Surgical Treatment Of Obesity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luise Pernar ◽  
Malcolm K. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Loss Surgery ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Significant Public Health Concern ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Hunger Sensation ◽  
Surgical Treatment Of Obesity

Obesity is associated with numerous comorbidities and shortens life expectancy. Currently, over one third of adults in the United States are obese, making management of obesity a significant public health concern. Given the modest benefits of behavior change alone, weight loss surgery has become a popular tool in the treatment of obesity. Numerous studies have documented the benefits of weight loss surgery in promoting weight loss and resolution of comorbidities. The hormonal and physiologic changes that are induced by some weight loss procedures are not yet fully elucidated, but it is thought that changes in hunger sensation and metabolism drive the observed effects. This review contains 4 figures, 2 videos, 3 tables and 60 references Key words: bypass, obesity, sleeve gastrectomy, surgery, weight loss

scholarly journals Therapeutic options and challenges for substances of abuse

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-445 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Significant Public Health Concern ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Substances Of Abuse

Addiction to substances continues to be a significant public health concern in the United States. The following review of current pharmacological treatments discusses a range of substances: nicotine, alcohol, cocaine, and opioids. The goal is to provide an overview of currently available and new pharmacological treatments for substance use disorders, while also addressing the pharmacotherapeutic challenges remaining. The significant advances in pharmacotherapy have had limited utilization, however. For example, naltrexone for alcoholism is infrequently prescribed, buprenorphine for opiates still has relatively few qualified prescribers, and stimulants have no Food and Drug Administration-approved pharmacotherapy. These pharmacotherapies are needed, with the rate of even the relatively uncommon abuse of opiates now rising sharply.

scholarly journals The Effect of Meteorological, Pollution, and Geographic Exposures on Death by Suicide: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7809
Author(s):  
Sarah L. Cornelius ◽  
Tara Berry ◽  
Amanda J. Goodrich ◽  
Brian Shiner ◽  
Natalie B. Riblet
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Significant Public Health Concern ◽  
Significant Public Health

Suicide is a significant public health concern worldwide and in the United States. Despite the far-reaching impact of suicide, risk factors are still not well understood and efforts to accurately assess risk have fallen short. Current research has highlighted how potentially modifiable environmental exposures (i.e., meteorological, pollution, and geographic exposures) can affect suicide risk. A scoping review was conducted to evaluate the strength of the historical and current literature on the environment’s effect on suicide and suicide risk. Three databases (i.e., Medline, Embase, and PsychInfo) were reviewed to identify relevant studies and two authors independently reviewed studies considering pre-determined inclusion criteria. A total of 46 meteorological studies were included as well as 23 pollution studies and 12 geographic studies. Descriptive statistics, including counts, percentages, review of studies’ sample size (minimum, maximum, median, and interquartile range), were calculated using Excel and SAS 9.4. Overall, strong evidence supports that exposure to sunlight, temperature, air pollution, pesticides, and high altitude increases suicide risk, although effect sizes range from very small to small.

scholarly journals A Novel Phenotypic Method To Screen for Plasmid-Mediated Colistin Resistance among Enterobacteriales

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Drew T. Bell ◽  
Yehudit Bergman ◽  
Abida Q. Kazmi ◽  
Shawna Lewis ◽  
Pranita D. Tamma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Significant Public Health Concern ◽  
Phenotypic Method ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Clinical Pathogens

ABSTRACT Plasmid-mediated colistin resistance (PMCR), a consequence of the mcr genes, is a significant public health concern given its potential to easily spread among clinical pathogens. Recently, it was discovered that MCR enzymes require zinc for activity. Thus, we modified the colistin broth-disk elution (CBDE) test to screen for plasmid-mediated colistin resistance (PMCR) genes based on any reduction of colistin MIC in the presence of EDTA. Eighty-five isolates of the order Enterobacteriales (12 mcr positive) were tested by CBDE ± EDTA. The sensitivity and specificity of the EDTA-CBDE method to detect PMCR compared to the molecular genotype results were 100% and 95.8%, respectively. Isolates positive by the EDTA-CBDE test should be further evaluated to confirm the presence of mcr genes.

Addictions: Gambling

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lia Nower ◽  
Kyle Caler
Keyword(s):  
Social Workers ◽  
Gambling Disorder ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
Significant Public Health Concern ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Significant Public Health

Gambling disorder is a significant public health concern. The recent and continued proliferation of land-based and interactive gambling opportunities has increased both accessibility and acceptability of gambling in the United States and abroad, resulting in greater and more varied participation. However, there is currently no designated federal funding for prevention, intervention, treatment, or research, and states are left to adopt varying standards on an ad hoc basis. Social workers receive little or no training in screening or treating problem gamblers, though research suggests that a significant proportion of those with mental health and other addictive disorders also gamble excessively. Raising awareness about the nature and scope of gambling disorder and its devastating implications for families and children is a first-step toward integrating gambling into prevention, assessment and treatment education in social work. This, in turn, will increase the chances of early identification and intervention across settings and insure that social workers can lend a knowledgeable and credible voice to addressing this hidden addiction.

Infertility Management and Pharmacotherapy: What Every Pharmacist Should Know

2020 ◽  
pp. 089719002093096
Author(s):  
Nicole E. Cieri-Hutcherson ◽  
John Brock Harris ◽  
Lamis R. Karaoui ◽  
Lauren Lakdawala ◽  
Nicole M. Lodise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Burden ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Care Team ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Significant Public Health Concern ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Pharmacologic Management ◽  
Education Resource

Infertility is a significant public health concern in the United States. As such, utilization of infertility services, including pharmacotherapeutic treatments, is prevalent, and the role of the pharmacist as part of the health care team is essential. Pharmacists can assist patients by providing education on infertility causes, risk factor mitigation, referrals, nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic management options, navigation of the prescription process, and resource availability for the significant financial burden accompanying infertility treatment. In-depth pharmacotherapeutic information may not be readily available to pharmacists dispensing and counseling on these medications, and infertility management regimens are often varied and complicated requiring more in-depth counseling on use and administration. Given the complexity of infertility management, pharmacists are a valuable patient support and education resource. This article provides an in-depth review of infertility management strategies, both nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic.

Disease outbreaks caused by steppe-type rabies viruses in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (6) ◽  
pp. 1287-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. FENG ◽  
W. WANG ◽  
J. GUO ◽  
ALATENGHELI ◽  
Y. LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
The North ◽  
Significant Public Health Concern ◽  
Significant Public Health

SUMMARYWhile rabies is a significant public health concern in China, the epidemiology of animal rabies in the north and northwest border provinces remains unknown. From February 2013 to March 2014, seven outbreaks of domestic animal rabies caused by wild carnivores in Xinjiang (XJ) and Inner Mongolia (IM) Autonomous Regions, China were reported and diagnosed in brain samples of infected animals by the fluorescent antibody test (FAT) and RT–PCR. Ten field rabies viruses were obtained. Sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis based on the complete N gene (1353 bp) amplified directly from the original brain tissues showed that these ten strains were steppe-type viruses, closely related to strains reported in Russia and Mongolia. None had been identified previously in China. The viruses from XJ and IM clustered separately into two lineages showing their different geographical distribution. This study emphasizes the importance of wildlife surveillance and of cross-departmental cooperation in the control of transboundary rabies transmission.

Impact of the Opioid/Fentanyl Epidemic on the Toxicology Laboratory’s Workload: The CMCVAMC Experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 152 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S90-S90
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Petersen ◽  
Thomas George ◽  
Darshana Jhala
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Opioid Epidemic ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Significant Public Health Concern ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy

Abstract Introduction Opiates have long been used by both the population at large and the veteran population as a drug of abuse. However, recently, fentanyl—a synthetic opioid—has risen in prominence in this opioid drug abuse epidemic as a drug used by suppliers to “cut” heroin, to masquerade for another opiate, or for direct usage. As this is a recent phenomenon, the new increasing need to test for fentanyl for clinical reasons has a major impact on the toxicology laboratory’s workload. Method Quality assurance/improvement data were obtained to determine the number of fentanyl tests by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) performed by the toxicology laboratory since quarter 1 of 2011 (October-December 2010) to quarter 1 of 2018 (October-December 2017). The numbers of tests required for clinical care in each quarter were tabulated and compared in a graph. Quarters for each year begin and end in October. Results The total number of GC/MS tests for fentanyl needed for clinical care has been drastically increasing recently. From 2011 to 2015, the yearly number of tests clinically needed has ranged from 83 to 92. In 2016, the total number of clinically needed tests for fentanyl spiked to 167 and by fiscal year 2017 included 1,108 fentanyl GC/MS tests. The last examined quarter (quarter 1 of fiscal year 2018) included 527 tests, which is more than the highest number from 2017 (377 in quarter 4 of 2017). Conclusion The increasing use of fentanyl in the opioid epidemic appears to have played a role in significantly increasing the clinical need to test for fentanyl by GC/MS, increasing the volume by over 10 to 15 times. The role of fentanyl in the opioid epidemic remains a significant public health concern.

scholarly journals Nationwide survey of human Listeria monocytogenes infection in Japan

2004 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. OKUTANI ◽  
Y. OKADA ◽  
S. YAMAMOTO ◽  
S. IGIMI
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Significant Public Health Concern ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Foodborne Outbreaks ◽  
Nationwide Surveillance

Listeriosis, caused by Listeria monocytogenes, is a significant public-health concern as a result of its clinical severity and high mortality. Large foodborne outbreaks of listeriosis have occurred during the last two decades in Europe and the United States, but to date there have been no food-mediated epidemics of the disease and very little information is available on the number of cases of listeriosis in Japan. We performed a nationwide surveillance study of listeriosis. The data were collected between 1980 and 2002, and 95 case reports were identified from 1996 to 2002. We divided 13·6 (cases per year between 1996 and 2002) by the ratio of the number of beds in hospitals that replied to the questionnaire, to that of all the hospitals in Japan and estimated that there is an average of 83 cases of listeriosis per year and an incidence of 0·65 cases per million of the population in Japan.

scholarly journals Medications against drugs: Development of medications to prevent and treat substance use disorders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Dario Montoya
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Significant Public Health Concern ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
New Compounds

Substance use disorder (SUD) is a significant public health concern. Unfortunately, there are few safe and effective medications to treat SUD and efficacy is suboptimal. There are important financial and scientific obstacles to develop new compounds, but recent advances in the discovery of new brain receptors and neurocircuits are offering opportunities to develop new pharmacotherapies. A systematic scientific approach to develop medications is required to demonstrate their safety and efficacy, bring it to market, and prescribe it to patients. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide a general overview of the challenges and opportunities in medications development for SUD, describe the phased approach of this development, the medications approved, and those that appear most promising.

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