scholarly journals Presupposition projection from disjunction is symmetric

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 556
Author(s):  
Alexandros Kalomoiros ◽  
Florian Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Linear Order ◽  
The Other ◽  
Presupposition Projection ◽  
Asymmetry Effects ◽  
Theoretical Question ◽  
Present Experimental Evidence

The role of linear order for presupposition projection is a key theoretical question, but the empirical status of (a-)symmetries in projection from various connectives remains controversial. We present experimental evidence that presupposition projection from disjunction is symmetric. 'Bathroom disjunctions', where either disjunct seems able to support a presupposition in the other if its negation entails it, have been argued to be evidence for symmetric projection; but there are alternative theoretical options. Adapting the paradigm of Mandelkern et al. (2020) for projection from conjunction, our experimental data supports the view that we are dealing with genuinely symmetric projection from disjunction. This contrasts with Mandelkern et al.'s findings for asymmetric projection from conjunction, and thus provides evidence for variation in projection (a-)symmetry across connectives, contra accounts proposing general accounts predicting uniform asymmetry effects due to left-to-right processing (e.g. Schlenker 2009).

Phonotactic c(l)ues to Bantu noun class disambiguation

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Braver ◽  
Wm. G. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bantu Language ◽  
Noun Classes ◽  
Noun Class ◽  
Present Experimental Evidence

AbstractWhile a number of phonologists assume that phonotactics can provide clues to abstract morphological information, this possibility has largely gone unconsidered in work on Bantu noun classes. We present experimental evidence from isiXhosa (a Bantu language of the Nguni family, from South Africa), showing that speakers make use of root phonotactics when assigning noun classes to nonce words. Nouns in Xhosa bear class-indicating prefixes, but some of these prefixes are homophonous – and therefore ambiguous. Our findings show that when speakers are presented with words that have prefixes ambiguous between two classes, phonotactic factors can condition them to treat the nouns as one class or the other. This suggests that noun class (and other abstract morphological information) is not only stored in the lexicon, but is also redundantly indicated by phonotactic clues.

scholarly journals Narcissism and Defending Self-Esteem. An Exploratory Study based on Self-characterizations

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Guido Veronese ◽  
Rossella Procaccia ◽  
Giovanni M. Ruggiero ◽  
Sandra Sassaroli ◽  
Marco Castiglioni
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Structural Analogy ◽  
Threats To Self

The present qualitative study aims at investigating the role of socio-relational variables in the construction of threats to self-esteem, grandiosity, and relaxation in a non-clinical sample of 35 young university students. The work provides fresh experimental evidence of the structural analogy observed in clinical settings between constructions of threat to self-esteem and grandiose fantasies. We hypothesize that the relational dimension would be more strongly present than either biological or psychological dimensions.The results show that descriptions of relaxation differ significantly from their characterizations of the other two domains. Specifically we found greater continuity and narrative connection between the aspects of threat and grandiosity, while the domain of relaxation showed a more “isolated” pattern.

scholarly journals Computational Modelling of Glucose Uptake in the Enterocyte

Physiome ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Afshar ◽  
Soroush Safaei ◽  
David Nickerson ◽  
Peter J. Hunter ◽  
Vinod Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Composite Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter ◽  
Protein Models

We describe an implemented model of glucose absorption in the enterocyte, as previously published by Afshar et al. (2019), The model used mechanistic descriptions of all the responsible transporters and was built in the CellML framework. It was validated against published experimental data and implemented in a modular structure which allows each individual transporter to be edited independently from the other transport protein models. The composite model was then used to study the role of the sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT1) and the glucose transporter type 2 (GLUT2), along with the requirement for the existence of the apical Glut2 transporter, especially in the presence of high luminal glucose loads, in order to enhance the absorption. Here we demonstrate the reproduction of the figures in the original paper by using the associated model. EDITOR'S NOTE (v3): Instructions within the manuscript changed, in order to properly execute the model files. Spelling of author's name corrected in filenames. (v4): Abstract fixes.

scholarly journals Computational Modelling of Glucose Uptake in the Enterocyte

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Afshar ◽  
Soroush Safaei ◽  
David Nickerson ◽  
Peter J. Hunter ◽  
Vinod Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Composite Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter ◽  
Protein Models

We describe an implemented model of glucose absorption in the enterocyte, as previously published by Afshar et al. Afshar et al. (2019), The model used mechanistic descriptions of all the responsible transporters and was built in the CellML framework. It was validated against published experimental data and implemented in a modular structure which allows each individual transporter to be edited independently from the other transport protein models. The composite model was then used to study the role of the sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT1) and the glucose transporter type 2 (GLUT2), along with the requirement for the existence of the apical Glut2 transporter, especially in the presence of high luminal glucose loads, in order to enhance the absorption. Here we demonstrate the reproduction of the figures in the original paper by using the associated model.

scholarly journals QUESTIONS AND PROSPECTS IN QUARKONIUM POLARIZATION MEASUREMENTS FROM PROTON–PROTON TO NUCLEUS–NUCLEUS COLLISIONS

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (23) ◽  
pp. 1230022 ◽  
Author(s):  
PIETRO FACCIOLI
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Quark Gluon Plasma ◽  
Gluon Plasma ◽  
The Other ◽  
Proton Antiproton ◽  
Proton Proton ◽  
Experimental Knowledge ◽  
Polarization Measurements ◽  
Systematic Effects

Polarization measurements are the best instrument to understand how quark and antiquark combine into the different quarkonium states, but no model has so far succeeded in explaining the measured J/ψ and ϒ polarizations. On the other hand, the experimental data in proton–antiproton and proton–nucleus collisions are inconsistent, incomplete and ambiguous. New analyses will have to properly address often underestimated issues: the existence of azimuthal anisotropies, the dependence on the reference frame, the influence of the experimental acceptance on the comparison with other measurements and with theory. Additionally, a recently developed frame-invariant formalism will provide an alternative and often more immediate physical viewpoint and, at the same time, will help probing systematic effects due to experimental biases. The role of feed-down decays from heavier states, a crucial missing piece in the current experimental knowledge, will have to be investigated. Ultimately, quarkonium polarization measurements will also offer new possibilities in the study of the properties of the quark–gluon plasma.

Criminogenic Effects of the Prison Environment on Inmate Behavior: Some Experimental Evidence

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott D. Camp ◽  
Gerald G. Gaes
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Institutional Misconduct ◽  
One Step ◽  
Prison Environment ◽  
Step Down ◽  
Level I ◽  
Male Inmates

The current study analyzed a subset of the experimental data collected by Berk, Ladd, Graziano, and Baek (2003) to test whether different intensities of incarceration make inmates more criminal while incarcerated. There were 561 male inmates whose equivalent classification scores indicated they had the same level of risk to commit institutional misconduct at the time they were incarcerated. One half of these inmates were sent to the lowest security-level prisons in California, and the other one half were sent to prisons one step down from the highest security level in California. If prisons are criminogenic, then the probability of misconduct should vary with the security level to which the inmates were assigned. Instead, inmates were equally likely to commit misconduct in prison regardless of whether they were assigned to a Level I (lowest security level) or a Level III prison.

The natural occurring Y129F polymorphism in Rhizopus oryzae (R. arrhizus) Cyp51Ap accounts for its intrinsic voriconazole resistance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiana Macedo ◽  
Florencia Leonardelli ◽  
Matias S Cabeza ◽  
Soledad Gamarra ◽  
Guillermo Garcia-Effron
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
The Other ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Fluconazole Resistance ◽  
Resistance Phenotype ◽  
Naturally Occurring

Abstract Rhizopus oryzae (heterotypic synonym: R. arrhizus) intrinsic voriconazole and fluconazole resistance has been linked to its CYP51A gene. However, the amino acid residues involved in this phenotype have not yet been established. A comparison between R. oryzae and Aspergillus fumigatus Cyp51Ap sequences showed differences in several amino acid residues. Some of them were already linked with voriconazole resistance in A. fumigatus. The objective of this work was to analyze the role of two natural polymorphisms in the intrinsic voriconazole resistance phenotype of R. oryzae (Y129F and T290A, equivalent to Y121F and T289A seen in triazole-resistant A. fumigatus). We have generated A. fumigatus chimeric strains harboring different R. oryzae CYP51A genes (wild-type and mutants). These mutant R. oryzae CYP51A genes were designed to carry nucleotide changes that produce mutations at Cyp51Ap residues 129 and 290 (emulating the Cyp51Ap protein of azole susceptible A. fumigatus). Antifungal susceptibilities were evaluated for all the obtained mutants. The polymorphism T290A (alone or in combination with Y129F) had no impact on triazole MIC. On the other hand, a > 8-fold decrease in voriconazole MICs was observed in A. fumigatus chimeric strains harboring the RoCYP51Ap-F129Y. This phenotype supports the assumption that the naturally occurring polymorphism Y129F at R. oryzae Cyp51Ap is responsible for its voriconazole resistance phenotype. In addition, these chimeric mutants were posaconazole hypersusceptible. Thus, our experimental data demonstrate that the RoCYP51Ap-F129 residue strongly impacts VRC susceptibility and that it would be related with posaconazole-RoCYP51Ap interaction. Lay summary Rhizopus oryzae is intrinsically resistant to voriconazole, a commonly used antifungal agent. In this work, we analyze the role of two natural polymorphisms present in the target of azole drugs. We established that F129 residue is responsible of the intrinsic voriconazole resistance in this species.

Paradigm uniformity bias in the learning of Korean verbal inflections

Phonology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-575
Author(s):  
Youngah Do
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Korean Children ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Paradigm Uniformity

This study explores the role of paradigm uniformity bias in the acquisition of Korean verbal inflections. Paradigm uniformity bias has been proposed in a constraint-based phonological framework, but has rarely been supported by experimental data. This paper provides experimental evidence for paradigm uniformity bias from four- to seven-year-old Korean children learning their native language phonology. Experiment 1 demonstrates that children alter morphological structures in order to produce non-alternating verb forms. Experiment 2 shows that the tendency to adjust morphological structures is rooted in children's preference for uniform paradigms, not in their ignorance of alternations. The results suggest that paradigm uniformity bias plays a role in determining children's preferred production patterns, which favour non-alternating forms even after they have acquired adult-like knowledge of the patterns of alternations.

scholarly journals The Robustness of Honesty Effects on Budget Proposals when the Superior has Rejection Authority

2014 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy D. Douthit ◽  
Douglas E. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Budgetary Slack ◽  
Participative Budgeting ◽  
Budget Request ◽  
Distributional Fairness

ABSTRACT Rankin, Schwartz, and Young (2008) find experimental evidence that manipulating whether the budget request of the subordinate requires a factual assertion has no effect on budgetary slack when the superior can reject the budget. This calls into question the role of honesty in participative budgeting settings. Using Rankin et al.'s (2008) manipulation to capture honesty effects, we examine the robustness of honesty effects on budget proposals when the superior has rejection authority in two experiments. In Experiment 1, we document that honesty has a strong effect on budgetary slack when the salience of distributional fairness is reduced by withholding the relative pay of the superior from the subordinate. In Experiment 2, we document that honesty continues to have a strong effect on budgetary slack when the salience of reciprocity is increased by giving the superior the ability to set the subordinate's salary. Thus, our evidence suggests that honesty effects on budget proposals are generally robust to giving the superior rejection authority. Our study helps explain prior experimental results and clarifies the role of honesty in participative budgeting settings. Data Availability: Experimental data are available from the authors upon request.

Locus of Control and the Acknowledgment of Effort

2021 ◽  
pp. 000276422199675
Author(s):  
Fernando Aguiar ◽  
María Álvarez ◽  
Luis Miller
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Internal Locus Of Control ◽  
Real Effort ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Present Experimental Evidence

What individual characteristics predict inequality acceptance? Previous literature has focused on economic and sociological determinants of accepting inequalities. Here, we present experimental evidence of one individual correlate of inequality acceptance: the personality trait known as locus of control. In our study, inequality is induced experimentally through the exogenous assignment to one of two experimental treatments. In one treatment, initial inequalities depend on individual performance in a previous real-effort task, that is, they are earned through effort, while in the other they are randomly determined. We report that people who show an internal locus of control (the belief that life’s outcomes are under one’s control) are significantly more likely to accept both arbitrary and effort-based inequalities, although they accept the latter more often.

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