Residual Stresses and Dimensional Changes Related to the Lattice Parameter Changes of Heat-Treated JIS SKD 11 Tool Steels

Carbon and temperature effects on carbide formation in the carburized zone of M50NiL are of great importance because they can be used to control surface properties of bearings. A series of homogeneous alloys (with M50NiL as base composition) containing various levels of carbon in the range of 0.15% to 1.5% (in wt.%) and heat treated at temperatures between 650°C to 1100°C were selected for characterizations. Eleven samples were chosen for carbide characterization and chemical analysis and their identifications are listed in Table 1.Five different carbides consisting of M6C, M2C, M7C3 and M23C6 were found in all eleven samples examined as shown in Table 1. M6C carbides (with least carbon) were found to be the major carbide in low carbon alloys (<0.3% C) and their amounts decreased as the carbon content increased. In sample C (0.3% C), most particles (95%) encountered were M6C carbide with a particle sizes range between 0.05 to 0.25 um. The M6C carbide are enriched in both Mo and Fe and have a fee structure with lattice parameter a=1.105 nm (Figure 1).

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LUKENS TOOL STEELS

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.ts0550 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

Tool Steel ◽

Cold Work ◽

Tool Steels ◽

Steel Company ◽

Full Size ◽

Heat Treated

Abstract Lukens cold-work tool steels A2, D2, O1, S5, and S7 are used in applications where an air-hardening, oil-hardening, or shock-resisting tool steel is required. These steels are available in full-size, annealed plates suitable for saw cutting and/or finishing. Parts can subsequently be machined and heat treated to a range of hardness requirements. For improved internal cleanliness, all Lukens cold-work tool steels are produced with maximum sulfur levels of 0.010%. This datasheet provides information on composition. It also includes information on machining and joining. Filing Code: TS-550. Producer or source: Lukens Steel Company.

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Phase Constitution and Transformation Behavior of Ni2MnGa-Cu2MnAl Pseudobinary Intermetallic Compounds

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.841 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 475-479 ◽

pp. 841-844 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hideki Hosoda ◽

Yuji Higaki ◽

Shuichi Miyazaki

Keyword(s):

Continuous Solid Solution ◽

Lattice Parameter ◽

The Other ◽

Phase Decomposition ◽

Martensitic Transformation Temperature ◽

Transformation Behavior ◽

Solution Hardening ◽

Phase Constitution ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Curie Temperature Tc

The phase constitution, lattice parameter, martensitic and magnetic transformation behavior and hardness of the Ni2MnGa-Cu2MnAl pseudobinary alloys designed as (Ni2MnGa)x(Cu2MnAl)1-x were investigated in order to improve magnetic properties of Ni2MnGa. It was revealed that L21 Ni2MnGa and Cu2MnAl make a continuous solid solution of (Ni,Cu)2Mn(Ga,Al) when heat treated at 1073K, and that the lattice parameter of the L21 phase increases monotonously with increasing the compositional ratio x, that is, the amount of Cu2MnAl. Curie temperature TC also increases with increasing x. On the other hand, the martensitic transformation temperature of Ni2MnGa seems to decrease rapidly by adding Cu2MnAl. Hardness of the alloys heat-treated at 1073K ranges from HV200 to HV370, and solution hardening was recognized by mixing. When heat treated at 773K, a phase decomposition from L21 phase to Cu9Al4 and b-Mn was confirmed in the Cu2MnAl-rich alloys. The phase decomposition causes a decrease in the lattice parameter of L21 phase and TC and a significant increase in hardness.

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66. Lattice parameter and dimensional changes in graphite irradiated between 300 and 1350°C

Carbon ◽

10.1016/0008-6223(68)90369-2 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 213 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R.W Henson ◽

A.J Perks ◽

J.H.W Simmons

Keyword(s):

Lattice Parameter ◽

Dimensional Changes

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A Study of the Influence of Local Heat Treatment on the Structure of Welded Titanium Pipelines

Defect and Diffusion Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.410.37 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 410 ◽

pp. 37-41

Author(s):

Natalia A. Astafeva ◽

Andrey A. Balanovskiy ◽

Anna A. Pershina

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Residual Stresses ◽

Titanium Alloys ◽

Welded Joints ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Local Heat ◽

Optical Metallography ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Weld Structure ◽

Heat Treatment Method

The article analyzes the results of a study of the influence of zonal heat treatment on the structure of welded joints of pipeline elements made of titanium alloys Ti-3.5Al-1.5Mn. In the manufacture of such structures, the TIG welding method is used to join pipe elements, after which the heat treatment method can be used to relieve residual stresses. The experiments have confirmed the effectiveness of zonal heat treatment preceded by welding. It was revealed that for welded joints made of titanium alloys, heat treatment can stabilize the structure. In experiments conducted by the method of optical metallography, the structure of heat treated and untreated welded joints was investigated. The influence of heat treatment on the weld structure and heat-affected zone was identified.

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Effects of Cryogenic Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High-alloyed Tool Steels

HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials ◽

10.1515/htm-2020-750505 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 75 (5) ◽

pp. 73-93

Author(s):

Alwin Schulz ◽

Chengsong Cui ◽

Matthias Steinbacher ◽

Tuncer Ümit ◽

Martin Wunde ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Wear Resistance ◽

Retained Austenite ◽

Cryogenic Treatment ◽

Homogeneous Distribution ◽

Tool Steels ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Primary Carbides ◽

Complete Transformation

Abstract In this work, the influence of a cryogenic treatment on the microstructure, mechanical properties and wear resistance of the high-alloyed tool steels X38CrMoV5-3, X153CrMoV12 and ~X190CrVMo20-4 were investigated. Based on tempering curves of the steels, the heat treatment parameters were determined for the mechanical and wear specimens so that the conventionally heat-treated steels and the cryogenically treated steels featured similar hardness. The investigations showed that an almost complete transformation of retained austenite and a more homogeneous distribution of secondary carbides in the microstructure could be achieved by incorporating a cryogenic treatment. However, the cryogenic treatment does not show significantly positive effects on the investigated mechanical properties and wear resistance of the tool steels. The wear resistance of the samples was dominated by primary carbides. The cryogenic treatment would have a positive effect on large tool components with large wall thicknesses in terms of uniform and complete transformation of retained austenite throughout the entire components.

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Characterization of residual stresses in heat treated Ti-6Al-4V forgings by machining induced distortion

EPJ Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/epjconf/20100644006 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 44006

Author(s):

B. Regener ◽

C. Krempaszky ◽

E. Werner

Keyword(s):

Residual Stresses ◽

Heat Treated

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Tribological Behaviour of K340 Steel PVD Coated with CrAlSiN Versus Popular Tool Steel Grades

10.20944/preprints202009.0503.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kazimierz Drozd ◽

Mariusz Walczak ◽

Mirosław Szala ◽

Kamil Gancarczyk

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Tool Steel ◽

Sliding Wear ◽

Thermochemical Treatment ◽

Tool Steels ◽

Tribological Behaviour ◽

Wear Performance ◽

Wear Factor ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Steel Grades

The tribological performance of metalwork steel tools is of vital importance in both cold and hot working processes. One solution for improving metal tool life is the application of coatings. This paper investigates the effect of CrAlSiN thin-film PVD-deposition on the tribological behaviour of tool steel K340. The sliding wear performance of the coated K340 steel is analysed in relation to both the uncoated K340 steel and a range of tool steels dedicated to hot- and cold-working, such as X155CrVMo12-1, X37CrMoV5-1, X40CrMoV5-1, 40CrMnMo7 and 90MnCrV8. The investigated tool steels were heat-treated, while K340 was subjected to thermochemical treatment and then coated with a CrAlSiN hard film (K340/CrAlSiN). The hardness, chemical composition, phase structure and microstructure of steels K340 and K340/CrAlSiN are examined. Tribological tests were conducted using the ball-on-disc tester in compliance with the ASTM G99 standard. The tests were performed under dry unidirectional sliding conditions, using an Al2O3 ball as a counterbody. The wear factor and coefficient of friction are estimated and analysed with respect to hardness and alloying composition of the materials under study. SEM observations are made to identify the sliding wear mechanisms of the analysed tool steels and PVD-coated K340 steel. In contrast to the harsh abrasive-adhesive wear mechanism observed for uncoated tool steels, the abrasive wear dominates in case of the AlCrSiN. The deposited thin film effectively prevents the K304 substrate from harsh wear severe degradation. Moreover, thanks to the deposited coating, the K304/CrAlSiN sample has a COF of 0.529 and a wear factor of K=5.68×10−7 m3 N−1 m−1, while the COF of the reference tool steels ranges from 0.702 to 0.885 and their wear factor ranges from 1.68×10−5 m3 N−1 m−1 to 3.67×10−5 m3 N−1 m−1. The CrAlSiN deposition reduces the wear of the K340 steel and improves its sliding properties, which makes it a promising method for prolonging the service life of metalwork tools.

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Changes in Residual Stress in Worked Surface Layer of Type 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel Due to Tensile Deformation

Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology ◽

10.1115/1.1339006 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 123 (1) ◽

pp. 130-134

Author(s):

Makoto Hayashi ◽

Kunio Enomoto

Keyword(s):

Solid Solution ◽

Residual Stress ◽

Stainless Steel ◽

Surface Layer ◽

Residual Stresses ◽

Tensile Deformation ◽

End Mill ◽

Heat Treated ◽

304 Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽

Type 304

Changes in the residual stress in a worked surface layer of type 304 austenitic stainless steel due to tensile deformation were measured by the X-ray diffraction residual stress measuring method. The compressive residual stresses introduced by end-mill, end-mill side cutter, and grinder were easily changed into tensile stresses when the plate specimens were subjected to tensile stress greater than the yield stress of the solid solution heat-treated material. The residual stresses after the tensile deformation depend on the initial residual stresses and the degree of preliminary working. The behavior of the residual stress changes can be interpreted if the surface-worked material is regarded as a composite made of solid solution heat-treated material and work-hardened material.

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