scholarly journals Comparison of facemask therapy effects using skeletal and tooth-borne anchorage:

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeon-Jong Lee ◽  
Dong-Soon Choi ◽  
Insan Jang ◽  
Bong-Kuen Cha
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Success ◽  
Clinical Success Rate ◽  
Skeletal Anchorage ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Pubertal Stage ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Cephalometric Changes

ABSTRACT Objectives To investigate long-term outcomes of dentoskeletal changes induced by facemask therapy using skeletal anchorage in Class III patients and compare them to those of conventional tooth-borne anchorage. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included 20 patients who received facemask (FM) therapy with miniplates as anchorage for maxillary protraction (Miniplate/FM group, 10.6 ± 1.1 years old [mean ± SD]) and 23 patients who were treated with facemask with rapid maxillary expander (RME/FM group, 10.0 ± 1.5 years old [mean ± SD]). Dentoskeletal changes were evaluated using lateral cephalograms at pretreatment (T1), after facemask therapy (T2), and at the post-pubertal stage (T3). Cephalometric changes were compared between groups and clinical success rates at T3 were evaluated. Results SNA and A to N perpendicular to FH increased significantly more in the Miniplate/FM group than in the RME/FM group when comparing short-term effects of facemask therapy (T1–T2). ANB, Wits appraisal, Angle of convexity, mandibular plane angle, and overjet decreased significantly more in the RME/FM group than in the Miniplate/FM group after facemask therapy (T2–T3). A more favorable intermaxillary relationship was observed in the Miniplate/FM group than in the RME/FM group in long-term observations (T1–T3). Clinical success rate at T3 was 95% in the Miniplate/FM group and 85% in the RME/FM group. Conclusions Facemask therapy with skeletal anchorage showed a greater advancement of the maxilla and more favorable stability for correction of Class III malocclusion in the long-term than conventional facemask therapy with tooth-borne anchorage.

scholarly journals Factors associated with long-term vertical skeletal changes induced by facemask therapy in patients with Class III malocclusion

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee-Jong Kwak ◽  
Hae-Jin Park ◽  
Yoon-Ji Kim ◽  
Dong-Yul Lee
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Gonial Angle ◽  
Skeletal Changes ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Objectives: This study investigated the long-term vertical skeletal changes induced by facemask therapy in patients with Class III malocclusion and different vertical skeletal patterns. Materials and Methods: A total of 54 patients (20 boys and 34 girls; mean age, 7.7 ± 2.0 years) with Class III malocclusion who were successfully treated with facemask therapy were included in this study. Vertical skeletal changes (overbite depth indicator, angle between the Sella-Nasion (SN) plane and Gonion-Gnathion (GoGn) line, angle between the Frankfort horizontal (FH) plane and mandibular plane, gonial angle, and angle between the SN plane and palatal plane) were measured on lateral cephalograms from before treatment (T0) to after facemask therapy (T1) and from T0 to after retention (T2). Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to study the associations of the patients' skeletal patterns with the short-term (T0–T1) and long-term (T0–T2) vertical skeletal changes as a result of facemask therapy. Results: The mean treatment period of facemask therapy (T0–T1) was 1.4 ± 0.6 years, and the mean retention period (T1–T2) was 6.9 ± 2.6 years. Age at T0 was significantly correlated with vertical skeletal changes from T0 to T1. Differences in the treatment results between sexes were not significant. The angle between point A-point B line and mandibular plane to mandibular plane angle at T0 and the angle between the FH plane and mandibular plane at T0 were significant predictors for short-term and long-term changes. Changes in the Sella-Nasion-point A from T0 to T1 and from T1 to T2 significantly affected vertical changes in the short term and long term, respectively. Conclusions: Vertical skeletal changes as a result of facemask therapy are significantly associated with severity of the skeletal Class III malocclusion and mandibular plane angulation before treatment and the amount of forward maxillary growth during the treatment and retention periods.

scholarly journals Clinical outcome of endoscopic therapy in patients with symptomatic pancreas divisum: a Dutch cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 09 (07) ◽  
pp. E1164-E1170
Author(s):  
David M. de Jong ◽  
Pauline M. Stassen ◽  
Jan Werner Poley ◽  
Paul Fockens ◽  
Robin Timmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Endoscopic Therapy ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Pancreas Divisum ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Clinical Success Rate ◽  
Recurrent Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Pancréas Divisum

Abstract Background and study aims Although the majority of patients with pancreas divisum (PDiv) are asymptomatic, a subgroup present with recurrent pancreatitis or pain for which endoscopic therapy may be indicated. The aim of this study was to evaluate success rates and long-term outcomes of endoscopic treatment in patients with symptomatic PDiv. Patients and methods A multicenter, retrospective cohort study was performed. Patients with symptomatic PDiv presenting with recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP), chronic pancreatitis (CP), or chronic abdominal pancreatic-type pain (CAP) who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) between January 2000 and December 2019 were included. The primary outcome was clinical success, defined as either no recurrent episode of acute pancreatitis (AP) for RAP patients, no flares for CP patients, or absence of abdominal pain for patients with CAP after technically successful ERCP. Results In 60 of 81 patients (74.1 %) a technically successful papilla minor intervention was performed. Adverse events were reported in 30 patients (37 %), with post-ERCP pancreatitis in 18 patients. The clinical success rate for patients with at least 3 months of follow-up was 42.6 %, with higher rates of success among patients presenting with RAP (44.4 %) as compared to those with CP (33.3 %) or CAP (33.3 %). Long-term sustained response was present in 40.9 % of patients with a technically successful intervention. In patients with RAP who did not completely respond to treatment, the mean number of AP episodes after treatment decreased significantly from 3.5 to 1.1 per year, and subsequently the interval between AP episodes increased from 278 to 690 days (P = 0.0006). A potential predictive factor of failure of clinical success after technically successful ERCP, at univariate analysis, was male sex (OR = 0.25, P = 0.02). Conclusions Endoscopic therapy in patients with symptomatic PDiv is moderately effective, with its highest yield in patients presenting with RAP. Future studies are needed to assess factors predictive for success of endoscopic therapy and potential risk factors for relapse after ERCP.

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Drainage and Treatment of Symptomatic Pancreatic Fluid Collection following Acute or Acute-on-Chronic Pancreatitis – A Single Center Case Series

2018 ◽  
Vol 143 (06) ◽  
pp. 577-585
Author(s):  
Dominik Kaczmarek ◽  
Jacob Nattermann ◽  
Christian Strassburg ◽  
Tobias Weismüller
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Endoscopic Ultrasound ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Fluid Collection ◽  
Clinical Success Rate ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Pancreatic Fluid Collection ◽  
Endoscopic Procedures ◽  
Pancreatic Fluid

Abstracts Introduction Pancreatic fluid collection (PFC) is a common complication of acute pancreatitis. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided drainage, which is often followed by direct endoscopic necrosectomy (DEN), has become the primary approach to treat PFC, including pancreatic pseudocysts (PP) and walled-off necrosis (WON). We aimed to determine retrospectively the short- and long-term results of patients treated in our endoscopy unit and to identify parameters that are associated with treatment efficacy and outcome. Methods The data of 41 consecutive patients with post-pancreatitic PFC, who underwent endoscopic transmural intervention between 2014 and 2016, were analyzed retrospectively. After an initial EUS-guided puncture, one or more plastic stents were placed and DEN was performed if necrotic tissue remained. Results The mean diameter of the PFC was 74.0 ± 4.8 mm. Of the PFCs, 29.3% were classified as PP and 70.7% as WON. Altogether, 196 transmural endoscopic procedures were performed, including 73 endoscopic necrosectomies in a subgroup of 21 patients (20 WON, 1 PP). Initial technical success was achieved in 97.6% of patients and the short-term clinical success rate was 90.2%. The long-term clinical success rate was 82.9%, since four patients died from septic shock and/or multiple organ failure and three patients developed recurrent PFC some months after the initial discharge from endoscopic treatment. Procedural complications were registered in 9 patients during 10 of 196 endoscopic procedures (5.1%): bleeding (6), cardiorespiratory insufficiency (2), perforation with pneumoperitoneum (1), aspiration with respiratory insufficiency (1), and non-perforating superficial damage of the gastric wall (1). Neither the size of the PFC nor the initial value of C-reactive protein (CRP) or other biochemical markers were correlated with efficacy or outcome of treatment. Only the cumulative number of days with CRP > 50 mg/L significantly correlated with the number of follow-up endoscopic sessions and DEN. Fungal colonization of PFC correlated significantly (p < 0.05) with the risk of mortality (44% vs. 0%), need for intensive care treatment (66.7% vs. 25%), and sepsis (55.6% vs. 12.5%). Conclusions We confirm that EUS-guided drainage followed by DEN in patients with solid necrotic material is an effective and relatively safe therapeutic approach. Prolonged elevation of CRP and fungal colonisation of the PFC are associated with a worse course of the disease.

One-year results of gastric peroral endoscopic myotomy for refractory gastroparesis: a French multicenter study

Endoscopy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Ragi ◽  
Jérémie Jacques ◽  
Julien Branche ◽  
Sarah Leblanc ◽  
Geoffroy Vanbiervliet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Multicenter Study ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Clinical Success Rate ◽  
Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy ◽  
Gastric Retention ◽  
Endoscopic Myotomy ◽  
Cardinal Symptom

Abstract Background: Data on the long-term outcomes of gastric peroral endoscopic myotomy (G-POEM) for refractory gastroparesis are lacking. We report the results of a large multicenter long-term follow-up study of G-POEM for refractory gastroparesis. Methods: This was a retrospective multicenter study of all G-POEM operations performed in seven expert French centers for refractory gastroparesis with at least 1 year of follow-up. The primary endpoint was the 1-year clinical success rate, defined as at least a 1-point improvement in the Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index (GCSI). Results: 76 patients were included (60.5 % women; age 56 years). The median symptom duration was 48 months. The median gastric retention at 4 hours (H4) before G-POEM was 45 % (interquartile range [IQR] 29 % – 67 %). The median GCSI before G-POEM was 3.6 (IQR 2.8 – 4.0). Clinical success was achieved in 65.8 % of the patients at 1 year, with a median rate of reduction in the GCSI score of 41 %. In logistic regression analysis, only a high preoperative GCSI satiety subscale score was predictive of clinical success (odds ratio [OR] 3.41, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.01 – 11.54; P = 0.048), while a high rate of gastric retention at H4 was significantly associated with clinical failure (OR 0.97, 95 %CI 0.95 – 1.00; P = 0.03). Conclusions: The results confirm the efficacy of G-POEM for the treatment of refractory gastroparesis, as evidenced by a 65.8 % clinical success rate at 1 year. Although G-POEM is promising, prospective sham-controlled trials are urgently needed to confirm its efficacy and identify the patient populations who will benefit most from this procedure.

scholarly journals Feasibility of transrectal and transperineal fiducial marker placement for prostate cancer before proton therapy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kengo Ohta ◽  
Hiroyuki Ogino ◽  
Hiromitsu Iwata ◽  
Shingo Hashimoto ◽  
Yukiko Hattori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Proton Therapy ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Clinical Success Rate ◽  
Fiducial Marker ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Migration Rates ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Lower Pain

Abstract Background To compare the feasibility of transrectal and transperineal fiducial marker placement for prostate cancer before proton therapy. Materials and Methods From 2013 to 2015, the first 40 prostate cancer patients that were scheduled for proton therapy underwent transrectal fiducial marker placement, and the next 40 patients underwent transperineal fiducial marker placement (the first series). Technical and clinical success and pain scores were evaluated. In the second series (n = 280), the transrectal or transperineal approach was selected depending on the presence/absence of comorbidities, such as blood coagulation abnormalities. Seven patients refused to undergo the procedure. Thus, the total number of patients across both series was 353 (262 and 91 underwent the transrectal and transperineal approach, respectively). Technical and clinical success, complications, marker migration and the distance between the two markers were evaluated. Results In the first series, the technical and clinical success rates were 100% in both groups. The transrectal group exhibited lower pain scores than the transperineal group. The overall technical success rates of the transrectal and transperineal groups were 100% (262/262) and 99% (90/91), respectively (P &gt; 0.05). The overall clinical success rate was 100% in both groups, and there were no major complications in either group. The migration rates of the two groups did not differ significantly. The mean distance between the two markers was 25.6 ± 7.1 mm (mean ± standard deviation) in the transrectal group and 31.9 ± 5.2 mm in the transperineal group (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion Both the transrectal and transperineal fiducial marker placement methods are feasible and safe.

scholarly journals Long-term follow-up of abandoned transvenous defibrillator leads: a nationwide cohort study

EP Europace ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 1097-1102
Author(s):  
Anders Fyhn Elgaard ◽  
Jens Brock Johansen ◽  
Jens Cosedis Nielsen ◽  
Christian Gerdes ◽  
Sam Riahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Success ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Clinical Success Rate ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Lead Extraction ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Major Complications ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Abstract Aims  Commonly, a dysfunctional defibrillator lead is abandoned and a new lead is implanted. Long-term follow-up data on abandoned leads are sparse. We aimed to investigate the incidence and reasons for extraction of abandoned defibrillator leads in a nationwide cohort and to describe extraction procedure-related complications. Methods and results  All abandoned transvenous defibrillator leads were identified in the Danish Pacemaker and ICD Register from 1991 to 2019. The event-free survival of abandoned defibrillator leads was studied, and medical records of patients with interventions on abandoned defibrillator leads were audited for procedure-related data. We identified 740 abandoned defibrillator leads. Meantime from implantation to abandonment was 7.2 ± 3.8 years with mean patient age at abandonment of 66.5 ± 13.7 years. During a mean follow-up after abandonment of 4.4 ± 3.1 years, 65 (8.8%) abandoned defibrillator leads were extracted. Most frequent reason for extraction was infection (pocket and systemic) in 41 (63%) patients. Procedural outcome after lead extraction was clinical success in 63 (97%) patients. Minor complications occurred in 3 (5%) patients, and major complications in 1 (2%) patient. No patient died from complication to the procedure during 30-day follow-up after extraction. Conclusion  More than 90% of abandoned defibrillator leads do not need to be extracted during long-term follow-up. The most common indication for extraction is infection. Abandoned defibrillator leads can be extracted with high clinical success rate and low risk of major complications at high-volume centres.

Periprocedural and Long-Term Outcomes of Stent Implantation for De Novo Subclavian Artery Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 284-291
Author(s):  
Hirokazu Onishi ◽  
Toru Naganuma ◽  
Koji Hozawa ◽  
Tomohiko Sato ◽  
Hisaaki Ishiguro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subclavian Artery ◽  
Stent Implantation ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Primary Patency ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Procedural Success

Introduction: The purpose of the current study was to investigate the periprocedural and long-term outcomes of stent implantation for de novo subclavian artery (SCA) disease. Material and Methods: We retrospectively investigated consecutive patients with de novo SCA lesions undergoing elective endovascular therapy procedures at our center between April 2004 and September 2015. All patients were included in the analyses of periprocedural outcomes, including procedural and clinical success. Subsequently, patients who completed the clinical follow-up and were assessed with brachial systolic pressure differences between the diseased and the contralateral arms, or angiographic stenosis, after stent implantation with procedural success were included in the analyses of long-term outcomes, including primary patency. Results: There were 62 patients (median 71.0 years, interquartile range 65.3-76.0 years; 45 men) with 62 de novo SCA lesions included in the analyses of periprocedural outcomes. There were 46 stenoses (74.2%) and 16 occlusions (25.8%). Our results indicated high procedural success rates for overall (95.2%), stenotic (97.8%), and occlusive (87.5%) lesions. Similarly, high clinical success rates were observed for overall (91.9%), stenotic (93.5%), and occlusive (87.5%) lesions. The median follow-up time was 6.0 years (interquartile range, 2.6-8.3 years). There were 48 patients with 48 de novo SCA lesions included in the analyses of long-term outcomes. Primary patency estimates were 97.7% (1 year), 97.7% (3 years), 93.1% (5 years), and 87.6% (7 years). Also, we observed a high estimate for freedom from reintervention for the target vessel (93.8%). Conclusion: Stent implantation for de novo SCA disease can be performed successfully and safely with favorable periprocedural and long-term outcomes.

scholarly journals Safety and effectiveness of a novel generator algorithm for bipolar vessel sealing: a randomised controlled chronic animal study

BMC Surgery ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Kraemer ◽  
Christos Tsaousidis ◽  
Stephan Kruck ◽  
Martin Schenk ◽  
Marcus Scharpf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Study ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Lateral Spread ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Vessel Sealing ◽  
Thermal Spread

Abstract Background Electrosurgical vessel sealers are gradually replacing conventional techniques such as ligation and clipping. Algorithms that control electrosurgical units (ESU), known as modes, are important for applications in different surgical disciplines. This chronic porcine animal study aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the novel thermoSEAL electrosurgical vessel sealing mode (TSM). The BiClamp® mode (BCM) of the renowned VIO® 300 D ESU served as control. BCM has been widely available since 2002 and has since been successfully used in many surgical disciplines. The TSM, for the novel VIO® 3 ESU, was developed to reduce sealing time and/or thermal lateral spread adjacent to the seal while maintaining clinical success rates. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the long-term and intraoperative seal quality of TSM. Methods The BiCision® device was used for vessel sealing with TSM and BCM in ten German Landrace pigs which underwent splenectomy and unilateral nephrectomy during the first intervention of the study. The seals were cut with the BiCision® knife. Ninety-nine arteries, veins and vascular bundles were chronically sealed for 5 or 21 days. Thereafter, during the second and terminal intervention of the study, 97 additional arteries and veins were sealed. The carotid arteries were used for histological evaluation of thermal spread. Results After each survival period, no long-term complications occurred with either mode. The intraoperative seal failure rates, i.e. vessel leaking or residual blood flow after the first sealing activation, were 2% with TSM versus 6% with BCM (p = 0.28). The sealing time was significantly shorter with TSM (3.5 ± 0.69 s vs. 7.3 ± 1.3 s, p < 0.0001). The thermal spread and burst pressure of arteries sealed with both modes were similar (p = 0.18 and p = 0.61) and corresponded to the histological evaluation. The measured tissue sticking parameter was rare with both modes (p = 0.33). Tissue charring did not occur. Regarding the cut quality, 97% of the seals were severed in the first and 3% in the second attempt (both with TSM and BCM). Conclusions The novel TSM seals blood vessels twice as fast as the BCM while maintaining excellent tissue effect and clinical success rates. Trial registration Not applicable.

scholarly journals Development and validation of a prediction model for long-term unsuccess of early treatment of Class III malocclusion

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo Quiroga Souki ◽  
Michele Nieri ◽  
Chiara Pavoni ◽  
Helena Maria Pavan Barros ◽  
Tarcisio Junqueira Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Early Treatment ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Unsuccessful Treatment ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Bivariate Logistic Regression

Summary Aim To develop and validate a prediction model to forecast long-term stability of early treatment with rapid maxillary expansion (RME) and facemask (FM) in a large sample of Class III growing patients. Methods The Brazilian Group (BG) consisted of 73 consecutively treated Caucasian Class III patients (41 females and 32 males). Mean age at T0 (before treatment) was 7.1 ± 1.6 years, while mean age at T1 (long-term follow-up) was 21.8 ± 3.2 years. The Italian Group (IG, validation cohort) comprised 28 consecutively treated Caucasian Class III patients (14 females and 14 males, mean age at T0 9.0 ± 1.3 years and mean age at T1 18.2 ± 1.4 years). Cephalometric analysis was performed on lateral cephalograms at T0. Gender and cephalometric variables, chronologic age, and dentition phase at T0 were used as predictors for long-term unsuccessful treatment at T1. All predictors for unsuccessful treatment in the BG were subjected to bivariate logistic regression. Only those statistically significant predictors in the bivariate logistic regression entered mixed stepwise logistic regression with P = 0.05 to enter and to leave. The validity of the prediction model derived from the BG was then tested on the IG. Results The prediction model consisted of only one cephalometric variable: the angle between the Condylar Axis and the Mandibular Plane (CondAx–MP) (odds ratio: 1.52, 95% confidence interval: 1.25–1.85, P &lt; 0.0001). Unsuccessful treatment at T1 was predicted for values of CondAx–MP at T0 greater than the cut-off value of 147.8 degrees. BG patients predicted incorrectly were 3 out of 22 for the unsuccessful cases and 1 out of 51 for the successful cases. Therefore, accuracy was 0.95, sensitivity 0.86, specificity 0.98, and positive and negative predictive values were 0.95 and 0.94. When the predictive model was applied on IG, all five unsuccessful cases were predicted correctly, while only 1 out of 23 successful patients was predicted incorrectly. Conclusion CondAx-ML was identified as a reliable predictor for long-term stability of early Class III treatment with RME and FM.

Comparison of skeletal anchorage and tooth-borne maxillary protraction followed by fixed appliance in Class III malocclusion

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Hoon Lee ◽  
Sang-Duck Koh ◽  
Dong-Hwa Chung ◽  
Jin-Woo Lee ◽  
Sang-Min Lee
Keyword(s):  
Phase Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Skeletal Anchorage ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Fixed Appliance ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Maxillary Protraction ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Residual Growth

Summary Objectives The purpose of this study was to compare the results of skeletal anchorage (SAMP) and tooth- borne (TBMP) maxillary protraction followed by fixed appliance in growing skeletal Class III patients. Materials and methods Patients treated with maxillary protraction were selected and classified into two groups (SAMP: n = 19, mean age = 11.19 years; TBMP: n = 27, mean age = 11.21 years). Lateral cephalograms taken before treatment (T0), after the maxillary protraction (T1), and after the fixed appliance treatment (T2) were analysed and all variables were statistically tested to find difference between the two groups. Results Compared to the TBMP, the SAMP showed significant forward growth of maxilla (Co-A point and SN-Orbitale) and improvement in intermaxillary relationship (ANB, AB to mandible plane, and APDI) after the overall treatment (T0–T2), with no significant sagittal changes in maxilla or mandible throughout the fixed appliance treatment (T1–T2). Limitations In maxillary protraction, effects of skeletal anchorage were retrospectively compared with those of dental anchorage, not with Class I or III control. Conclusions and implications After maxillary protraction, skeletal and tooth-borne anchorage did not cause significant differences in the residual growth of maxilla throughout the phase II treatment. Orthopaedic effects with skeletal anchorage showed appropriate stability in maxilla and intermaxillary relationship even after fixed appliance treatment.

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