important implications for establishing technology management strategies to ensure the sustainability in rapidly changing technical advances by comparing the different market response of Apple Pay and Samsung Pay.

scholarly journals MANAGING CORPORATE LIQUIDITY: STRATEGIES AND PRICING IMPLICATIONS

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (03) ◽  
pp. 369-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
ATTAKRIT ASVANUNT ◽  
MARK BROADIE ◽  
SURESH SUNDARESAN
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Financial Distress ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Agency Costs ◽  
Equity Prices ◽  
Loan Commitments ◽  
Optimal Capital Structure ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Optimal Capital ◽  
The Impact

Defaults arising from illiquidity can lead to private workouts, formal bankruptcy proceedings or even liquidation. All these outcomes can result in deadweight losses. Corporate illiquidity in the presence of realistic capital market frictions can be managed by (a) equity dilution, (b) carrying positive cash balances, or (c) entering into loan commitments with a syndicate of lenders. An efficient way to manage illiquidity is to rely on mechanisms that transfer cash from "good states" into "bad states" (i.e., financial distress) without wasting liquidity in the process. In this paper, we first investigate the impact of costly equity dilution as a method to deal with illiquidity, and characterize its effects on corporate debt prices and optimal capital structure. We show that equity dilution produces lower firm value in general. Next, we consider two alternative mechanisms: cash balances and loan commitments. Abstracting from future investment opportunities and share re-purchases, which are strong reasons for corporate cash holdings, we show that carrying positive cash balances for managing illiquidity is in general inefficient relative to entering into loan commitments, since cash balances (a) may have agency costs, (b) reduce the riskiness of the firm thereby lowering the option value to default, (c) postpone or reduce dividends in good states, and (d) tend to inject liquidity in both good and bad states. Loan commitments, on the other hand, (a) reduce agency costs, and (b) permit injection of liquidity in bad states as and when needed. Then, we study the trade-offs between these alternative approaches to managing corporate illiquidity. We show that loan commitments can lead to an improvement in overall welfare and reduction in spreads on existing debt for a broad range of parameter values. We derive explicit pricing formulas for debt and equity prices. In addition, we characterize the optimal draw down strategy for loan commitments, and study its impact on optimal capital structure.

Can Social Media Interaction and Message Features Influence Nonprofessional Investors' Perceptions of Firms?

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Kipp ◽  
Yibo (James) Zhang ◽  
Amanuel F. Tadesse
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Nonprofessional Investors ◽  
Media Messages ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Media Interaction ◽  
Media Message ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT We investigate the impact of social media messages on nonprofessional investors' assessments of management credibility and firm value. In a between-participants experiment, we examine the joint effect of social media message vividness, valence, and micro-blogger influence on nonprofessional investors' assessments of management credibility and firm value. We find that when social media messages are pallid and negative (positive), high micro-blogger influence decreases (increases) nonprofessional investors' assessments of management credibility. In contrast, the effect is absent when messages are vivid. Further, we find that the effect of micro-blogger influence on nonprofessional investors' assessments of blogger credibility and management credibility is mediated by social media interactions. The assessment of management credibility, in turn, significantly impacts nonprofessional investors' firm valuation assessment. The results have implications for regulators (SEC 2013) that may wish to update their guidance to managers on how to monitor or even control nonprofessional investors' interaction on social media platforms. Data Availability: Contact the authors.

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