Satire or Fake News – A Hard-to-Spot Difference

The article presents the results of an empirical study based on data from a written exam among 85 second-year students of Journalism at the Faculty of Journalism and Mass Communication of the St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia. The study aims to illustrate the approaches and strategies used by students in dealing with a specific media message and, particularly, the possibility of satirical news-like texts to be perceived as fake news. Nearly 70% of the students defined a publication on a website called “No! News” as fake news, even though it is a well-known satirical website. The article discusses the students’ views on the concept of fake news, as well as differences between satire and fake news by making comparisons with existing research on the subject.

Impact of exposure to mass media on utilization modern contraceptive among adolescent married women in Ethiopia: evidence from Ethiopia demographic health survey 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> More than one billion of world population was adolescent age group. Adolescents are high risk of unwanted pregnancy related to pregnancy is preventable. This complication can be prevented by use of family planning method. One of the challenges to use family planning was lack of information about contraceptive. This study was investigated mass media impact on use of modern contraceptive among adolescent in Ethiopia, 2016 E. C.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This study conducted based on EDHS (Ethiopia demographic health survey) 2016 data which was cross-sectional study design. Sample size for this study was 588 adolescent married women that completed interview in EDHS 2016. Mass media impact on modern contraceptive use were analyzed using propensity score matching. Recursive biprobit probit model was used to determine factor associated with mass media exposure on modern contraceptive utilization.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In Ethiopia about 31.8% of adolescent married women currently used modern contraceptive. Expose to family planning message had 16.8%, 13.2%, 17% and 21.9% point higher modern contraceptive use than unexposed to mass media message. In this study significant factor affected modern contraceptive use included residence, wealth index, radio message, exposed to TV message, magazine message and exposure to mass media message family planning.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> This study shows magnitude of contraceptive utilization was low and it might be due to lack of information about family planning. Therefore, policy maker and concerned body should consider dissemination family of planning information by mass media.</p>

Specificity of Representation of Fake Information in Audiovisual Media Content

The situation of uncertainty, which became a consequence of the pandemic, forced the audience to actively interact with the media. This effect is especially noticeable in the field of video information. Because of this, the ability to check the quality of such information and to detect a video fake is especially in high demand. Meanwhile, the researchers' interest is focused primarily on the verbal component of media content. In our study, we are trying to fill this gap and concretize the models of generating video fakes, their types, and reasons for their appearance.Based on the analysis of fake audiovisual content distributed in the media sphere in 2020 we identify two models of its appearance - synchronous and asynchronous. In the first case, fake is a result of distorting the video and audio of the work. In the second case, only one of the rows broadcasts a false idea. The latter case is dangerous in that the series of works that do not contain false information inspires confidence in the audience and makes it accept the media message as a whole.Also, in the study, we single out the most common types of fakes based on such characteristics as the degree of information distortion, the degree of reliability of spatial and temporal characteristics, and the degree of reliability of the source. We determine the most frequent markers of fakes in video works, namely: distortion of the shooting angle, concealment of the staged nature of filming, the use of animation and animation technologies that imitate newsreel footage, placement of inaccurate infographics in video work, fake news announcement, and publication.Among the most common reasons for the formation of video fakes, we note the desire to increase ratings, discriminate against specific individuals or organizations, draw attention to a real problem, and to entertain the audience.In the analysis of fake as a global phenomenon using the example of deepfake technology, we show how it can be used in constructively and destructively and emphasize the importance of developing media education to neutralize the negative consequences of the spread of fakes.

THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON MILLENNIAL LIFE IN THE 21st CENTURY

In the 21st century, the sophistication of technology is increasing rapidly, without us realizing that social media is becoming our daily social needs. Social media poisons all people regardless of gender and sees age restrictions, from men and women and young children to adults. Social media is a place or place to socialize between one person and another through virtual without any time and distance restrictions. Socialization through virtual can be done in a media message, phone media, even virtual face-to-face that only requires an internet connection and tools such as gadgets, MacBooks, laptops, etc. Such sophistication has a significant influence on our lives. There are so many activities that we can do through social media, with easy access, so that anyone can use it. However, such sophistication makes parents neglect the development of their children. And reduce interaction or social activities in the community. Based on these problems, this study aims to provide information, understand further and answer questions regarding the definition of impact, the definition of social media, impact of social media throughout the 21st century, and proper use of social media. Such influences can be positive and negative influences. The method research used is descriptive qualitative with literature review analyzed from information 20 journal articles with a range of 2019-2021. The results of this study are the facts of the use and influence of social media that occur in today's life. This research has limitations, namely, only limited to the daily media use in Indonesia and the impact that arises.

Testing Social Media Water Conservation Messages that Convey Extension Evaluation Results

In this study, we tested frames Extension professionals could use to promote residential water conservation through social media. We randomly assigned Florida residents to view one of six visual messages with water conservation facts or stories and then measured willingness to engage with education programs and conservation behaviors. There were clear differences in message frame performance, but better performance was highly dependent on outcome metrics used. Therefore, we were unable to identify a preferred frame. These findings need to be further examined in an authentic social media environment to inform best practices in social media message framing for Extension professionals.

Clustering Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Practical Study

Our Solution for the Mentioned Problem Statement Comprised of Different Modules such as Alert &Notification Module, Real-Time Data Collection Module from Authenticated Source, Precaution Module to Define and Broadcast Protocol to Disaster Affected Areas, Social Media Message Circulation (SMMC) Module. IENS (Indian Early Notification System) has been designed by our team to Get & Fetch Notification System as soon as Disaster Stuck or Popped-Up (Introduce/Originated) and notifies as well as channelize Related Information via Different Social Media Official Platforms.

THE MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN POLITICAL DECISION-MAKING

The great role and the great importance that the media occupy nowadays is very clear to be noticed, it is one of the most important institutions, and one of the most important platforms that communicate its voice to people and it works to cultivate beliefs and ideas, and shape people's opinions about what is going on around them, and their perception of issues. Popularity of modern information in the transfer of modern ideas is a key factor that affect Related the country, and well prepared Related to scientific and technological progress to speed up the delivery of the media message. The importance of the media has increased in our era accordingly In sound, image and word, the development that took place in the media by relying on satellites and the industrial sector for radio and television broadcasting, which occurred in printing and electronic newspapers, distances were reduced between regions and eliminated the borders and separations between nations and peoples. The media has reached the peak of importance and danger at the same time, due to its great influence on Stirring up public opinion for or against what is happening in terms of developments or changes, and the amendment or incitement that occurs on the constants in social values, intellectual beliefs, religious approaches, and different concepts in the affairs of the Human life in various parts of the world reached by the media, as the media and its means have become leadinga major role in transmitting and disseminating information, describing events, and forming public opinion, and this role has grow In general, there are more typical ways with the advancement of science, the intertwining of its interests, and the important role of the media In the community, and the media through it can provide community members with the information they may have Become public opinion material.

Exploring the Relationship Between Exposure to Media Messages on Covid-19 and Compliance with Its Preventive Measures Among Residents of Delta State, Nigeria

The Covid-19 pandemic that started from Wuhan, China in 2019, has attracted significant scholarly input. Some scholars postulate that the media played a positive and negative role to control and prevent its spread. Nigeria is not left out of this as the pandemic is also prevalent in the country. Therefore, this study examines media coverage of the pandemic in Nigeria and the correlation between the messages and compliance with the pandemic preventive measures. We used the Agenda-Setting theory, which describes how the media brings up specific issues to public discourse and prioritise them above other matters, making the audience perceive some critical topics more than others. We used the survey method and questionnaire to gather the data and used descriptive and inferential statistics to analyse them. We found that the people had frequent exposure to media messages on Covid-19; despite the regular exposure, they complied partially with the Covid-19 preventive measures; there was a significant relationship between exposure to media message on Covid-19 and compliance with its preventive measures. Furthermore, the respondents had a high rating for the media coverage of the pandemic. We recommend that the public sustain the increased exposure of the media messages on Covid-19. Received: 27 February 2021 / Accepted: 6 April 2021 / Published: 10 May 2021

Developing Public Service Announcements to Help Prevent Suicide among Young People

Background: Suicide is the leading cause of death among young people in Australia. Media campaigns have the potential to reach a broad audience, change attitudes and behaviours, and, ultimately, help prevent suicide. Little is known about the type of content or format suicide prevention media message should take to help prevent suicide among young people. Objective: the objective of this study was to involve young people aged 18 to 24 years in developing three suicide prevention public service announcement (PSAs) targeting young people at risk of suicide appropriate for testing in a randomised controlled trial (RCT). Method: fifteen young people attended at least one of four workshops in Melbourne, Australia. The workshops focused on exploring the appropriateness of three key suicide prevention media PSAs: “Talk to someone”, “Find what works for you”, and “Life can get better”. Young people also provided input into message content, format, and design. Results: participants perceived that all three suicide prevention PSAs were useful and helpful. Participants were concerned that the PSAs may not be suitable for nonwestern cultural groups, could trivialise psychological suffering, and that the actions they promoted could seem distant or unattainable to young people at risk. The featuring of young people, especially young people with hopeful narratives of how they overcame a suicidal crisis, was considered to be an important characteristic of suicide prevention PSAs targeting young people. Conclusions: Developing suicide prevention PSAs with young people is rare but essential to better understand young people’s needs and improve the quality of suicide prevention media PSAs. Further research is needed to evaluate the impact of suicide prevention PSAs developed by young people, for young people.