1746-P: Obese Youth with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) Have Worse Hepatic Insulin Resistance (IR) Than Youth with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D)

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1746-P
Author(s):  
PATTARA WIROMRAT ◽  
MELANIE CREE-GREEN ◽  
BRYAN C. BERGMAN ◽  
KALIE L. TOMMERDAHL ◽  
AMY BAUMGARTNER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Hepatic Insulin Resistance ◽  
Obese Youth

Nonobese, insulin-deficient Ins2Akita mice develop type 2 diabetes phenotypes including insulin resistance and cardiac remodeling

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (6) ◽  
pp. E1687-E1696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun-Gyoung Hong ◽  
Dae Young Jung ◽  
Hwi Jin Ko ◽  
Zhiyou Zhang ◽  
Zhexi Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiac Remodeling ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Hepatic Insulin Resistance ◽  
Develop Type

Although insulin resistance has been traditionally associated with type 2 diabetes, recent evidence in humans and animal models indicates that insulin resistance may also develop in type 1 diabetes. A point mutation of insulin 2 gene in Ins2Akita mice leads to pancreatic β-cell apoptosis and hyperglycemia, and these mice are commonly used to investigate type 1 diabetes and complications. Since insulin resistance plays an important role in diabetic complications, we performed hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps in awake Ins2Akita and wild-type mice to measure insulin action and glucose metabolism in vivo. Nonobese Ins2Akita mice developed insulin resistance, as indicated by an ∼80% reduction in glucose infusion rate during clamps. Insulin resistance was due to ∼50% decreases in glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue as well as hepatic insulin action. Skeletal muscle insulin resistance was associated with a 40% reduction in total GLUT4 and a threefold increase in PKCε levels in Ins2Akita mice. Chronic phloridzin treatment lowered systemic glucose levels and normalized muscle insulin action, GLUT4 and PKCε levels in Ins2Akita mice, indicating that hyperglycemia plays a role in insulin resistance. Echocardiography showed significant cardiac remodeling with ventricular hypertrophy that was ameliorated following chronic phloridzin treatment in Ins2Akita mice. Overall, we report for the first time that nonobese, insulin-deficient Ins2Akita mice develop type 2 diabetes phenotypes including peripheral and hepatic insulin resistance and cardiac remodeling. Our findings provide important insights into the pathogenesis of metabolic abnormalities and complications affecting type 1 diabetes and lean type 2 diabetes subjects.

Effects of Pterostilbene on Diabetes, Liver Steatosis and Serum Lipids

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saioa Gómez-Zorita ◽  
Iñaki Milton-Laskíbar ◽  
Leixuri Aguirre ◽  
Alfredo Fernández-Quintela ◽  
Jianbo Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Phenolic Compound ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Positive Effects

: Pterostilbene, a phenolic compound derived from resveratrol, possesses greater bioavailability than its parent compound due to the presence of two methoxyl groups. In this review, the beneficial effects of pterostilbene on diabetes, liver steatosis and dyslipidemia are summarized. Pterostilbene is a useful bioactive compound in preventing type 1 diabetes, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in animal models. Concerning type 1 diabetes, the main mechanisms described to justify the positive effects of this phenolic compound are increased liver glycogen content and hepatic glucokinase and phosphofructokinase activities, the recovery of pancreatic islet architecture, cytoprotection and a decrease in serum and pancreatic pro-inflammatory cytokines. As for type 2 diabetes, increased liver glucokinase and glucose-6-phosphatase and decreased fructose-1,6-biphosphatase activities are reported. When insulin resistance is induced by diets, a greater activation of insulin signaling cascade has been reported, increased cardiotrophin-1 levels and liver glucokinase and glucose- 6-phosphatase activities, and a decreased fructose-1,6-biphosphatase activity. Data concerning pterostilbene and liver steatosis are scarce so far, but the reduction in oxidative stress induced by pterostilbene may be involved since oxidative stress is related to the progression of steatosis to steatohepatitis. Finally, pterostilbene effectively reduces total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels, while increases HDL-cholesterol in animal models of dyslipidemia.

scholarly journals Low Testosterone Levels Are Common and Associated with Insulin Resistance in Men with Diabetes

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 1834-1840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathis Grossmann ◽  
Merlin C. Thomas ◽  
Sianna Panagiotopoulos ◽  
Ken Sharpe ◽  
Richard J. MacIsaac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Testosterone Deficiency ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Low Testosterone

Abstract Context: Low testosterone levels are common in men with type 2 diabetes and may be associated with insulin resistance. Objective: We investigated prevalence of testosterone deficiency and the relationship between testosterone and insulin resistance in a large cohort of men with type 2 and type 1 diabetes. Design: The study was a cross-sectional survey of 580 men with type 2 diabetes and 69 men with type 1 diabetes. A subgroup of 262 men with type 2 diabetes was then reassessed after a median of 6 months. Results: Forty-three percent of men with type 2 diabetes had a reduced total testosterone, and 57% had a reduced calculated free testosterone. Only 7% of men with type 1 diabetes had low total testosterone. By contrast, 20.3% of men with type 1 diabetes had low calculated free testosterone, similar to that observed in type 2 diabetes (age-body mass index adjusted odds ratio = 1.4; 95% confidence interval = 0.7–2.9). Low testosterone levels were independently associated with insulin resistance in men with type 1 diabetes as well as type 2 diabetes. Serial measurements also revealed an inverse relationship between changes in testosterone levels and insulin resistance. Conclusions: Testosterone deficiency is common in men with diabetes, regardless of the type. Testosterone levels are partly influenced by insulin resistance, which may represent an important avenue for intervention, whereas the utility of testosterone replacement remains to be established in prospective trials.

scholarly journals TYK2 Promoter Variant Is Associated with Impaired Insulin Secretion and Lower Insulin Resistance in Japanese Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 400
Author(s):  
Hitoe Mori ◽  
Hirokazu Takahashi ◽  
Keiichiro Mine ◽  
Ken Higashimoto ◽  
Kanako Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Impaired Insulin ◽  
Diabetes Patients

Accumulating evidence has suggested that viral infection causes type 1 diabetes due to direct β-cell damage and the triggering of autoimmune reactivity to β cells. Here, we elucidated that the tyrosine kinase 2 (Tyk2) gene, encoding an interferon receptor signaling molecule, is responsible for virus-induced diabetes in mice, and its promoter variant confers a risk of type 1 diabetes in humans. This study investigated the relationship between a TYK2 promoter variant (TYK2PV) and insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes patients. TYK2PV status was determined using direct DNA sequencing and its associations with fasting insulin, C-peptide, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were evaluated in type 2 diabetes patients without sulfonylurea or insulin medication. Of the 172 patients assessed, 18 (10.5%) showed TYK2PV-positivity. Their body mass index (BMI) was significantly lower than in those without the variant (23.4 vs. 25.4 kg/m2, p = 0.025). Fasting insulin (3.9 vs. 6.2 μIU/mL, p = 0.007), C-peptide (1.37 vs. 1.76 ng/mL, p = 0.008), and HOMA-IR (1.39 vs. 2.05, p = 0.006) were lower in those with than in those without the variant. Multivariable analysis identified that TYK2PV was associated with fasting insulin ≤ 5 μIU/mL (odds ratio (OR) 3.63, p = 0.025) and C-peptide ≤ 1.0 ng/mL (OR 3.61, p = 0.028), and also lower insulin resistance (HOMA-IR ≤ 2.5; OR 8.60, p = 0.042). TYK2PV is associated with impaired insulin secretion and low insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes patients with TYK2PV should be carefully followed in order to receive the appropriate treatment including insulin injections.

scholarly journals Decreased Spexin Levels in Patients with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 549-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anara Karaca ◽  
Filiz Bakar-Ates ◽  
Nese Ersoz-Gulcelik
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 1 Diabetic Patients

Background/Aims: Spexin is a novel peptide which has a potential role as a biomarker of insulin resistance, diabetes, and obesity. Our aim was to measure spexin levels in lean type 1 diabetic patients and its relevance to glycemic parameters without the presence of obesity or insulin resistance. Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 29 type 1 and 30 type 2 diabetic patients and a control group of 23 healthy subjects with adjusted age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Height and weight were measured using standard techniques. Glucose levels, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, serum cortisol levels, and spexin levels were measured in each patient. Results: The median fasting serum spexin levels were significantly lower in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes than in control subjects (p = 0.008 and p = 0.041, respectively). Spexin levels were not correlated with glycemic parameters, lipids, BMI, cortisol levels, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (p > 0.05). Only age turned out to be correlated with spexin levels in patients with type 1 diabetes when we analyzed the groups separately. Regression models, including age and diabetes duration, revealed no association between age and spexin levels. Regression models, including cortisol, BMI, and HbA1c, revealed no association with spexin levels within each group. Conclusion: The presence of type 1 diabetes is associated with lower spexin levels, independent of glucose, lipid parameters, and BMI. The expression of spexin in the pancreas apart from the current glycemic control of the patients may be the main determinant of spexin levels in type 1 diabetic patients.

Causes of diabetic ketoacidosis: type 1 diabetes versus type 2 diabetes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa Omri ◽  
Rayene Ben Mohamed ◽  
Imen Rezgani ◽  
Sana Mhidhi ◽  
Aroua Temessek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Ketoacidosis

1264-P: Distinguishing between Obese Patients with Type 1 Diabetes (T1DMob) and Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescence (T2DMad) at Presentation

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1264-P
Author(s):  
FABRIZIO BARBETTI ◽  
RICCARDO BONFANTI ◽  
MAURIZIO DELVECCHIO ◽  
DARIO IAFUSCO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Obese Patients

110-OR: Type 2 Diabetes (T2D)–Associated TCF7L2 Genetic Variants and Indices of Insulin Secretion and Sensitivity in Individuals at Risk for Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 110-OR
Author(s):  
MARIA J. REDONDO ◽  
MEGAN V. WARNOCK ◽  
LAURA E. BOCCHINO ◽  
SUSAN GEYER ◽  
ALBERTO PUGLIESE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Genetic Variants

Model estimates of the results of diabetes patients using modern glucometers with tri-color technology for displaying test results

2019 ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
Larisa Dmitrievna Popovich ◽  
Svetlana Valentinovna Svetlichnaya ◽  
Aleksandr Alekseevich Moiseev
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
The Impact

Diabetes – a disease in which the effect of the treatment substantially depends on the patient. Known a study showed that the use of glucometers with the technology of three-color display of test results facilitates self-monitoring of blood sugar and leads to a decrease in glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc). Purpose of the study: to modeling the impact of using of a glucometer with a color-coded display on the clinical outcomes of diabetes mellitus and calculating, the potential economic benefits of reducing the hospitalization rate of patients with diabetes. Material and methods. Based on data from two studies (O. Schnell et al. and M. Baxter et al.) simulation of the reduction in the number of complications with the use of a glucometer with a color indication. In a study by O. Schnell et al. a decrease of HbA1c by 0.69 percent is shown when using the considered type of glucometers, which was the basis of the model. Results. In the model, the use of a glucometer with a color-coded display for type 1 diabetes led to a decrease in the total number of complications by 9.2 thousand over 5 years per a cohort of 40 thousand patients with different initial levels of HbA1c. In a cohort of 40 thousand patients with type 2 diabetes, the simulated number of prevented complications was 1.7 thousand over 5 years. When extrapolating these data to all patients with diabetes included in the federal register of diabetes mellitus (FRD), the number of prevented complications was 55.4 thousand cases for type 1 diabetes and 67.1 thousand cases for type 2 diabetes. The possible economic effect from the use of the device by all patients with a diagnosis of diabetes, which are included in the FRD, estimated at 1.5 billion rubles for a cohort of patients with type 1 diabetes and 5.3 billion rubles for patients with type 2 diabetes. Conclusion. Improving the effectiveness of self-monitoring, which is the result of the use of glucometers with color indicators, can potentially significantly reduce the incidence of complications in diabetes and thereby provide significant economic benefits to society.

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