scholarly journals The Use of Inter-Fund Transfers to Manage the “Bottom Line” in the Municipal Context

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Felix
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Line ◽  
General Fund ◽  
Financial Position ◽  
Fund Balance ◽  
Form Of Government ◽  
Managed Change ◽  
Jel Classifications

ABSTRACT This study examines whether municipalities use inter-fund transfers to manage the general fund. Since the general fund is a municipality's largest fund, its financial position often reflects that of the whole municipality. Results indicate that transfers are used to manage the general fund toward zero. In particular, the tendency to use transfers to manage the general fund does not differ between general funds that had a positive and negative pre-managed change in fund balance, suggesting the incentive to report neither surplus nor deficit exists. Results also reveal that the practice of using transfers to manage the general fund toward zero is more substantial in municipalities with greater external oversight from citizens, creditors, state and federal granting agencies, and employees, as well as in municipalities with a strong-mayor form of government. JEL Classifications: H71; H72; M48; M41; G39

scholarly journals Establishing Theoretical Perspectives: The Significant Influence of Downsizing as an Implemented Strategy on Survivors’ Motivation

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansour Alshrif Al-Hammali ◽  
Nasser Ahmed Nasser Habtoor ◽  
Mohamed Mihlar Abdul Muthaliff
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Financial Position ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
High Motivation

Downsizing is a business strategyimplementedto improve an organizations’ financial position by a reduction and reorganization of the workforce. Often survivors after downsizing are not given much attention, yet the achievement of new strategic goals depends on the survivors having positive attitudes, relentless commitment and high motivation. The purpose of this paper was to describe how downsizing influences the motivation of the remaining employees from theoretical perspectives. Research indicates that employees who are motivated and committed contribute vastly to the financial-bottom-line of the organization. Therefore, downsizing organizations should continuously search for ways to increase such qualities among their survivors. 

Balanced Budget Requirements Revisited

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 635-672
Author(s):  
Sharon N. Kioko ◽  
Michelle L. Lofton
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
General Fund ◽  
Fund Balance ◽  
Fund Balances ◽  
Balanced Budget ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Balanced Budget Requirements

We test the effect of balanced budget requirements (BBRs) on budget outcomes using data published in audited financial statements. With a focus on the General Fund, we find states frequently reported deficits in their adopted budgets and relied on sizeable and favorable expenditure variances to close budget gaps before the end of the budget period. Empirical analysis shows that technical or strict BBRs procedures did not increase the likelihood that a state would report a balanced budget. We corroborate our findings using fund balance data. If technical or strict BBRs are effective, states would report higher fund balances, all else equal. Results show that states that adopted political BBRs reported lower fund balances. More importantly, the adoption of strict or technical BBRs did not lead to higher fund balances.

Local option sales taxes and county rainy day funds

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helisse Levine ◽  
Marc Fudge ◽  
Geoffrey Propheter
Keyword(s):  
Selection Bias ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Fiscal Stress ◽  
General Fund ◽  
Sales Taxes ◽  
Fund Balance ◽  
Correction Technique ◽  
Local Option ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Positive Effect

Rainy day stabilization funds (RDSFs) and local option sales taxes (LOSTs) are two strategies local governments deploy to combat fiscal stress. While the literature on both is robust, it has thus far failed to consider empirically that the two may be connected. One way the marginal LOST dollar could be spent is by saving it for future use. We test the connection with a sample of 414 counties and correct for selection bias with the Heckman correction technique. We find that each $10 increase in LOST revenue per capita is associated with a $0.10 increase in undesignated general fund balance. Though small, the positive effect size supports the theory that LOSTs contribute to a greater propensity to save.

scholarly journals Laporan Keuangan Masjid Berdasarkan Kombinasi PSAK Nomor 45 dan PSAK Nomor 109 (Studi Kasus Pada Masjid XYZ)

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Dewi Yibta Nariasih ◽  
Taufik Kurrohman ◽  
Andriana Andriana
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Cash Flow ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Financial Report ◽  
Financial Position ◽  
Fund Balance ◽  
Triangulation Method ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Cash Flow Statement

This research aims to know the financial statements have been drawn up by the institutions of the mosque especially XYZmosque for later comparison with the PSAK Number 45 and PSAK Number 109 and solved into the financial statements basedon the combination of PSAK Number 45 and PSAK Number 109. The Type of this research is a qualitative descriptive by usingprimary and secondary data collected by using the techniques of observation, interviews, and documentation. In this researchthe author did data analysis by collecting, reduction, and serves data to be drawn a conclusion. The validity of data waschecked using the triangulation method. The results of this research are the financial statements have been prepared by XYZmosque are still not in accordance with the PSAK Number 45 and or PSAK Number 109. Financial report compiled by XYZmosque still in the form of a simple cash book. The combination is done by compiling financial position reports and activityreports based on PSAK Number 45 in which account assets neto was changed to fund balance, asset-run changes report basedon PSAK Number 109, and the cash flow statement and the notes of financial statements based on PSAK Number 45.

Bottom Line: A Back-pocket Boon When Insurers Balk

ASHA Leader ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-22
Author(s):  
Janet McCarty
Keyword(s):  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Bottom Line

ASHA documents can help you help clients win insurance coverage for certain voice treatments.

Bottom Line: Who Pays the Bill for Early Intervention Services?

ASHA Leader ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Janet McCarty ◽  
Laurie Havens
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Infants And Toddlers ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Early Intervention Services ◽  
Intervention Services

Medicaid, federal education funds and private insurance all cover the costs of speech-language and hearing services for infants and toddlers. Learn who pays for what.

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