scholarly journals Response to the GASB Invitation to Comment on Financial Reporting Model Improvements—Governmental Funds (Project No. 3-25I)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dara Marshall ◽  
Mary L. Fischer ◽  
Renee Flasher ◽  
Amy Foshee Holmes ◽  
Carol M. Jessup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Time Dimension ◽  
Operating Cycle ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Governmental Accounting ◽  
Term Model ◽  
Near Term ◽  
One Year

ABSTRACT The Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) has been actively engaged in the process of making improvements to the financial reporting model to provide more useful information to the users of the financial reports of governmental entities. The GASB proposed three recognition approaches to replace the current financial resources reporting model for governmental funds. The three approaches vary along a time dimension. The “near-term” model is the most similar to the current model with a specified reporting period of 60–90 days. A “short-term” model extends the transaction reporting to be the government's one-year operating cycle. Finally, a “long-term” model would report both current and noncurrent assets and liabilities for governmental funds. Data Availability: Details regarding the GASB project can be found on its website at: https://www.gasb.org/jsp/GASB/Document_C/GASBDocumentPage?cid=1176168729663&acceptedDisclaimer=true.

Interim Reporting Frequency and the Mispricing of Accruals

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-47
Author(s):  
Shou-Min Tsao ◽  
Hsueh-Tien Lu ◽  
Edmund C. Keung
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Regulatory Changes ◽  
Sample Composition ◽  
Reporting Frequency ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Jel Classifications ◽  
Accrual Mispricing

SYNOPSIS This study examines the association between mandatory financial reporting frequency and the accrual anomaly. Based on regulatory changes in reporting frequency requirements in Taiwan, we divide our sample period into three reporting regimes: a semiannual reporting regime from 1982 to 1985, a quarterly reporting regime from 1986 to 1987, and a monthly reporting regime (both quarterly financial reports and monthly revenue disclosure) from 1988 to 1993. We find that although both switches (from the semiannual reporting regime to the quarterly reporting regime and from the quarterly reporting regime to the monthly reporting regime) hasten the dissemination of the information contained in annual accruals into stock prices and reduce annual accrual mispricing, the switch to monthly reporting has a lesser effect. Our results are robust to controlling for risk factors, transaction costs, and potential changes in accrual, cash flow persistence, and sample composition over time. These results imply that more frequent reporting is one possible mechanism to reduce accrual mispricing. JEL Classifications: G14; L51; M41; M48. Data Availability: Data are available from sources identified in the paper.

Does Investment-Related Pressure Lead to Misreporting? An Analysis of Reporting Following M&A Transactions

2012 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 839-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Bens ◽  
Theodore H. Goodman ◽  
Monica Neamtiu
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
The Public ◽  
Announcement Returns ◽  
Reporting Decisions ◽  
The Face ◽  
Near Term

ABSTRACT This study examines whether managers alter their financial reporting decisions in the face of investment-related pressure. We define investment-related pressure as the increased pressure managers feel to retain their job following an M&A poorly received by the market. We hypothesize that managers attempt to assuage pressure by delivering strong performance post-merger, creating incentives for misreporting. Our findings indicate that acquirers with more negative M&A announcement returns are more likely to misstate financial statements in the post-investment period and the issuance of misstated financials mitigates this pressure, at least in the near term. Our study contributes to the literature on the relation between corporate investing and financial reporting by showing how investment-related pressure leads to misreporting, even in a setting where the costs (e.g., greater probability of detection) are high. Our study also has implications for the large body of research that evaluates various consequences of M&As using post-merger performance. Specifically, researchers should be careful to distinguish real from misstated financial performance in the post-investment period. Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources indicated in the text.

Is Earnings Quality Associated with Corporate Social Responsibility?

2012 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 761-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongtae Kim ◽  
Myung Seok Park ◽  
Benson Wier
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Earnings Management ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Top Executives ◽  
Accruals Quality ◽  
Corporate Social

ABSTRACT This study examines whether socially responsible firms behave differently from other firms in their financial reporting. Specifically, we question whether firms that exhibit corporate social responsibility (CSR) also behave in a responsible manner to constrain earnings management, thereby delivering more transparent and reliable financial information to investors as compared to firms that do not meet the same social criteria. We find that socially responsible firms are less likely (1) to manage earnings through discretionary accruals, (2) to manipulate real operating activities, and (3) to be the subject of SEC investigations, as evidenced by Accounting and Auditing Enforcement Releases against top executives. Our results are robust to (1) controlling for various incentives for CSR and earnings management, (2) considering various CSR dimensions and components, and (3) using alternative proxies for CSR and accruals quality. To the extent that we control for the potential effects of reputation and financial performance, our findings suggest that ethical concerns are likely to drive managers to produce high-quality financial reports. Data Availability: Data used in this study are available from public sources identified in the study.

scholarly journals The Recent Reform of Spanish Local Governmental Accounting: A Critical Perspective from Local Governmental Accountants As Internal Users Of Budgeting And Financial Accounting Information.

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-476
Author(s):  
Jose Manuel Vela-Bargues ◽  
Rosa María Dasí-González ◽  
Amparo Gimeno-Ruíz
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Governmental Accounting ◽  
Government Accounting ◽  
Recent Reform

Local Government Accounting and Financial Reporting in Spain has been recently reformed by the new Accounting Instructions published in 2103 and in force since the 1st of January 2015. Once the financial reports corresponding to 2016 fiscal year have been published, the main purpose of this paper is to empirically evaluate, the perceptions and opinions that local governmental accountants have about the recent reform. Our analysis has found a clear gap between the aims of the reform and the opinion of local governmental accountants, who consider the system too complex and clearly biased towards financial accounting information.

scholarly journals The Strange Case of Inventories In Italy. For The Tax Authorities, The Final Inventories of One Year Are The Opening Inventories of The Following Year. Still, The Opening Inventories of One Year Are Not The Final Inventories of The Previous Year. Mystery.......

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (07) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Silvia Avi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Business Economics ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Financial Report ◽  
Opposite Case ◽  
The Past ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
One Year

The principle of continuity in financial reporting is a fundamental element in the preparation of financial reporting. The final amounts of a financial report are, by definition, the opening amounts of the following year. Of course, the reverse is also true. The opening values of one year represent the closing values of the previous year. In Italy, this principle is only half applied in taxation. It applies to the future (i.e. the following year) but does not apply to the past (i.e. the previous year). Of particular interest is the position of the Italian Court of Cassation, i.e. the highest court of justice, which applies this principle of "lame continuity" in its judgments. Despite the astonishment of scholars, the Court of Cassation continues to consider that the final inventories of one year represent the initial inventories of the following year but does not accept as an obligation the opposite case. Only time will tell if it will resolve this dispute between the Supreme Court and the basic principles of business economics regarding financial reports.

Relevance of GASB No. 34 to Financial Reporting by Municipal Governments

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette K. Pridgen ◽  
W. Mark Wilder
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Default Risk ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Financial Indicators ◽  
Municipal Governments ◽  
Indicator Variable ◽  
Governmental Accounting ◽  
Fund Balances ◽  
Net Assets ◽  
The Government

SYNOPSIS The Governmental Accounting Standards Board issued Statement No. 34, creating a new accrual-based financial reporting model. This study examines whether information from this model is associated with the default risk (a proxy for fiscal distress) of municipal governments and whether this information is incremental to that provided by the fund-based, modified-accrual reporting model. Ordered logistic regressions are used to analyze financial data from 2005 for a sample of 409 municipalities that participated in the Government Finance Officers Association award program. This study extends the work of Plummer et al. (2007) to municipal governments. In addition to the financial position indicator variable (total net assets/total revenues) examined by Plummer et al. (2007), this study provides evidence of the relevance of three other financial indicators (change in net assets/total net assets; total liabilities/total assets; and current assets/current liabilities). We also find that these accrual-based indicators provide information incremental to the fund-based model and that one fund-based measure (total fund balances/total fund revenues) also provides information incremental to the accrual indicator. These results are consistent with perceptions of regulators and others who expect accrual accounting to be a better measure of the economic costs of running a government than the traditional fund-based model. Data Availability: Contact the authors.

scholarly journals Effects of Increased Reporting Frequency on Nonprofessional Investors' Earnings Predictions

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence J. Pitre
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Nonprofessional Investors ◽  
Recency Effects ◽  
Primacy Effects ◽  
Reporting Frequency

ABSTRACT More frequent financial reporting has been a topic of debate for many years. However, little evidence exists about the possible effects of more frequent reporting on investors' decision making. Using a between-subjects experiment, this study analyzes how altering the timing or frequency of earnings reports—weekly, as opposed to quarterly, reports—affects the accuracy and dispersion of earnings predictions by nonprofessional investors. This is important, since regulators have identified nonprofessionals as a significant audience for financial reports. I hypothesize and find that more frequent reporting results in less accurate predictions and greater variance, particularly when a strong seasonal pattern exists. Finally, investors in the more-frequent reporting condition self-reported that they were more influenced by older historical data—suggesting primacy effects—while those in the less-frequent reporting condition self-reported that they were more influenced by the newer historical data, suggesting recency effects. Data Availability: Data are available from the author on request.

scholarly journals EVALUASI PENYAJIAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN DINAS PEKERJAAN UMUM KOTA BITUNG BERDASARKAN PENERAPAN PERATURAN PEMERINTAH NO. 71 TAHUN 2010

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frenly Rombebunga ◽  
David P. E. Saerang ◽  
Novi Swandari Budiarso
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Accounting Standard ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Financial Report ◽  
Governmental Accounting ◽  
Government Accounting ◽  
Analysis Technique

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the presentation of financial reports Municipal Public Works Bitung has been in accordance with Governmental Accounting Standard PP. 71 Year 2010. Type of research conducted is a case study. Data were obtained by interview, observation and documentation. The data taken is the history and development of agencies, agency goals, organizational structure of agencies, geographic conditions and boundaries, vision and mission of the institution, as well as Financial Reports Public Works Department of Bitung City. The analysis technique used is descriptive explorative analysis technique. The steps used in this study is to collect the required data, and then compare the financial report of Bitung City Public Works Department with the financial statements in accordance with the presentation of financial statements based on Governmental Accounting Standard PP. 71 Year 2010. The results showed that the Public Works Department of Bitung City has applied Standa r Accounting Government PP. 71 Year 2010, although not yet optimal, because there are some points that are still incomplete in financial reporting such as Balance Over Change Budget Report (SAL). From twenty-three paragraphs regulating the financial report of Bitung City Public Works Department there are twenty paragas that have been in accordance with Governmental Accounting Standard PP. 71 of 2010. Three paragraphs that have not been applied are included in the Budget Breakdown of More Budget Changes (SAL) report.Keywords: Government Accounting Standards, Department of Public Works, Financial Statements

Should Government Assistance be Reflected in Financial Reports?

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-110
Author(s):  
Rosemond Desir ◽  
Ray J. Pfeiffer ◽  
Francesca Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Professional Service ◽  
Service Firms ◽  
Government Assistance ◽  
Professional Service Firms ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ◽  
Implementation Challenges ◽  
Significant Phenomenon

SYNOPSIS Government assistance provided to U.S. companies is a large and economically significant phenomenon. Although the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) has a current project concerning government assistance, U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) do not yet provide guidance about financial reporting for assistance. We explore whether recipients of government assistance should reflect it in financial reports. Specifically, we synthesize arguments and evidence from several sources, including conceptual framework element definitions and recognition criteria, current practice, IFRS guidance and practice, written arguments from FASB constituents, and guidance from professional service firms. We conclude that U.S. GAAP should require both the recognition of assets, liabilities, and changes in equity stemming from assistance agreements with government entities and the disclosure of relevant details to help users understand the measurement, timing, and uncertainty of the benefits and costs of agreements. We discuss implementation challenges and suggest avenues to improve financial reporting for government assistance. JEL Classifications: M41; M48; H81. Data Availability: All data are from public sources identified in the manuscript.

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