scholarly journals In Situ Observation of Solidification Behaviors in Carbon Steels Using Synchrotron X-ray Imaging

Materia Japan ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 467-470
Author(s):  
Tomoya Nagira ◽  
Hideyuki Yasuda ◽  
Masato Yoshiya
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steels ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging

In Situ Soldering Process Technique by Synchrotron X-Ray Imaging

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 508-512
Author(s):  
M.A.A. Mohd Salleh ◽  
A. Sugiyama ◽  
Hideyuki Yasuda ◽  
Stuart D. McDonald ◽  
Kazuhiro Nogita
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Void Formation ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Cu Substrate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Soldering Process ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Free Solder ◽  
First Time

This paper demonstrates the development of an experimental technique of in-situ observation for soldering of Sn-0.7wt%Cu lead-free solder on a Cu substrate which was achieved for the first time by synchrotron X-ray imaging. Reactions between liquid solder and Cu substrate during a soldering process were able to be recorded in real-time. Individual stages of the soldering process consisted of flux activation in removal of Cu oxide, solder melting and contact with the Cu substrate (wetting) and intermetallic compound (IMC) and void formation between the solder and Cu substrate. The technique development which includes experimental setup with calculated optimum beam energy in the range of 20 – 30 keV appears to result in a clear observation of real-time X-ray imaging of the soldering process. This technique provides a key method to understand the mechanism of formation of micro-electronic inter-connects for future electronic packaging applications.

In Situ Observation of Mass Transfer in the CF-PVT Growth Process by X-Ray Imaging

2006 ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
Didier Chaussende ◽  
Peter J. Wellmann ◽  
M. Ucar ◽  
Michel Pons ◽  
Roland Madar
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging

In Situ Observation of Mass Transfer in the CF-PVT Growth Process by X-Ray Imaging

2006 ◽  
Vol 527-529 ◽  
pp. 63-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didier Chaussende ◽  
Peter J. Wellmann ◽  
M. Ucar ◽  
Michel Pons ◽  
Roland Madar
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Vapour Transport ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Continuous Feed ◽  
Sublimation Technique

The development of the Continuous Feed Physical Vapour Transport (CF-PVT) process requires a perfect control of each phenomenon in the growth cell. Along this line, the present paper gives some inputs on the CF-PVT mass transfer regimes with respect to the process parameters, both from qualitative and quantitative viewpoints. For example, two boundary cases have been evidenced depending on the temperature. At low temperature, the growth is limited by the sublimation step between the source and the seed. In this case, the CF-PVT process can be roughly assimilated to the classical seeded sublimation technique. At high temperature, the process is limited by the feeding step, i.e. the CVD deposition and infiltration on the lower part of the source. Measurements are correlated to in-situ X-ray imaging. The ability of the X-ray imaging to in-situ qualify and quantify the mass transfer is discussed.

Lubricated seizure of mild steel observed by X-ray imaging

2000 ◽  
Vol 214 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Chandrasekaran ◽  
A. W. Batchelor ◽  
N. L. Loh
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Frictional Contacts ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Alloy 6061

Observation of frictional contacts has always been a problem as the contact is normally hidden. In this work, an X-ray microscope has been used for in situ observation of frictional seizure, wear and interfacial features during the testing of mild steel specimens sliding against an Al alloy 6061 disc. This technique enables the interfacial features of the hidden contact to be observed. Seizure tests were conducted at different sliding speeds of 2, 4 and 5 m/s under lubricated conditions with plain mineral oil. The images obtained during the tests indicated that the X-ray attenuation along its path increased with sliding at isolated locations, due possibly to localized changes in path length or attenuation by the degraded mineral oil. The sliding speed was found to have a considerable impact on the degradation of the oil, which affected the seizure behaviour.

Strain Relaxation and In-Situ Observation of Voiding in Passivated Aluminum Alloy Lines.

1993 ◽  
Vol 308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Besser ◽  
Thomas N. Marieb ◽  
John C. Bravman
Keyword(s):  
Strain Relaxation ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Measured Strain ◽  
Ray Geometry

ABSTRACTStrain relaxation in passivated Al-0.5% Cu lines was measured using X-ray diffraction coupled with in-situ observation of the formation and growth of stress induced voids. Samples of 1 μm thick Al-0.5% Cu lines passivated with Si3N4 were heated to 380ºC, then cooled and held at 150ºC. During the test, principal strains along the length, width, and height of the line were determined using a grazing incidence x-ray geometry. From these measurements the hydrostatic strain in the metal was calculated and strain relaxation was observed. The thermal cycle was duplicated in a high voltage scanning transmission electron microscope equipped with a backscattered electron detector. The 1.25 μm wide lines were seen to have initial stress voids. Upon heating these voids reduced in size until no longer observable. Once the samples were cooled to 150ºC, voids reappeared and grew. The measured strain relaxation is discussed in terms of void and θ-phase (Al2Cu) formation.

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