Earnings Quality of Foreign versus U.S. Reverse Mergers: Geographical Location or Firm-Level Incentives?

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chu Chen ◽  
Giorgio Gotti ◽  
Don Herrmann ◽  
Kathryn Schumann
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Audit Quality ◽  
Earnings Quality ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Business Press ◽  
Reverse Mergers ◽  
Big 4 ◽  
Reverse Merger

ABSTRACT We test whether geographical location, audit quality, and equity offering play a role in the earnings quality of reverse merger (RM) firms. We provide evidence that, contrary to the popular focus on foreign reverse mergers by the business press, earnings management is equally likely in both U.S. and foreign RM companies. We find that firm characteristics are more indicative of the likelihood to manage earnings than geographical location. The presence of a Big 4 auditor for RM firms is associated with higher earnings quality and a survival rate almost twice as high in comparison to RM firms audited by a non-Big 4 auditor. Moreover, we find that while earnings management is a common practice at all RM firms, it is especially pervasive for RM firms that are issuing new equity after the reverse merger.

Audit Quality of Chinese ADR Engagements

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aloke (Al) Ghosh ◽  
Elisabeth Peltier ◽  
Cunyu Xing
Keyword(s):  
Audit Quality ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
American Depositary Receipts ◽  
Reverse Mergers ◽  
Chinese Companies ◽  
Big 4 ◽  
Depositary Receipts

SYNOPSIS The controversy over Chinese reverse mergers has led to concerns about the audit quality of all U.S.-listed Chinese companies. Because a sizeable number of foreign firms cross-list their shares as American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) issued by U.S. depositary banks (as opposed to direct listings), we study how auditors have managed their audits of Chinese ADRs. Our motivation for examining Chinese ADRs is based on the findings that cross-listing via the ADR process is beneficial for U.S. shareholders. We find that relative to ADRs from countries other than China, and relative to directly listed Chinese companies, Chinese ADRs are more likely to be associated with a Big 4 auditor and are less likely to restate prior-period financial statements. We also find that Chinese ADRs pay significantly higher fees than other emerging market ADRs and Chinese direct-listings. Collectively, these results suggest high audit quality for Chinese ADRs, which is in sharp contrast to the Chinese direct-listing results. Using Tobin's Q as a measure of market value, we find that the stock market rewards Chinese ADRs, indicating that investors incorporate the benefits of higher audit quality when evaluating Chinese ADRs.

scholarly journals KUALITAS LABA ATAS INTENSITAS KECURANGAN AKUNTANSI DAN MANAJEMEN LABA AKRUAL TERHADAP AGRESIVITAS PAJAK

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-208
Author(s):  
Rahmat Irawan ◽  
Syahril Djaddang
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Audit Quality ◽  
Earnings Quality ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Accounting Fraud ◽  
Tax Aggressiveness ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to examine the effect of accounting fraud intensity and accrual earnings management on tax aggressiveness and test earnings quality and audit quality on the accounting fraud intensity and accrual earnings management on tax aggressiveness. The testing method in this study uses multiple regression analysis. Through purposive sampling, the sample in this study amounted to 65. The data testing used structural equation model. The test results show that the intensity of accounting fraud affects tax aggressiveness, Accrual earnings management affects the tax aggressiveness, The quality of earnings strengthens the effect of accounting fraud and accrual earnings management on tax aggressiveness and Audit quality does not moderate the relationship between accounting fraud intensity and accrual earnings management with tax aggressiveness.

scholarly journals Hubungan Managerial Entrenchment dan Kualitas Audit dengan Kualitas Laba

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Nibras Anny Khabibah
Keyword(s):  
Audit Quality ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Earnings Quality ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Managerial Entrenchment ◽  
Big 4 ◽  
Ceo Tenure ◽  
The Relationship

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan managerial entrenchment, kualitas audit, dan kualitas laba. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan 76 sampel perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI dari tahun 2016-2018 (228 observasi). Managerial entrenchment diukur dengan lamanya CEO menduduki posisinya (CEO tenure), kualitas audit diukur dengan status KAP sebagai KAP big 4 atau bukan, sedangkan kualitas laba diidentifikasi dengan akrual diskresioner yang dimiliki oleh perusahaan. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan variabel kontrol yang terdiri dari leverage, ukuran perusahaan, dan profitabilitas perusahaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa managerial entrenchment perusahaan manufaktur di Indonesia pada tahun penelitian dilakukan tidak berhubungan dengan kualitas laba, sebaliknya kualitas audit terbukti dapat meningkatkan kualitas laba perusahaan. Selanjutnya, dari ketiga varibel kontrol yang digunakan, hanya profitabilitas yang terbukti berhubungan dengan kualitas laba.   Kata kunci: managerial entrenchment, kualitas audit, kualitas laba     Abstract: This study aims to identify the relationship between managerial entrenchment, audit quality, and earnings quality. This research was conducted using 76 samples of manufacturing companies listed in the Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2016-2018 (228 observations). Managerial entrenchment is measured by the length of CEO occupying his position (CEO tenure), Audit quality is measured by KAP status as big 4 or not, while earnings quality is identified by companies’ discretionary accruals. This study also uses a control variable consisting of leverage, company size, and company profitability. The results showed that the managerial entrenchment of manufacturing companies in Indonesia in the year of the study was not related to earnings quality, on the contrary audit quality was proven to be able to improve the earnings quality of the company. Furthermore, from the three control variables used, only profitability has been proven to be related to earnings quality.   Keywords: managerial entrechment, audit quality, earnings quality

scholarly journals Non-Executive Chairman, Audit Quality and Earnings Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Aditi Shams
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Executive Director ◽  
Audit Quality ◽  
Earnings Quality ◽  
Governance Mechanism ◽  
Jones Model ◽  
Corporate Governance Mechanism ◽  
Total Accrual

The purpose of this paper is twofold, first, it examines the association of non-executive chairman and the quality of financial earnings and second, it examines the role of audit quality and non-executive chairman in earnings quality. This paper uses the modified jones model and the performance adjusted modified Jones model considering two cash flow methods of total accrual and perform regression analysis on the energy sector firms from the year 2010-2012. The study result does not find any significant association of earnings management and non-executive director and audit quality in the Australian context. This finding raises concerns regarding the effectiveness of such a corporate governance mechanism to maximize monitoring over the operation of the firm.

scholarly journals Earnings management motives and firm value following mandatory IFRS adoption – evidence from Canadian companies

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Leung
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Earnings Quality ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Accounting Quality ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Protection Mechanism ◽  
Ifrs Adoption ◽  
Legal Enforcement

When Canada already has a set of well- established legal enforcement and investor protection mechanism to control earnings management; and the quality of Canadian GAAP is high, I examine if the accounting quality for Canada can still be improved since its adoption of IFRS mandatorily in 2011. The extant literature argues that IFRS adoption benefits firms domiciled in countries with strong legal and financial institutions. However, when the quality of IFRS is as good as the local standards for many Anglo-Saxon countries such as Canada, it is questionable for these countries to receive substantial economic consequences. Following the literature, I estimate a set of comprehensive measurements of earnings management as the proxies of accounting quality. Empirically, I document evidence that even though the results are mixed, there are still certain significant improvements in accounting quality. However, I find that firms issuing more equities are motivated to associate with lower earnings quality. Also, firms engaging in two distinct strategic directions (prospector vs. defender) have systemically dissimilar effects on earnings quality in IFRS adoption. Finally, I document evidence that firm value following IFRS adoption has been increased, but at the expense of lower accounting quality. Overall, my study shed some lights into the literature that accounting standards per se is not sufficient to ensure a uniform-level of accounting quality because firm-level earnings management motives are important factors too.

scholarly journals DIVIDEND POLICY, CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND EARNINGS QUALITY: A CASE OF NON-FINANCIAL LISTED FIRMS OF PAKISTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-530
Author(s):  
Tehmina Afzal ◽  
Atif Atique Siddiqui ◽  
Shiraz Khan ◽  
Muhammad Kamran Khan ◽  
Nader Huseen
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Earnings Management ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
Dividend Policy ◽  
Audit Quality ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Earnings Quality ◽  
Earning Quality ◽  
The Impact

Purpose of the study: This research empirically examined the impact of the dividend policy and corporate governance attributes (board size, board meetings, audit quality, nomination committee, board independence, remuneration committee, and CEO duality) on earnings quality (EQ) of the firms in Pakistan. Methodology: The study used secondary data of 148 non-financial listed companies of the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) with 1450 firm-year observations over 10 years from 2010 to 2019. Earning quality was assessed by the earnings management, while the values of the discretionary accruals were used to measure earnings management by employing the Modified jones model (1995). Panel regression analysis examined the impact of independent variables (dividend policy & characteristics of CG) on the dependent variable (EQ). Main Findings: Results revealed that the dividend policy showed no significant impact on earnings quality. Also, the results indicated that the audit quality and remuneration committee have a significant negative impact on earning management and a positive impact on earning quality. However, the results illustrate that the large board size, board meetings, CEO duality, firm size, and leverage have a positive influence on earnings management and a negative impact on earnings quality. Overall the study found that the corporate governance characteristics, firm size, and leverage influence the earnings quality of the firms in Pakistan. Applications of this study: The empirical results of the study will help to improve the understanding of dividend policy & corporate governance attributes in relationship with the EQ. Second, as dividend is considered one of the most important factors influencing investment decisions, so this endeavour will clarify to the investors and regulators that whether dividend will predict the quality of earnings in Pakistani firms. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study extends the literature of earnings quality that is very thin in Pakistan.

scholarly journals Kualitas Laba: Implikasi dari Pengaruh Tenure Terhadap Kualitas Audit

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
Rini Indriani ◽  
Apteerizko Dwi Kusumaputra
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Audit Quality ◽  
Earnings Quality ◽  
Quality Measure ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Quality Audit ◽  
A Company ◽  
Intervening Variables ◽  
Simultaneous Influence

This study aims to determine whether the effect of tenure on earnings quality with quality audits are used as intervening variables. The existence of inconsistencies in the results of previous studies on the effect of tenure on audit quality such as Myers et al (2003), Manry et al (2008), Carey and Simnett (2006), Wibowo and Rossieta (2009) led to re-examined this issue to see the effect of tenure on audit quality. In addition, this study also looked at the effects of indirect and direct influence of tenure on earnings quality and tenure through a quality audit of the quality of earnings that will be the test whether the simultaneous influence. Tenure in this study are calculated by looking at how many years the KAP to audit a company, while the audit quality measure using current accruals and earnings quality measure using earnings management. Observational data in this study is a manufacturing company of the year 2006-2010 in accordance with predetermined criteria. The results of this study indicate that significant tenure was positively related to audit quality, tenure can be affected indirectly through a quality audit of the quality of earnings, and tenure through the quality audit can simultaneously affect the quality of earnings.Keywords: Tenure, Quality Audit, Quality of Earnings

scholarly journals Does industry expertise at engagement partner and audit firm level matter in emerging market? Evidence from Indonesia

Accounting ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 951-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonius Herusetya ◽  
Meiliana Jaunanda
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Audit Quality ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Industry Specialization ◽  
Audit Opinion ◽  
Audit Firm

This study investigates the association of industry specialization at the engagement partner level and audit firm level with aggressive earnings management and modified audit opinion. The study employs a sample of 570 firm-year observations of manufacturing industries on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2014 to 2018 using a binary logistic regression model. First, this study finds no evidence of a relationship between industry specialization at the engagement partner level and audit firm level with aggressive discretionary accruals. Furthermore, the author finds evidence of a positive association between industry specialization at the audit firm level and aggressive real earnings management due to high audit quality. Finally, the study finds evidence that industry specialization at audit firm level is likely to issue modified audit opinion. This study contributes to the study of industry specialization at the engagement partner level and audit firm level, which is rarely performed in Indonesia. Policy makers and capital market players might learn some lessons from the audit quality of external auditors with industry specialists as the gatekeeper of the capital market. Moreover, this study has provided a valuable perspective to practitioners, researchers, and policy makers in other emerging markets regarding the quality of industry specialization at the partner and audit firm level.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity in earnings quality between different classes of companies after IFRS adoption: evidence from Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (73) ◽  
pp. 113-131
Author(s):  
Roberto Black ◽  
Sílvio Hiroshi Nakao
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Value Relevance ◽  
Earnings Quality ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Accounting Earnings ◽  
Ifrs Adoption ◽  
Before And After

ABSTRACT This paper aims to investigate the existence of heterogeneity in earnings quality between different classes of companies after the adoption of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). IFRS adoption is generally associated with an increase in the quality of financial statements. However, companies within the same country are likely to have different economic incentives regarding the disclosure of information. Thus, treating companies equally, without considering the related economic incentives, could contaminate earnings quality investigations. The case of Brazil is analyzed, which is a country classified as code-law, in which tax laws determined accounting practice and in which IFRS adoption is mandatory. First, Brazilian companies listed on the São Paulo Stock, Commodities, and Futures Exchange (BM&FBOVESPA) were separated into two classes: companies issuing American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) before IFRS adoption and companies that did not issue ADRs until the adoption of IFRS. Then, this second class of companies was grouped, using cluster analysis, into two different subclasses according to economic incentives. Based on the groups identified, the quality of accounting earnings is tested for each class of the companies before and after IFRS adoption. This paper uses timely recognition of economic events, value relevance of net income, and earnings management as proxies for the quality of accounting earnings. The results indicate that a particular class of companies began showing conditional conservatism, value relevance of net income, and lower earnings management after IFRS adoption. On the other hand, these results were not found for the two other classes of companies.

scholarly journals Goodwill And Goodwill Write-Downs: Their Effects On Earnings Quality For 2008 And 2009

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Don E. Giacomino ◽  
Michael D. Akers
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Earnings Quality ◽  
Pension Plan ◽  
Expected Returns ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Big Bath

This paper examines goodwill on corporate balance sheets.  Specifically, the paper measures the extent to which goodwill exists on corporate balance sheets and the degree of goodwill write-downs that have occurred recently.   We report on our study and a study by Intangible Business, which show that many firms carry substantial amounts of goodwill on their 2008 balance sheets.  Thus, because of the recent downturn in the economy and the markets, the potential for big bath earnings management for 2008 and 2009 exists.   In addition, because of reductions in expected returns on pension plan assets, many firms are likely to record much higher pension expenses.   We expect that the combination of goodwill impairments and increased pension expense will have significant effects on both the amount and the quality of earnings for 2008 and, possibly, 2009.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document