Neurogastroenterology

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald F. Pfeiffer
Keyword(s):  
Wilson Disease ◽  
The Other ◽  
Neurologic Disease ◽  
Rare Disorders ◽  
Neurologic Diseases ◽  
Neurologic Dysfunction ◽  
Acquired Hepatocerebral Degeneration ◽  
Whipple Disease ◽  
Hepatocerebral Degeneration ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Contrary to what one may assume, neurology and gastroenterology are similar to each other in many ways. A process found in one system can also affect the other, whether it be gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction present in neurologic diseases or neurologic dysfunction present in GI diseases. Several disorders from both fields of medicines are highlighted in this review, ranging from stroke, Parkinson disease, and multiple sclerosis (MS) as examples of GI dysfunction in neurologic disease, to celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease as examples of neurologic dysfunction in GI disease. Rare disorders such as Whipple disease (WhD), chronic acquired hepatocerebral degeneration (CAHD), and Wilson disease (WD) should also be considered for their neurologic dysfunctions as manifested extraintestinally. Tables give an overview of clinical features of the various disorders presented in this review.   This module contains ­4 highly rendered figures, 9 tables, 349 references, and 5 MCQs. 

Causal Association Between Atopic Dermatitis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A 2-Sample Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christa Meisinger ◽  
Dennis Freuer
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background Observational studies postulated an association between atopic dermatitis (AD) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, it remains unclear whether this relationship is causal. Methods To determine whether AD is causally related to IBD and vice versa, a 2-sample Mendelian randomization study was conducted. Independent genetic instruments from the largest available genome-wide association study for AD (EAGLE eczema consortium without the 23andMe study including 10,788 cases and 30,047 controls) were used to investigate the association with IBD in the UK Biobank study (7045 cases, 456,327 controls) and a second European IBD sample (12,882 cases, 21,770 controls). Results Atopic dermatitis was strongly associated with higher risk of IBD as a whole (odds ratio [OR], 1.107; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.035; 1.183; P = .003) in the UK Biobank study. The positive association was not significant in the other IBD study (OR, 1.114; 95% CI, 0.956; 1.298), but in meta-analyses of results from the 2 studies, the strong association could be confirmed (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.04; 1.18). When evaluating the causal relationship in the other direction, IBD as a whole did not show an association with AD. Subtype analyses revealed that AD was suggestively associated with ulcerative colitis (UC; OR, 1.149; 95% CI, 1.018; 1.297) but not Crohn’s disease (CD). However, there was a suggestive association between CD and AD (OR, 1.034; 95% CI, 1.004; 1.064) but not UC and AD. Conclusions This study supports a causal effect between AD and IBD—but not between IBD and AD. There seems to be considerable differences between UC and CD regarding their specific associations with AD. These findings have implications for the management of IBD and AD in clinical practice.

Acquired hepatocerebral degeneration and hepatic encephalopathy: one or two entities?

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 2396-2404 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Malaquias ◽  
C. M. Pinto ◽  
C. Ramos ◽  
S. Ferreira ◽  
J. Gandara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Acquired Hepatocerebral Degeneration ◽  
Hepatocerebral Degeneration

scholarly journals Acquired Hepatocerebral Degeneration in the Absence of Portosystemic Shunting

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Caranci ◽  
Christian Cordano ◽  
Edoardo Giannini ◽  
Fabio Bandini
Keyword(s):  
Acquired Hepatocerebral Degeneration ◽  
Portosystemic Shunting ◽  
Hepatocerebral Degeneration

scholarly journals Clinical characteristics and outcomes of inpatients with neurologic disease and COVID-19 in Brescia, Lombardy, Italy

Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. e910-e920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Benussi ◽  
Andrea Pilotto ◽  
Enrico Premi ◽  
Ilenia Libri ◽  
Marcello Giunta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disorders ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Hospital Death ◽  
Neurologic Disease ◽  
Neurologic Diseases ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Failure Assessment ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Qsofa Score

ObjectiveTo report clinical and laboratory characteristics, treatment, and clinical outcomes of patients admitted for neurologic diseases with and without coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).MethodsIn this retrospective, single-center cohort study, we included all adult inpatients with confirmed COVID-19 admitted to a neuro-COVID unit beginning February 21, 2020, who had been discharged or died by April 5, 2020. Demographic, clinical, treatment, and laboratory data were extracted from medical records and compared (false discovery rate corrected) to those of neurologic patients without COVID-19 admitted in the same period.ResultsOne hundred seventy-three patients were included in this study, of whom 56 were positive and 117 were negative for COVID-19. Patients with COVID-19 were older (77.0 years, interquartile range [IQR] 67.0–83.8 years vs 70.1 years, IQR 52.9–78.6 years, p = 0.006), had a different distribution regarding admission diagnoses, including cerebrovascular disorders (n = 43, 76.8% vs n = 68, 58.1%), and had a higher quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score on admission (0.9, IQR 0.7–1.1 vs 0.5, IQR 0.4–0.6, p = 0.006). In-hospital mortality rates (n = 21, 37.5% vs n = 5, 4.3%, p < 0.001) and incident delirium (n = 15, 26.8% vs n = 9, 7.7%, p = 0.003) were significantly higher in the COVID-19 group. Patients with COVID-19 and without COVID with stroke had similar baseline characteristics, but patients with COVID-19 had higher modified Rankin Scale scores at discharge (5.0, IQR 2.0–6.0 vs 2.0, IQR 1.0–3.0, p < 0.001), with a significantly lower number of patients with a good outcome (n = 11, 25.6% vs n = 48, 70.6%, p < 0.001). In patients with COVID-19, multivariable regressions showed increasing odds of in-hospital death associated with higher qSOFA scores (odds ratio [OR] 4.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21–16.5, p = 0.025), lower platelet count (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97–0.99, p = 0.005), and higher lactate dehydrogenase (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00–1.03, p = 0.009) on admission.ConclusionsPatients with COVID-19 admitted with neurologic disease, including stroke, have a significantly higher in-hospital mortality and incident delirium and higher disability than patients without COVID-19.

The Multifaceted Role of Natural Agents in Colitis-Associated Cancer Prevention and Therapy

2021 ◽  
pp. 220-239
Author(s):  
Ashok Kumar Kumar Pandurangan ◽  
Suresh Kumar Anandasadagopan ◽  
Neesar Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Preclinical Model ◽  
Natural Agents ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Prevention And Therapy

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is comprised of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) that was recognized by the inflammation in the colon. There are no proper medications are available to control the IBD in patients. NASIDs such as Aspirin, diclofenac, and ibuprofen are widely used to control the inflammation. On the other hand, the untreated prolonged inflammation leads to the development of cancer in the colon termed as colitis-associated cancer or inflammation-driven colon cancer. Oxidative stress and inflammation play key roles in the pathogenesis of colitis-associated cancer. Single dose of azozymethane (AOM) and three cycles of 2% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) induces colitis-associated cancer (CAC) in mouse. Hence, many natural products were tested in the preclinical model of colitis-associated cancer. Each of these natural agents modulate important signaling pathway to control the colitis-associated cancer (CAC). In this review, the authors tabulated all the natural agents that culminate the colitis-associated cancer in the preclinical models.

Autoimmune Neurologic Diseases in Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (03) ◽  
pp. 355-370
Author(s):  
Michael Sweeney
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Autoimmune Process ◽  
Rare Disorders ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Neurologic Diseases ◽  
Neurologic Outcomes ◽  
The Brain

AbstractAutoimmune diseases of the nervous system in children are composed of a heterogeneous group of rare disorders that can affect the central or peripheral nervous system at any level. Presentations may occur in children of any age and are typically acute or subacute in onset. Consideration of an autoimmune process as the etiology of neurologic diseases in children is important, as it may lead to early initiation of immunotherapy and an improvement in long-term neurologic outcomes. The developing nervous and immune systems in children create unique challenges in diagnosis and treatment of these rare diseases. In this review, autoimmune diseases affecting the brain, spinal cord, nerve roots, peripheral nerves, neuromuscular junction, and muscle in children are described.

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