Addictions: Gambling

Assessment And Treatment ◽

Gambling disorder is a significant public health concern. The recent and continued proliferation of land-based and interactive gambling opportunities has increased both accessibility and acceptability of gambling in the United States and abroad, resulting in greater and more varied participation. However, there is currently no designated federal funding for prevention, intervention, treatment, or research, and states are left to adopt varying standards on an ad hoc basis. Social workers receive little or no training in screening or treating problem gamblers, though research suggests that a significant proportion of those with mental health and other addictive disorders also gamble excessively. Raising awareness about the nature and scope of gambling disorder and its devastating implications for families and children is a first-step toward integrating gambling into prevention, assessment and treatment education in social work. This, in turn, will increase the chances of early identification and intervention across settings and insure that social workers can lend a knowledgeable and credible voice to addressing this hidden addiction.

Infertility Management and Pharmacotherapy: What Every Pharmacist Should Know

Journal of Pharmacy Practice ◽

10.1177/0897190020930969 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 089719002093096

Author(s):

Nicole E. Cieri-Hutcherson ◽

John Brock Harris ◽

Lamis R. Karaoui ◽

Lauren Lakdawala ◽

Nicole M. Lodise ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Financial Burden ◽

Management Strategies ◽

The United States ◽

Health Care Team ◽

Health Concern ◽

Management Options ◽

Pharmacologic Management ◽

Education Resource

Infertility is a significant public health concern in the United States. As such, utilization of infertility services, including pharmacotherapeutic treatments, is prevalent, and the role of the pharmacist as part of the health care team is essential. Pharmacists can assist patients by providing education on infertility causes, risk factor mitigation, referrals, nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic management options, navigation of the prescription process, and resource availability for the significant financial burden accompanying infertility treatment. In-depth pharmacotherapeutic information may not be readily available to pharmacists dispensing and counseling on these medications, and infertility management regimens are often varied and complicated requiring more in-depth counseling on use and administration. Given the complexity of infertility management, pharmacists are a valuable patient support and education resource. This article provides an in-depth review of infertility management strategies, both nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic.

Surgical Treatment Of Obesity

10.2310/im.9026 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Luise Pernar ◽

Malcolm K. Robinson

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Weight Loss Surgery ◽

The United States ◽

Health Concern ◽

Public Health Concern ◽

Treatment Of Obesity ◽

Hunger Sensation ◽

Surgical Treatment Of Obesity

Obesity is associated with numerous comorbidities and shortens life expectancy. Currently, over one third of adults in the United States are obese, making management of obesity a significant public health concern. Given the modest benefits of behavior change alone, weight loss surgery has become a popular tool in the treatment of obesity. Numerous studies have documented the benefits of weight loss surgery in promoting weight loss and resolution of comorbidities. The hormonal and physiologic changes that are induced by some weight loss procedures are not yet fully elucidated, but it is thought that changes in hunger sensation and metabolism drive the observed effects. This review contains 4 figures, 2 videos, 3 tables and 60 references Key words: bypass, obesity, sleeve gastrectomy, surgery, weight loss

Nationwide survey of human Listeria monocytogenes infection in Japan

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268804001967 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 132 (4) ◽

pp. 769-772 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

A. OKUTANI ◽

Y. OKADA ◽

S. YAMAMOTO ◽

S. IGIMI

Keyword(s):

Listeria Monocytogenes ◽

Case Reports ◽

Nationwide Survey ◽

The United States ◽

Clinical Severity ◽

Health Concern ◽

Foodborne Outbreaks ◽

Nationwide Surveillance

Listeriosis, caused by Listeria monocytogenes, is a significant public-health concern as a result of its clinical severity and high mortality. Large foodborne outbreaks of listeriosis have occurred during the last two decades in Europe and the United States, but to date there have been no food-mediated epidemics of the disease and very little information is available on the number of cases of listeriosis in Japan. We performed a nationwide surveillance study of listeriosis. The data were collected between 1980 and 2002, and 95 case reports were identified from 1996 to 2002. We divided 13·6 (cases per year between 1996 and 2002) by the ratio of the number of beds in hospitals that replied to the questionnaire, to that of all the hospitals in Japan and estimated that there is an average of 83 cases of listeriosis per year and an incidence of 0·65 cases per million of the population in Japan.

Therapeutic options and challenges for substances of abuse

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience ◽

10.31887/dcns.2007.9.4/tgardner ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 431-445 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

United States ◽

Substance Use ◽

The United States ◽

Health Concern ◽

Pharmacological Treatments ◽

Public Health Concern ◽

Substances Of Abuse

Addiction to substances continues to be a significant public health concern in the United States. The following review of current pharmacological treatments discusses a range of substances: nicotine, alcohol, cocaine, and opioids. The goal is to provide an overview of currently available and new pharmacological treatments for substance use disorders, while also addressing the pharmacotherapeutic challenges remaining. The significant advances in pharmacotherapy have had limited utilization, however. For example, naltrexone for alcoholism is infrequently prescribed, buprenorphine for opiates still has relatively few qualified prescribers, and stimulants have no Food and Drug Administration-approved pharmacotherapy. These pharmacotherapies are needed, with the rate of even the relatively uncommon abuse of opiates now rising sharply.

Recent advances in understanding West Nile virus host immunity and viral pathogenesis

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.13362.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 338 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Huanle Luo ◽

Tian Wang

Keyword(s):

West Nile Virus ◽

Kidney Diseases ◽

The United States ◽

Viral Pathogenesis ◽

Host Immunity ◽

Health Concern ◽

West Nile ◽

West Nile virus (WNV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, has been a significant public health concern in the United States for nearly two decades. The virus has been linked to acute viral encephalitis, neurological sequelae, and chronic kidney diseases. Neither antiviral drugs nor vaccines are currently available for humans. In vitro cell culture and experimental animal models have been used to study WNV infection in humans. In this review, we will focus on recent findings and provide new insights into WNV host immunity and viral pathogenesis.

Youth Action Research in Violence Prevention: The Youth Survey Project

Practicing Anthropology ◽

10.17730/praa.26.2.064432l543257m37 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 35-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Allison Bingham ◽

Patricia Christie

Keyword(s):

High School Students ◽

Violent Behavior ◽

The United States ◽

Health Concern ◽

School Students ◽

Violent Injury ◽

Youth Survey ◽

Nationally Representative

Violent injury and death disproportionately affect children, adolescents, and young adults across communities of all sizes, localities, income levels, and racial makeup, and are a significant public health concern in the United States. Annual findings from the Youth Behavior Risk Survey based on a nationally representative sample of high school students in grades 9-12 have shown that in the past decade a significant number of young people were either involved in or exposed to violent behavior.

The Effect of Meteorological, Pollution, and Geographic Exposures on Death by Suicide: A Scoping Review

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18157809 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (15) ◽

pp. 7809

Author(s):

Sarah L. Cornelius ◽

Tara Berry ◽

Amanda J. Goodrich ◽

Brian Shiner ◽

Natalie B. Riblet

Keyword(s):

Scoping Review ◽

Suicide Risk ◽

The United States ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Effect Sizes ◽

Health Concern ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Public Health Concern ◽

Suicide is a significant public health concern worldwide and in the United States. Despite the far-reaching impact of suicide, risk factors are still not well understood and efforts to accurately assess risk have fallen short. Current research has highlighted how potentially modifiable environmental exposures (i.e., meteorological, pollution, and geographic exposures) can affect suicide risk. A scoping review was conducted to evaluate the strength of the historical and current literature on the environment’s effect on suicide and suicide risk. Three databases (i.e., Medline, Embase, and PsychInfo) were reviewed to identify relevant studies and two authors independently reviewed studies considering pre-determined inclusion criteria. A total of 46 meteorological studies were included as well as 23 pollution studies and 12 geographic studies. Descriptive statistics, including counts, percentages, review of studies’ sample size (minimum, maximum, median, and interquartile range), were calculated using Excel and SAS 9.4. Overall, strong evidence supports that exposure to sunlight, temperature, air pollution, pesticides, and high altitude increases suicide risk, although effect sizes range from very small to small.

Association of Living Arrangement Conditions and Socioeconomic Differentials with Anemia Status among Women in Rural Bangladesh

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2016/4571686 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ghose Bishwajit ◽

Sanni Yaya ◽

Shangfeng Tang ◽

Akmal Hossain ◽

Yang Fan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Habits ◽

Living Arrangement ◽

Health Concern ◽

Adult Women ◽

Household Characteristics ◽

Women And Children ◽

Health Survey Data ◽

Socioeconomic Differentials

In Bangladesh, iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia and remains a significant public health concern. Being a high anemia prevalent country, numerous efforts have been made to confront the issue especially among women and children by both local and international actors. Though the situation has substantially improved in recent years, a staggering number of adult women are currently living with anemia. The etiology of anemia is a multifactorial problem and has been proposed to be associated with various household, societal, economic, cultural factors apart from dietary habits. However, evidence regarding the household arrangements and socioeconomic determinants of anemia is scarce, especially in the context of Bangladesh. To this end, we utilized the 2011 demographic and health survey data to explore the association between anemia status and selected demographic, socioeconomic, and household characteristics. Our result showed significant correlation of anemia with both sociodemographic and household characteristics. Among the sociodemographic variables the following were found to be significantly associated with anemia status: age (p=0.014; OR = 1.195; 95% CI = 1.036–1.378) and microcredit membership (p=0.014; OR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.037–1.386). Regarding the household arrangements, women utilizing biomass fuel for cooking (p<0.019; OR = 1.82; 95% CI = 0.981–2.460) were more likely to be anemic.

The Scope and Impact of a Novel, Urban, Rapid Patient Interhospital Transfer System to Improve Neuroemergent Care: The Design and Development of the Neuroemergency Transfer Program

Austin Journal of Clinical Neurology ◽

10.26420/austinjclinneurol.2021.1151 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

Author(s):

John S ◽

◽

Woodward J ◽

Keegan KC ◽

Tchalukov K ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Care Facility ◽

The United States ◽

Health Concern ◽

Transfer Program ◽

Transfer Time ◽

Urban Settings ◽

Patient Transfers ◽

Interhospital Transfer ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Background: Access to neuroemergent care in the United States represents a significant public health concern, with limited neurosurgery and/ or neurocritical care coverage in both rural and urban settings. Inadequate access to neuroemergent providers, even in urban settings, may result in prolonged patient transfer time, associated neurological decline and translate into increased morbidity and mortality. Methods: A single center retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of interhospital patient transfers to a neuroscience ICU between 2008-2018 was performed. Results: 9637 patients were included for analysis. A substantial increase in transfer requests were observed, 610 to 1221 from 2008 to 2018 respectively, with concurrent increase in the number and geographic distribution of referral centers. Ultimately, 7726 (80.2%) patients were discharged home or to outpatient or acute rehabilitation while 1820 (18.9%) were discharged to a long-term acute care facility (LTAC), hospice, or expired during the index admission. The leading diagnoses for transfer were: 1. intracerebral hemorrhage, 2. subarachnoid hemorrhage, 3. ischemic stroke, 4. subdural hematoma and 5. brain tumor. Transfer from an ED or ICU constituted 93.3% of requests. Mean total transfer time between 2012-2018 was < 155 minutes annually (range 128-155 minutes). In 2018, 91.5% of patients had health insurance with 68.7% covered by some form of Medicaid or Medicare. Conclusions: The ongoing evolution and overall success of the NTP draws chiefly from the designation of an easily accessible central operator to orchestrate transfer, establishing a network of community referral centers and optimization of regional patient transportation - all with the solitary goal of improving patient outcomes.

Medication Errors: Scope and prevention strategies

Journal of Hospital Administration ◽

10.5430/jha.v1n2p54 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 54 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Luigi Brunetti ◽

Dong-Churl Suh

Keyword(s):

Medication Error ◽

Medication Errors ◽

Health Concern ◽

Prevention Strategies ◽

Error Prevention ◽

Integration Of Technology ◽

Safety Systems ◽

Improve Patient

Background: Medication errors are a significant public health concern. Although significant advances have been made, errors are still relatively common and represent an opportunity for healthcare improvement.Methodology/Principal Findings: Since the publication of To Err is Human, medication errors have been under tremendous scrutiny. Organizations have moved towards a non-punitive approach to evaluating errors. This approach to medication errors has aided in identifying common pathways to medication errors and improving understanding regarding the anatomy of a medication error. As a result, prevention strategies have been developed to target common themes contributing to errors. Error prevention strategies may target common contributors of medication errors, broadly grouped as performance lapses, lack of knowledge, and lack or failure of safety systems. Strategies to thwart medication errors range from process improvement to integration of technology in the health care environment.Conclusions/Significance: Organizations should devote resources to address medication error prevention strategies in an effort to improve patient outcomes and decrease morbidity and mortality associated with medication errors.