Small Scale Photovoltaic-Wind Hybrid Systems in D.R. Congo: Status and Sustainability

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanzumba Kusakana ◽  
Herman Vermaak
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Systems ◽  
Small Scale

Design Optimization of Sustainable Off-Grid Power Systems for the Developing World

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Bilton ◽  
Leah Kelley ◽  
Francesco Mazzini
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Hybrid Systems ◽  
System Reliability ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Hospital ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Method Show

Electrification of remote areas in the developing world can greatly improve the health and economic standing of the population. Unfortunately, providing power to these remote areas can be expensive and determining the most economical solution is not trivial. This paper presents a method to compare the economics of different small-scale power systems for developing world. In this method, models are developed to describe the performance of power systems composed of diesel generators, batteries with photovoltaics or wind turbines, and hybrid systems. These models are coupled to an optimizer to determine the lowest cost solution that meets the desired system reliability. The reliability is expressed as Loss of Load Probability, and is computed using hourly solar and wind data. In this paper, this method is used to design a power system for a small hospital in the developing world. The results are presented for three sample locations in Honduras, Pakistan, and Uganda. Results show that the economic attractiveness of different technologies varies greatly due to local climatic conditions. The variety and soundness of the solutions found using this method show that it can aid in the design of a small-scale power system for any location in the developing world.

Energetic Assessment of a Local District Heating Network With a Small-Scale Trigeneration Plant: Comparison of Different Performance Indices

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Badami ◽  
Armando Portoraro ◽  
Dario Savarese
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Hybrid Systems ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Thermal Generation ◽  
European Standards

Combined Heat and Power (CHP) is a technology that has been proven to be very effective in the industrial sector, when both thermal and electrical energy are required, as it allows a more rational use of the input primary energy. However, CHP technology is not limited to industrial uses, as it can also be effectively exploited in the civil sector, such as in District Heating (DH) applications. Moreover, in recent years the opportunity to develop hybrid systems, in which traditional and renewable energy sources are integrated, is gaining more and more consideration. For these reasons, the most recent European Standards propose a set of newly conceived indices whose aim is easily assessing the energetic performances of DH networks, but the effectiveness of these indices in the study of DH networks coupled with CHP and renewable energy systems has not yet been thoroughly investigated. This paper presents a comparative study, based on these indices, of different electrical and thermal generation technologies, with the aim of assessing their effectiveness when hybrid systems are analyzed. A CHP-DH application, actually installed and in operation in Turin, Italy, has also been considered in the analysis, in order to have a comparison with a real case. The results of the study are presented and discussed in detail in the following sections.

scholarly journals Small-Scale Solar–Bio-Hybrid Power Generation Using Brayton and Rankine Cycles

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 472
Author(s):  
Mauricio Bustamante ◽  
Abraham Engeda ◽  
Wei Liao
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Hybrid Systems ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Hybrid Power ◽  
Renewable Energy Generation ◽  
Power Generation Systems

This study conducted a detailed technical analysis of small-scale solar–bio-hybrid power generation systems using Rankine (steam turbine) and Brayton (gas turbine) cycles. Thermodynamic models were developed to characterize the state of working fluid and select the most suitable solar collection technology for individual power generation systems. Net capacity factor of power generation and utilization efficiencies of solar and biogas energy were used as parameters to evaluate energy generation and conclude the preferred system configuration. The analysis concluded that the steam turbine system has better global efficiency (67.7%) than the gas turbine system (55.7%), while the gas turbine system has better electricity generation efficiency (27.0%) than that (5.6%) of the steam turbine system. The effects of different climates on the selection of suitable hybrid systems were also investigated to delineate suitability and feasibility of different hybrid systems. In addition, the method used in this study can also be applied to investigate and optimize other small-scale hybrid renewable energy generation systems.

Economic evaluation of small-scale photovoltaic hybrid systems for mini-grid applications in far north Cameroon

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 2391-2398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nfah Eustace Mbaka ◽  
Ngundam John Mucho ◽  
Kenne Godpromesse
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Hybrid Systems ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Far North ◽  
Grid Applications

Reasons to strike first

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Buckner ◽  
Luke Glowacki
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Small Scale

Abstract De Dreu and Gross predict that attackers will have more difficulty winning conflicts than defenders. As their analysis is presumed to capture the dynamics of decentralized conflict, we consider how their framework compares with ethnographic evidence from small-scale societies, as well as chimpanzee patterns of intergroup conflict. In these contexts, attackers have significantly more success in conflict than predicted by De Dreu and Gross's model. We discuss the possible reasons for this disparity.

Exploring Coronal Structures with SOHO

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 403-406
Author(s):  
M. Karovska ◽  
B. Wood ◽  
J. Chen ◽  
J. Cook ◽  
R. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Solar Corona ◽  
Image Enhancement ◽  
Coronal Mass Ejections ◽  
Dynamical Evolution ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Contrast Structures ◽  
Scale Structures ◽  
Small Scale Structures ◽  
Coronal Structures

AbstractWe applied advanced image enhancement techniques to explore in detail the characteristics of the small-scale structures and/or the low contrast structures in several Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) observed by SOHO. We highlight here the results from our studies of the morphology and dynamical evolution of CME structures in the solar corona using two instruments on board SOHO: LASCO and EIT.

Scanning tunneling microscopy and atomic force microscopy: New tools for biology

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 778-779
Author(s):  
CE Bracker ◽  
P. K. Hansma
Keyword(s):  
Physical Property ◽  
Scanning Probe ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
New Family ◽  
Small Probe ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Transmission Electron

A new family of scanning probe microscopes has emerged that is opening new horizons for investigating the fine structure of matter. The earliest and best known of these instruments is the scanning tunneling microscope (STM). First published in 1982, the STM earned the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physics for two of its inventors, G. Binnig and H. Rohrer. They shared the prize with E. Ruska for his work that had led to the development of the transmission electron microscope half a century earlier. It seems appropriate that the award embodied this particular blend of the old and the new because it demonstrated to the world a long overdue respect for the enormous contributions electron microscopy has made to the understanding of matter, and at the same time it signalled the dawn of a new age in microscopy. What we are seeing is a revolution in microscopy and a redefinition of the concept of a microscope.Several kinds of scanning probe microscopes now exist, and the number is increasing. What they share in common is a small probe that is scanned over the surface of a specimen and measures a physical property on a very small scale, at or near the surface. Scanning probes can measure temperature, magnetic fields, tunneling currents, voltage, force, and ion currents, among others.

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