Pulmonary Function Testing

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryl Kreider
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Pulmonary Function Testing ◽  
Flow Volume ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Maximum Expiratory Flow ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Function Testing

Intelligent management of pulmonary disease requires a fundamental understanding of the complex interrelationships between multiple elements that interact to maintain homeostasis in the respiratory system. This chapter discusses the physiologic basis for pulmonary function testing and the use of these tests to diagnose disease, quantitate functional impairments, and follow the effects of treatment. Figures illustrate the relationships between lung volume, airway conductance, and airway resistance; the relationship between forced expiratory volume and time (spirogram); the relationship between spirometry and maximum expiratory flow volume; dynamic airway compression; patterns of abnormalities seen on flow-volume curves; lung volumes and capacities; pressure-volume relationships in health and disease; and the clinical assessment of lung function. Tables list the capacities and volumes of gas contained in the lungs during various breathing maneuvers, conditions associated with alterations in diffusing capacity, and recommendations for tests for various clinical scenarios. This review contains 7 highly rendered figures, 3 tables, and 86 references.

Pulmonary Function Testing

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryl Kreider
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Pulmonary Function Testing ◽  
Flow Volume ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Maximum Expiratory Flow ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Function Testing

Intelligent management of pulmonary disease requires a fundamental understanding of the complex interrelationships between multiple elements that interact to maintain homeostasis in the respiratory system. This chapter discusses the physiologic basis for pulmonary function testing and the use of these tests to diagnose disease, quantitate functional impairments, and follow the effects of treatment. Figures illustrate the relationships between lung volume, airway conductance, and airway resistance; the relationship between forced expiratory volume and time (spirogram); the relationship between spirometry and maximum expiratory flow volume; dynamic airway compression; patterns of abnormalities seen on flow-volume curves; lung volumes and capacities; pressure-volume relationships in health and disease; and the clinical assessment of lung function. Tables list the capacities and volumes of gas contained in the lungs during various breathing maneuvers, conditions associated with alterations in diffusing capacity, and recommendations for tests for various clinical scenarios. This review contains 7 highly rendered figures, 3 tables, and 86 references.

scholarly journals Normalization of Lung Function following Treatment of Secondary Usual Interstitial Pneumonia: A Case Report

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. CCRPM.S22878
Author(s):  
Laurie A. Hohberger ◽  
Felicia Montero-Arias ◽  
Anja C. Roden ◽  
Robert Vassallo
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Immunosuppressive Therapy ◽  
Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Usual Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Pulmonary Function Testing ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
One Year ◽  
Function Testing

Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) is the most common idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) and is associated with a poor prognosis and poor responsiveness to immunosuppressive therapy. We present a case of a woman with steroid-responsive biopsy-proven UIP with significant and sustained improvement in pulmonary function. A female in her 40s presented following a one-year history of progressive dyspnea, a 20 lb weight loss, and fatigue. Imaging of the chest with computed tomography (CT) showed bibasilar subpleural reticular opacities and minimal peripheral honeycombing. Comprehensive connective tissue disease (CTD) antibody testing was negative. Pulmonary function testing showed moderate impairment with reduction in forced vital capacity (FVC, 69% predicted), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1 73% predicted), and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO, 52% predicted). Surgical lung biopsy showed UIP with prominent inflammatory infiltrates. Following treatment with prednisone and azathioprine, the patient's symptoms resolved, while objective pulmonary function testing showed normalization of lung function, which is sustained at >4 years of follow-up. Improvement in lung function following immunosuppressive therapy is distinctly uncommon in either idiopathic or secondary UIP. This report suggests that occasionally, patients with secondary UIP occurring in the context of otherwise undefinable autoimmune clinical syndromes may be responsive to immunosuppressive therapy.

scholarly journals Regional correlation of emphysematous changes in lung function and structure: a comparison between pulmonary function testing and hyperpolarized MRI metrics

2011 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiarash Emami ◽  
Elaine Chia ◽  
Stephen Kadlecek ◽  
John P. MacDuffie-Woodburn ◽  
Jianliang Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Dynamic Compliance ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Systematic Difference ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Pulmonary Function Testing ◽  
Regional Correlation ◽  
Rat Elastase ◽  
Function Testing

Regional and global relationships of lung function and structure were studied using hyperpolarized 3He MRI in a rat elastase-induced model of emphysema ( n = 4) and healthy controls ( n = 5). Fractional ventilation ( r) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of 3He were measured at a submillimeter planar resolution in ventral, middle, and dorsal slices 6 mo after model induction. Pulmonary function testing (PFT) was performed before MRI to yield forced expiratory volume in 50 ms (FEV50), airway resistance (RI), and dynamic compliance (Cdyn). Cutoff threshold values of ventilation and diffusion, r* and ADC*, were computed corresponding to 80% population of pixels falling above or below each threshold value, respectively. For correlation analysis, r* was compared with FEV50/functional residual capacity (FRC), RI and Cdyn, whereas ADC* was compared with FEV50/FRC, total lung capacity (TLC), and Cdyn. Regional correlation of r and ADC was evaluated by dividing each of the three lung slices into four quadrants. Cdyn was significantly larger in elastase rats (0.92 ± 0.16 vs. 0.61 ± 0.12 ml/cmH2O). The difference of RI and FEV50 was insignificant between the two groups. The r* of healthy rats was significantly larger than the elastase group (0.42 ± 0.03 vs. 0.28 ± 0.06), whereas ADC* was significantly smaller in healthy animals (0.27 ± 0.04 vs. 0.36 ± 0.01 cm2/s). No systematic difference in these quantities was observed between the three lung slices. A significant 33% increase in ADC* and a significant 31% decline in r* for elastase rats was observed compared with a significant 51% increase in Cdyn and a nonsignificant 26% decline in FEV50/FRC. Correlation of imaging and PFT metrics revealed that r and ADC divide the rats into two separate clusters in the sample space.

scholarly journals Interpretation of Pulmonary Function Tests and Optimization of Inhalation Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-217
Author(s):  
Sung Yoon Lim ◽  
Ho Il Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Pulmonary Function Testing ◽  
Inhalation Therapy ◽  
Stepwise Approach ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification ◽  
Function Testing

Spirometry, also called office-based pulmonary function testing, is a useful tool for diagnosis and classification of lung disease. Here, we outline a simple stepwise approach for interpretation of spirometry results. The first step is to determine the forced expiratory volume in a one second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) ratio. If airflow is limited, a bronchodilator is administered followed by reassessment. The next step is to determine whether FVC is low; an observed decrease in FVC indicates a restrictive patten. For patients with obstructive disease, inhalation medication is needed. Therefore, this review also describes the most appropriate inhalation device for each patient and the correct use of the device to maximize inhalation therapy benefits.

scholarly journals Pulmonary function testing as a diagnostic tool to assess respiratory health in bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus

2020 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
A Borque-Espinosa ◽  
F Burgos ◽  
S Dennison ◽  
R Laughlin ◽  
M Manley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Managed Care ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Pulmonary Function Testing ◽  
Flow Volume ◽  
Volume Relationship ◽  
Function Testing

Pulmonary function testing was performed in 3 bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus (1 female and 2 males) under managed care during a 2 yr period to assess whether these data provide diagnostic information about respiratory health. Pulmonary radiographs and standard clinical testing were used to evaluate the pulmonary health of each dolphin. The female dolphin (F1) had evidence of chronic pulmonary fibrosis, and 1 male (M2) developed pneumonia during the study. Pulmonary function data were collected from maximal respiratory efforts in water and from spontaneous breaths while beached. From these data, the flow-volume relationship, the flow measured between 25 and 75% of the expired vital capacity (mid forced expiratory flow, FEF25%-75%), and the percent of the vital capacity (VC) at the peak expiratory flow (%VCPEF), were evaluated and compared with the diagnostic assessment. For maximal respiratory manoeuvres in water, there were no differences in FEF25%-75% or %VCPEF, and the flow-volume relationship showed a consistent pattern for F1. Additionally, FEF25%-75% and %VCPEF decreased by 27 and 52%, respectively, and the flow-volume relationship showed clear flow limitations with emerging disease in M2. While spontaneously breathing on land, M2 also showed a 49% decrease in %VCPEF and changes in the flow-volume relationship, indicating flow limitations following the development of pneumonia. Based on these preliminary results, we suggest that pulmonary function testing should be given more attention as a non-invasive and possibly adjunctive diagnostic tool to evaluate lung health of dolphins under managed care and in the wild.

The answer is blowing in the wind: a pedunculated tumour with saw tooth flow-volume loop

1998 ◽  
Vol 112 (10) ◽  
pp. 973-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neal Rendleman ◽  
Stephen F. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Pulmonary Function Testing ◽  
Flow Volume ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Flow Volume Loop ◽  
Function Testing

AbstractObstructing tumours of the upper airways have been demonstrated to alter the flow volume loop of pulmonary function testing. These alterations could be clues to the nature and location of the obstruction. This report describes a case of a pedunculated squamous cell carcinoma arising in the pharynx whose flow volume loop showed a saw tooth pattern which reflected the location and structure of the tumour.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Welding Fume Exposure, Smoking, and Pulmonary Function in Welders

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura L. Roach
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Pulmonary Function Testing ◽  
Welding Fumes ◽  
Welding Fume ◽  
Supportive Evidence ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Function Testing

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between occupational exposure to welding fumes and pulmonary function in an effort to add supportive evidence and clarity to the current body of research. This study utilized a retrospective chart review of pulmonary function testing and pulmonary questionnaires already available in charts from preplacement physicals to the most recent test. When comparing smokers to nonsmokers, utilizing multiple regression and controlling for age and percentage of time using a respirator, years welding was statistically significant at p = .04. Data support that smoking has a synergistic effect when combined with welding fume exposure on pulmonary decline.

Analysis of Maximum Expiratory Flow Volume Curves Using Canonical Correlation Analysis

1985 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. van Pelt ◽  
Ph. H. Quanjer ◽  
M. E. Wise ◽  
E. van der Burg ◽  
R. van der Lende
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Canonical Correlation Analysis ◽  
Canonical Correlation ◽  
Flow Volume ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Maximum Expiratory Flow ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Age And Sex

SummaryAs part of a population study on chronic lung disease in the Netherlands, an investigation is made of the relationship of both age and sex with indices describing the maximum expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curve. To determine the relationship, non-linear canonical correlation was used as realized in the computer program CANALS, a combination of ordinary canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and non-linear transformations of the variables. This method enhances the generality of the relationship to be found and has the advantage of showing the relative importance of categories or ranges within a variable with respect to that relationship. The above is exemplified by describing the relationship of age and sex with variables concerning respiratory symptoms and smoking habits. The analysis of age and sex with MEFV curve indices shows that non-linear canonical correlation analysis is an efficient tool in analysing size and shape of the MEFV curve and can be used to derive parameters concerning the whole curve.

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