Vulvar Lesions in the Pediatric Patient

10.2310/fm.19108 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Michele Troutman ◽

Hong-Thao Thieu

Keyword(s):

Pediatric Patients ◽

Systemic Treatment ◽

Skin Barrier ◽

Lichen Sclerosus ◽

Medical Attention ◽

Condition Versus ◽

Common Complaint ◽

Irritant Dermatitis ◽

Systemic Condition ◽

Dermatitis Contact

Vulvar lesions are a common complaint for which pediatric patients seek medical attention. Please refer to the chapter on Prepubertal Vulvovaginitis for more details. A careful history and physical exam, including full skin exam should be performed when pediatric and adolescent patients present with vulvar complaints. The chief complaint and chronicity of the symptoms can narrow the differential. The chronicity and areas of dermatologic involvement can also be key to diagnosing a systemic condition versus a primary vulvar dermatosis. When the latter is assumed, a referral to an appropriate specialist such as a Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecologist or Dermatologist should be considered. Treatment for vulvar dermatoses should be etiology dependent with consideration of systemic treatment as appropriately indicated. Vulvar hygiene should be considered in all patients as restoring the skin barrier and removing potential irritants is imperative to healing and preventing further irritation. This review contains 1 figure, 2 tables, and 25 references. Keywords: vulva, vulva dermatosis, vulvovaginitis, lichen sclerosus, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, streptococcus vulvovaginitis, irritant dermatitis, contact dermatitis

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NATURAL COSMETICS IN THE CARE OF YOUNG CHILDREN

PEDIATRIA Journal named after G N SPERANSKY ◽

10.24110/0031-403x-2020-99-6-155-162 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 99 (6) ◽

pp. 155-162

Author(s):

O.B. Tamrazova ◽

◽

S.P. Seleznev ◽

A.V. Tamrazova ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skin Barrier ◽

Structural Features ◽

Transepidermal Water Loss ◽

General Information ◽

Skin Barrier Function ◽

Skin Physiology ◽

Main Emphasis ◽

Antimicrobial Protection ◽

Irritant Dermatitis ◽

Adaptive Shifts

The article provides general information about the skin physiology of newborns and infants. Structural features of the skin and main adaptive shifts in newborns, are described. Тhe child has an increase in the skin barrier function of the skin, which prevents transepidermal water loss; active synthesis of natural moisturizing factor (NMF) components that control skin hydration; shift of pH to acidic environment; normalization of thermoregulatory functions; enhancement of the photoprotective function; immune restructuring for antimicrobial protection; formation of a normal microbiome. The article describes the consequences of improper skin care of a newborn, using the example of diaper dermatitis, irritant dermatitis, prickly heat and vesiculopustulosis. The importance of using specialized children's cosmetics in caring for an infant is assessed. The basic recommendations for the choice of these products are presented, where the main emphasis is on the choice of products consisting of natural ingredients. Giving preference to natural cosmetics, everyone should carefully study the composition of these products and trust the manufacturers who can guarantee safety of care products for the youngest children.

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Approach to the Assessment and Management of Pediatric Patients With Atopic Dermatitis: A Consensus Document. Section III: Treatment Options for Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis

Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery ◽

10.1177/1203475419882647 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (5_suppl) ◽

pp. 19S-31S

Author(s):

Perla Lansang ◽

Joseph M. Lam ◽

Danielle Marcoux ◽

Vimal H. Prajapati ◽

Shanna Spring ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Maintenance Therapy ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Skin Barrier ◽

Active Therapy ◽

Disease Treatment ◽

Consensus Document ◽

Emerging Therapies ◽

Clinical Considerations

Because atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing disease, treatment requires the use of both active therapy to control flares and preventative maintenance therapy to promote integrity of the skin barrier. In this third of four sections, important clinical considerations for the treatment of pediatric AD are reviewed. Emerging therapies in development for pediatric AD are introduced.

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Exotropia in Pediatric Patients

Vision Development & Rehabilitation ◽

10.31707/vdr2016.2.1.p13 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 13-23

Keyword(s):

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Chart Review ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Retrospective Chart Review ◽

Primary Reason ◽

Average Deviation ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

One Year ◽

Systemic Condition

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the clinical characteristics of pediatric (under age 13) patients with exotropia in terms of deviation magnitude, frequency, associated systemic and ocular conditions, and treatment options. Methods: A retrospective chart review of pediatric patients with the diagnosis of exotropia, examined in the ophthalmology department of a children’s hospital over a one year period, was conducted. Results: The yield was 787 charts, of which 403 had complete data. The primary reason for examination was eye turn noted (68%). The most common systemic condition associated with exotropia with was attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (4%) and the most common ocular condition was retinopathy of prematurity (3%). The average deviation was 18.6 prism diopters at distance and 14.9 prism diopters at near. The majority of cases were managed by observation, followed by patching and surgery. Conclusions: Exotropia is a binocular condition that may exist in isolation or in association with systemic conditions. Most cases in this study involved intermittent deviations. Further studies, including longer periods of observation and treatment are needed to determine the natural course and most appropriate clinical management.

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Ophthalmologic Emergencies

Pediatric Emergencies ◽

10.1093/med/9780190073879.003.0039 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 457-478

Author(s):

Kate Kaufman

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Blunt Trauma ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Systemic Treatment ◽

Chemical Exposure ◽

Eye Injuries ◽

Eye Size ◽

Atypical Presentations ◽

Neonatal Conjunctivitis

Despite sharing similar eye size and anatomy with adults, pediatric patients have unique patterns of ophthalmic infection and injury. Children, especially neonates, have a significantly less developed resistance to the systemic and central nervous system complications associated with ophthalmic infections and trauma. This chapter reviews pediatric eye conditions with a focus on practical approaches for diagnosis and treatment. Special considerations for neonatal conjunctivitis and dacryocystitis are addressed including indications for systemic treatment and criteria for admission. Guidelines are given for the treatment of household chemical exposure and for eye injuries from foreign bodies or blunt trauma. Common and atypical presentations are discussed. Treatment and selected procedures are detailed.

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Pediatric Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus: A Retrospective Analysis of 38 Pediatric Patients

International Journal of Clinical Practice ◽

10.1111/ijcp.14661 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Basak Yalici‐Armagan ◽

Ecem Bostan ◽

Neslihan Akdogan ◽

Sibel Ersoy‐Evans

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Analysis ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Lichen Sclerosus ◽

Lichen Sclerosus Et Atrophicus

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Thyroid storm after choking

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1515/jpem-2018-0072 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (8) ◽

pp. 933-936 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ana L. Creo ◽

Bryan C. Cannon ◽

Siobhan T. Pittock

Keyword(s):

Adolescent Girl ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Medical Attention ◽

Thyroid Storm ◽

Neck Swelling ◽

Case Presentation ◽

Cat Scan ◽

Threatening Condition ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Hyperthyroid Patients

Abstract Background: A thyroid storm (TS) is a rare, but life-threatening condition in hyperthyroid patients. Mortality in adult TS patients may be as high as 10%. Typically, a trigger precipitates the storm in hyperthyroid patients. Case presentation: We report the case of an adolescent girl with untreated hyperthyroidism who developed fulminant TS after a significant choking episode. Initially, she was found to have neck swelling and tachycardia leading providers to suspect infection. She deteriorated after a CAT Scan (CT) was performed with iodine contrast, potentially worsening storm symptoms. Here, we describe the case, the treatment strategy and propose a treatment modification for pediatric patients. Conclusions: While many children are found to have minor abnormalities in thyroid studies, this case highlights the critical importance of prompt medical attention for any child with significantly elevated free thyroxine (FT4) levels as morbidity can occur when left untreated.

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