In Situ Soldering Process Technique by Synchrotron X-Ray Imaging

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 508-512
Author(s):  
M.A.A. Mohd Salleh ◽  
A. Sugiyama ◽  
Hideyuki Yasuda ◽  
Stuart D. McDonald ◽  
Kazuhiro Nogita
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Void Formation ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Cu Substrate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Soldering Process ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Free Solder ◽  
First Time

This paper demonstrates the development of an experimental technique of in-situ observation for soldering of Sn-0.7wt%Cu lead-free solder on a Cu substrate which was achieved for the first time by synchrotron X-ray imaging. Reactions between liquid solder and Cu substrate during a soldering process were able to be recorded in real-time. Individual stages of the soldering process consisted of flux activation in removal of Cu oxide, solder melting and contact with the Cu substrate (wetting) and intermetallic compound (IMC) and void formation between the solder and Cu substrate. The technique development which includes experimental setup with calculated optimum beam energy in the range of 20 – 30 keV appears to result in a clear observation of real-time X-ray imaging of the soldering process. This technique provides a key method to understand the mechanism of formation of micro-electronic inter-connects for future electronic packaging applications.

scholarly journals In Situ Observation of Solidification Behaviors in Carbon Steels Using Synchrotron X-ray Imaging

Materia Japan ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 467-470
Author(s):  
Tomoya Nagira ◽  
Hideyuki Yasuda ◽  
Masato Yoshiya
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steels ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging

Real Time Synchrotron X-Ray Imaging for Nucleation and Growth of Cu6Sn5 in Sn-7Cu-0.05Ni High Temperature Lead-Free Solder Alloys

2012 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 200-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Nogita ◽  
Hideyuki Yasuda ◽  
Stuart D. McDonald ◽  
Kentaro Uesugi
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Lead Free Solder ◽  
Solder Alloys ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Solder Microstructure ◽  
Free Solder ◽  
Solidification Pathway

This paper demonstrates how recent progress for real-time solidification observation at SPring-8 synchrotron has contributed to the development of Sn-7wt%Cu-0.05wt%Ni high temperature lead-free solder alloys. Lead-free solder alloys in the composition range Sn-0.7 to 7.6wt%Cu that consist of primary Cu6Sn5in a eutectic Sn-Cu6Sn5matrix have been proposed as solders for application at temperatures up to 400°C for the assembly high current semiconductors. It is shown that trace levels of Al have a marked effect on the solder microstructure and refine the size of the primary Cu6Sn5. The solidification pathway that leads to the refinement was observed in real-time using X-ray synchrotron observations.

High frame-rate real-time x-ray imaging of in situ high-velocity rifle bullets

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence J. D'Aries ◽  
Stuart R. Miller ◽  
Rob Robertson ◽  
Bipin Singh ◽  
Vivek V. Nagarkar
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Frame Rate ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Rifle Bullets

scholarly journals SEGMENTATION AND CORRELATION OF OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY AND X-RAY IMAGES FOR BREAST CANCER DIAGNOSTICS

2013 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 1350015 ◽  
Author(s):  
JONATHAN G. SUN ◽  
STEVEN G. ADIE ◽  
ERIC J. CHANEY ◽  
STEPHEN A. BOPPART
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Specimen Radiography ◽  
Intraoperative Oct

Pre-operative X-ray mammography and intraoperative X-ray specimen radiography are routinely used to identify breast cancer pathology. Recent advances in optical coherence tomography (OCT) have enabled its use for the intraoperative assessment of surgical margins during breast cancer surgery. While each modality offers distinct contrast of normal and pathological features, there is an essential need to correlate image-based features between the two modalities to take advantage of the diagnostic capabilities of each technique. We compare OCT to X-ray images of resected human breast tissue and correlate different tissue features between modalities for future use in real-time intraoperative OCT imaging. X-ray imaging (specimen radiography) is currently used during surgical breast cancer procedures to verify tumor margins, but cannot image tissue in situ. OCT has the potential to solve this problem by providing intraoperative imaging of the resected specimen as well as the in situ tumor cavity. OCT and micro-CT (X-ray) images are automatically segmented using different computational approaches, and quantitatively compared to determine the ability of these algorithms to automatically differentiate regions of adipose tissue from tumor. Furthermore, two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) results are compared. These correlations, combined with real-time intraoperative OCT, have the potential to identify possible regions of tumor within breast tissue which correlate to tumor regions identified previously on X-ray imaging (mammography or specimen radiography).

scholarly journals Single-Shot Multicontrast X-ray Imaging for In Situ Visualization of Chemical Reaction Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Margarita Zakharova ◽  
Andrey Mikhaylov ◽  
Vitor Vlnieska ◽  
Danays Kunka
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
In Situ Visualization ◽  
Different Time Scales

We present the application of single-shot multicontrast X-ray imaging with an inverted Hartmann mask to the time-resolved in situ visualization of chemical reaction products. The real-time monitoring of an illustrative chemical reaction indicated the formation of the precipitate by the absorption, differential phase, and scattering contrast images obtained from a single projection. Through these contrast channels, the formation of the precipitate along the mixing line of the reagents, the border between the solid and the solution, and the presence of the scattering structures of 100–200 nm sizes were observed. The measurements were performed in a flexible and robust setup, which can be tailored to various imaging applications at different time scales.

Characterization of Motion of Dendrite Fragment by X-Ray Radiography on Earth and under Microgravity Environment

2014 ◽  
Vol 790-791 ◽  
pp. 311-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges Salloum-Abou-Jaoude ◽  
Henri Nguyen-Thi ◽  
Guillaume Reinhart ◽  
Ragnvald H. Mathiesen ◽  
Gerhard Zimmermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mushy Zone ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Microgravity Environment ◽  
Bulk Liquid ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solidification Microstructures ◽  
First Time

In the frame of ESA-MAP (Microgravity Application Promotion) project entitled XRMON (In situ X-Ray MONitoring of advanced metallurgical processes under microgravity and terrestrial conditions), a microgravity (μg) experiment in the XRMON-GF (Gradient Furnace) setup was successfully launched in 2012 on board MASER 12 sounding rocket. During this experiment, in situ and real time observations of the formation of the solidification microstructures in diffusive conditions were carried out for the first time by using X-ray radiography. In addition, two reference experiments with the same control parameters but in ground-based conditions were performed to enable us a direct comparison with the μg experiment and therefore to enlighten the effects of gravity upon microstructure formation. This communication reports on fragmentation phenomenon observed during those experiments. For 1g upward solidification, fragmentations mainly take place in the upper part of the mushy zone. After their detachments, dendrite fragments are carried away by buoyancy force in the bulk liquid where they are gradually remelted. For μg experiment and horizontal solidification, this type of fragmentation is not observed. However, a great number of fragmentations are surprisingly revealed by in situ observation in the deep part of the mushy zone, when the liquid fraction is very small. Moreover, as soon as they are detached, the dendrite fragments move toward the cold part of the mushy zone, even in the case of μg experiment. The observations suggest that sample shrinkage may be at the origin of this fragment motion.

In situ observation of void evolution in 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene under compression by synchrotron radiation X-ray nano-computed tomography

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Chen ◽  
Lihui Wu ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Wei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Energetic Materials ◽  
Void Formation ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Irregular Structures ◽  
Computed Tomography Images

The formation and development of voids in 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene crystals under compression were characterized in situ by X-ray nano-computed tomography. Benefiting from high spatial resolution (30 nm) and excellent imaging contrast, the X-ray nano-computed tomography images revealed the presence of a small fraction of inhomogeneous structures in the original crystal (volume ratio ∼1.2%). Such an inhomogeneity acts as a nucleation of voids and produces stress concentration during compression, which leads to continuous growth of the voids under loading. Meanwhile, the results further reveal that the developing voids are not isotropic: voids with higher surface roughness and irregular structures are easier to break and form new micro-voids. These new voids with higher irregular structures are weaker and easier to break into smaller ones compared with the originals, leading to the development of voids along these weak zones. Finally large voids form. The experiments allow direct investigation of void formation and development, which helps in studying the mechanisms of void development and energetic materials deterioration during manufacturing and transporting.

scholarly journals Ball-free mechanochemistry: in situ real-time monitoring of pharmaceutical co-crystal formation by resonant acoustic mixing

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (32) ◽  
pp. 4033-4036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam A. L. Michalchuk ◽  
Karl S. Hope ◽  
Stuart R. Kennedy ◽  
Maria V. Blanco ◽  
Elena V. Boldyreva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Real Time Monitoring ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Resonant Acoustic Mixing ◽  
First Time

Co-crystal formation by resonant acoustic mixing was followed for the first time by in situ real-time X-ray powder diffraction.

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