scholarly journals The Robustness of Honesty Effects on Budget Proposals when the Superior has Rejection Authority

2014 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy D. Douthit ◽  
Douglas E. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Budgetary Slack ◽  
Participative Budgeting ◽  
Budget Request ◽  
Distributional Fairness

ABSTRACT Rankin, Schwartz, and Young (2008) find experimental evidence that manipulating whether the budget request of the subordinate requires a factual assertion has no effect on budgetary slack when the superior can reject the budget. This calls into question the role of honesty in participative budgeting settings. Using Rankin et al.'s (2008) manipulation to capture honesty effects, we examine the robustness of honesty effects on budget proposals when the superior has rejection authority in two experiments. In Experiment 1, we document that honesty has a strong effect on budgetary slack when the salience of distributional fairness is reduced by withholding the relative pay of the superior from the subordinate. In Experiment 2, we document that honesty continues to have a strong effect on budgetary slack when the salience of reciprocity is increased by giving the superior the ability to set the subordinate's salary. Thus, our evidence suggests that honesty effects on budget proposals are generally robust to giving the superior rejection authority. Our study helps explain prior experimental results and clarifies the role of honesty in participative budgeting settings. Data Availability: Experimental data are available from the authors upon request.

Convective Losses From Cavity Solar Receivers—Comparisons Between Analytical Predictions and Experimental Results

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Clausing
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Excellent Agreement ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Simple Analytical Model ◽  
Refined Model ◽  
Wall Area

Cavity solar receivers are generally believed to have higher thermal efficiencies than external receivers due to reduced losses. A simple analytical model was presented by the author which indicated that the ability to heat the air inside the cavity often controls the convective loss from cavity receivers. Thus, if the receiver contains a large amount of inactive hot wall area, it can experience a large convective loss. Excellent experimental data from a variety of cavity configurations and orientations have recently become available. These data provided a means of testing and refining the analytical model. In this manuscript, a brief description of the refined model is presented. Emphasis is placed on using available experimental evidence to substantiate the hypothesized mechanisms and assumptions. Detailed comparisons are given between analytical predictions and experimental results. Excellent agreement is obtained, and the important mechanisms are more clearly delineated.

scholarly journals Presupposition projection from disjunction is symmetric

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 556
Author(s):  
Alexandros Kalomoiros ◽  
Florian Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Linear Order ◽  
The Other ◽  
Presupposition Projection ◽  
Asymmetry Effects ◽  
Theoretical Question ◽  
Present Experimental Evidence

The role of linear order for presupposition projection is a key theoretical question, but the empirical status of (a-)symmetries in projection from various connectives remains controversial. We present experimental evidence that presupposition projection from disjunction is symmetric. 'Bathroom disjunctions', where either disjunct seems able to support a presupposition in the other if its negation entails it, have been argued to be evidence for symmetric projection; but there are alternative theoretical options. Adapting the paradigm of Mandelkern et al. (2020) for projection from conjunction, our experimental data supports the view that we are dealing with genuinely symmetric projection from disjunction. This contrasts with Mandelkern et al.'s findings for asymmetric projection from conjunction, and thus provides evidence for variation in projection (a-)symmetry across connectives, contra accounts proposing general accounts predicting uniform asymmetry effects due to left-to-right processing (e.g. Schlenker 2009).

Quality of Refractory Materials in the Technological Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 2026-2030
Author(s):  
Marek Šolc ◽  
Štefan Markulik ◽  
Eva Grambalová
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Maximum Concentration ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Refractory Materials ◽  
Processing Data

In addressing issues related to technology or quality refractory products are among the supporting documents experimental results of the tests. These more or less extensive data sets characterize with some precision observed phenomenon, e.g. some physical or chemical quantity. The role of statistical processing of data from this perspective, the maximum concentration sometimes extremely abundant, but few clear set of experimental data and determine the "seriousness" of this file. When processing data it is to be noted that these characteristics are not fully observed variable, but only a selected part.

Paradigm uniformity bias in the learning of Korean verbal inflections

Phonology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-575
Author(s):  
Youngah Do
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Korean Children ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Paradigm Uniformity

This study explores the role of paradigm uniformity bias in the acquisition of Korean verbal inflections. Paradigm uniformity bias has been proposed in a constraint-based phonological framework, but has rarely been supported by experimental data. This paper provides experimental evidence for paradigm uniformity bias from four- to seven-year-old Korean children learning their native language phonology. Experiment 1 demonstrates that children alter morphological structures in order to produce non-alternating verb forms. Experiment 2 shows that the tendency to adjust morphological structures is rooted in children's preference for uniform paradigms, not in their ignorance of alternations. The results suggest that paradigm uniformity bias plays a role in determining children's preferred production patterns, which favour non-alternating forms even after they have acquired adult-like knowledge of the patterns of alternations.

Speak Up or Shut Up? The Moderating Role of Credibility on Auditor Remedial Defense Tactics

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Grenier ◽  
Bradley Pomeroy ◽  
Andrew Reffett
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Audit Failure ◽  
Perceived Credibility ◽  
National Office ◽  
Speak Up ◽  
Moderating Role

SUMMARY In cases of alleged audit failure, auditors can make general statements regarding the quality of their work, or other statements intended to decrease juror assessments of auditor negligence. In this study, we examine how the perceived credibility of these remedial defense tactics moderates their effect on juror assessments of auditor negligence in cases of undetected fraud. We predict and find experimental evidence that remedial tactics result in lower negligence assessments when such tactics are perceived to be credible, but “backfire” (i.e., result in higher negligence assessments) when perceived as not credible. We also predict and find that credibility is compromised either when client importance is high, or when a remedial tactic is implemented by an audit firm's local (as opposed to national) office. As such, we find that remedial tactics result in lower negligence assessments when client importance is low and the tactics are implemented by a firm's national office, but result in higher negligence assessments when client importance is high, irrespective of the tactic's source (local versus national). Data Availability: Available upon request.

Transport and fluctuations in nonlinear-dissipative systems: role of interparticle collisions

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 31-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Katilius ◽  
A. Matulionis ◽  
R. Raguotis ◽  
I. Matulionienė
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Carrier Density ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Dissipative Systems ◽  
Doped Semiconductors ◽  
Electron Diffusion ◽  
Electron Collisions ◽  
Electric Noise ◽  
Diffusion Phenomena

The goal of the paper is to overview contemporary theoretical and experimental research of the microwave electric noise and fluctuations of hot carriers in semiconductors, revealing sensitivity of the noise spectra to non-linearity in the applied electric field strength and, especially, in the carrier density. During the last years, investigation of electronic noise and electron diffusion phenomena in doped semiconductors was in a rapid progress. By combining analytic and Monte Carlo methods as well as the available experimental results on noise, it became possible to obtain the electron diffusion coefficients in the range of electric fields where inter-electron collisions are important and Price’s relation is not necessarily valid. Correspondingly, a special attention to the role of inter-electron collisions and of the non-linearity in the carrier density while shaping electric noise and diffusion phenomena in the non-equilibrium states will be paid. The basic and up-to-date information will be presented on methods and advances in this contemporary field - the field in which methods of non-linear analytic and computational analysis are indispensable while seeking coherent understanding and interpretation of experimental results.

TESTING GOAL-DRIVEN CAPTURE BY THREAT

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Robert Harrison Brown
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Attentional Capture ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Contingent Capture ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Affective Stimuli ◽  
Clinical Disorders ◽  
Positive Stimuli

Attention has long been characterised within prominent models as reflecting a competition between goal-driven and stimulus-driven processes. It remains unclear, however, how involuntary attentional capture by affective stimuli, such as threat-laden content, fits into such models. While such effects were traditionally held to reflect stimulus-driven processes, recent research has increasingly implicated a critical role of goal-driven processes. Here we test an alternative goal-driven account of involuntary attentional capture by threat, using an experimental manipulation of goal-driven attention. To this end we combined the classic ‘contingent capture’ and ‘emotion-induced blink’ (EIB) paradigms in an RSVP task with both positive or threatening target search goals. Across six experiments, positive and threat distractors were presented in peripheral, parafoveal, and central locations. Across all distractor locations, we found that involuntary attentional capture by irrelevant threatening distractors could be induced via the adoption of a search goal for a threatening category; adopting a goal for a positive category conversely led to capture only by positive stimuli. Our findings provide direct experimental evidence for a causal role of voluntary goals in involuntary capture by irrelevant threat stimuli, and hence demonstrate the plausibility of a top-down account of this phenomenon. We discuss the implications of these findings in relation to current cognitive models of attention and clinical disorders.

РОЛЬ ФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ РАЗМИНКИ В ПОДГОТОВКЕ К ТРЕНИРОВОЧНЫМ ЗАНЯТИЯМ И СОРЕВНОВАНИЯМ ШАХМАТИСТОВ БГУ

2019 ◽  
pp. 63-65
Author(s):  
Судоргин Е.П. ◽  
Карсакова И.Н.
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
Methods Of Evaluation ◽  
Mental Fitness ◽  
Physical Preparation ◽  
Tools And Methods

Аннотация: О роли разминки перед тренировкой и соревнованиями написано много научных статьей и диссертаций. Ещё больше о значимости физической подготовки спортсменов, в том числе и шахматистов. В то же время авторы считают, что вопросу физической подготовки шахматистов и в частности разминке в научной и научно-методической литературе уделяется недостаточно внимания. В своей статье авторы приводят собственные экспериментальные данные о влиянии физических упражнений (разминки) на умственную работоспособность студентов-шахматистов БГУ и как следствие на спортивные результаты команды. Ключевые слова: Шахматы, разминка, умственная работоспособность, средства и методы разминки, методы оценки результатов. Аннотация: Машыгуунун жана мелдештердин алдында даярдоонун ролу жөнүндө көптөгөн илимий макала жана диссертация жазылган. Ошондой эле илимий жана илимий-методикалык адабияттарда шахматка даярдоого көп көңүл бурулбай жатат. Макаланын авторлору шахмат ойногон студенттерге физикалык көнүгүүлөрдүн тийгизген таасири жөнүндө өздөрүнүн эксперименталдык маалыматтарын көргөзүштү. Түйүндүү сөздөр: Шахмат, акыл-дарамет, курулуштар жана ыкмалар, баа берүү жыйынтыгы боюнча кабыл алынат. Abstract: on the role of warm-up before training and competitions written many scientific articles and theses. More about the significance of the physical preparation of athletes, including players. At the same time, the authors believe that the issue of fit- ness players and in particular workout in scientific and scientific-methodical literature neglected. In his article the authors cite their own experimental data on the influence of physical exercises (warm-up) on the mental fitness of students-BSU players and as a result the sport performance team. Keywords: chess, warm-up, mental fitness, workout tools and methods, methods of evaluation results.

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