Vegetarian Dietary Patterns Are Associated With a Lower Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: The Adventist Health Study 2

Abstract Objectives Metabolically obese normal weight (MONW) individuals are subjects who have a normal body mass index (BMI), but manifest obesity-related metabolic syndrome (MetS). Nevertheless, the prevalence and correlation between MONW and dietary patterns have not been fully explored in Thais. This study aimed to investigate the national prevalence of MONW, determine which dietary patterns are consumed in Thai normal-weight adults and to identify whether those patterns were associated with the risk of MetS and its features. Methods Total 6899 Thais ≥18 years with normal BMI (18.5–22.9 kg/m2) were obtained from the Thai National Health Examination Survey IV. Sociodemographic, eating-habits, anthropometric, blood pressure and biochemical parameters were measured. MONW was diagnosed by the National Cholesterol Education Program/Adult Treatment Panel III within normal BMI. Dietary patterns were determined by means of factor analysis, and were evaluated by multiple logistic regressions for its association with MONW. Results Overall, the weighted prevalence of MONW was 9.9% (95% CI: 9.1–10.6%), particularly, the MONW prevalence was 7.2% (95% CI: 6.5–8.0%) and 13.1% (95% CI: 11.6–14.7%) in male and female respectively. Three major dietary patterns were distinguished: “westernized”, “healthy” and “carbohydrate” patterns. After controlling for potential confounders, compared with the lowest quartile, individuals in the highest quartile of the westernized and carbohydrate pattern were connected with the greater risk of MONW (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.25–2.17, P < 0.001) and (OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.19–2.08, P < 0.05) respectively, whereas subjects in the fourth quartile of healthy pattern reduce the risk of MONW and its components, except for elevated blood pressure and hyperglycemia (OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.50–0.92 for MONW, P < 0.05; OR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.28–0.68 for abdominal obesity, P < 0.001; OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.49–0.81 for hypertriglyceridemia, P < 0.001; OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.54–0.82 for low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], P < 0.01). Conclusions In Thai normal-weight adults, high consumption of whole grains, fruits, beans, juices, and dairy products is connected with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome and its features, i.e., lower risk of abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL-C. Funding Sources This research received no funding.

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The relation between dietary phytochemical index and metabolic syndrome and its components in a large sample of Iranian adults: A population-based study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-37118/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Aazam ahmadi Vasmehjani ◽

Zahra Darabi ◽

azadeh Nadjarzadeh ◽

masoud Mirzaei ◽

Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Population Based ◽

Protective Role ◽

Food Sources ◽

Health Study ◽

Plant Foods ◽

Logistic Regression Models

Abstract Background: Phytochemicals are natural non-nutritive bioactive compounds in plant foods. There is growing agreement that plant foods-based phytochemicals have a protective role against chronic diseases. The purpose of current study was to appraise Dietary Phytochemical Index (DPI) with the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components.Methods: This study was conducted on 2326 participants (1097 men and 1220 women), aged 20-70 years of the recruitment phase of Yazd Health Study (YaHS), a population-based cohort study on Iranian adults. Dietary intake was prepared using a validated and reliable food frequency questionnaire. DPI is calculated based on dietary energy derived from phytochemical-rich food sources (kcal)/ total daily energy intake (kcal). The odds ratio of MetS and its components were assessed across DPI quartiles by binary logistic regression models.Results: After adjustment for all potential confounders, the risk of MetS (OR=0.63, 95% CI=0.41-0.96, P=0.03) and elevated blood pressure (OR=0.62, 95% CI=0.40-0.96, P=0.03) in second category of DPI compared to the first significantly decreased. After full adjustment for confounders, women in the highest quartile of DPI compared with the lowest, had 59% lower risk of MetS (OR=0.41, 95% CI=0.22-0.76, P=0.005). In second quartiles of DPI, the risk of MetS decreased by 62% (OR=0.38, 95% CI=0.16-0.90, P=0.02) in participants with normal BMI and 29% in subjects with high BMI (OR=0.71, 95% CI=0.52-0.99, P=0.04), and also 57% in men (OR=0.43, 95%CI=0.23-0.83, P=0.01). Independent of variables including age, sex and total energy intake, subjects in second and fourth quartiles of DPI had 30% and 25% lower risk of abdominal obesity, respectively.Conclusions: Greater adherence to phytochemical-rich diet could reduce odds of MetS and some components especially in women. Further studies with intervention approaches are required to discover causal relations and relevant underlying mechanisms.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Vegetarian dietary patterns and mortality in Adventist Health Study 2.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.718113551.793483965 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

J David Spence

Keyword(s):

Dietary Patterns ◽

Health Study ◽

Adventist Health Study

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Abstract P077: Differences and Similarities in Dietary Pattern and Nutrient Profiles between the Sexes and Blacks and Whites. The Adventist Health Study 2

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.125.suppl_10.ap077 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽

Author(s):

Nico S Rizzo ◽

Karen Jaceldo-Siegl ◽

Gary Fraser

Keyword(s):

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Health Study ◽

Nutrient Intakes ◽

Higher Plant ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Blacks And Whites ◽

Adventist Health Study

Objective: To describe the associations between dietary patterns with nutrient intakes differentiated by sex and race. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 71751 subjects (mean age 59 years, 65% female, 76% white) from the Adventist Health Study 2. Participants completed a 204-item validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Five dietary patterns were established: non vegetarian, semi vegetarians, pesco vegetarians, lacto ovo vegetarians and strict vegetarians. ANCOVA and linear regression analysis were used to determine differences of nutrient intakes by dietary patterns. Non-dietary variables, such as age, smoking and physical activity were taken into account and associations between dietary pattern and BMI were compared. Analysis was repeated by stratifying for sex and race. Results: Strict vegetarians had the lowest BMI, with graded higher BMI levels for dietary patterns with greater fractions of animal plant protein, total fat and saturated fatty acids but similar total caloric intakes. Mean nutrient intake was more dissimilar across dietary pattern than between the sexes or blacks and whites. In general nutrient intakes were more similar between males and females than between blacks and whites with blacks revealing a strikingly higher percentage of non vegetarians than whites. Supplement intakes were often markedly higher in females than in males and higher in whites than in blacks with mean micronutrient intakes for all dietary patterns being well above the estimated average requirements for American adults in both sexes and blacks and whites. Conclusions: All groups met current American nutrient requirements. Nutrient intakes varied more markedly between dietary pattern than between sex or race. Lower BMI levels were associated with dietary patterns characterized by higher plant food intake despite generally similar caloric intake across dietary patterns warranting further investigation.

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Correction: Health and sustainability outcomes of vegetarian dietary patterns: a revisit of the EPIC-Oxford and the Adventist Health Study-2 cohorts

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1038/s41430-019-0427-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 73 (6) ◽

pp. 968-968 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gina Segovia-Siapco ◽

Joan Sabaté

Keyword(s):

Dietary Patterns ◽

Health Study ◽

Adventist Health Study

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Tree Nuts Are Inversely Associated with Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: The Adventist Health Study-2

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0085133 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. e85133 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Karen Jaceldo-Siegl ◽

Ella Haddad ◽

Keiji Oda ◽

Gary E. Fraser ◽

Joan Sabaté

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Health Study ◽

Tree Nuts ◽

Adventist Health Study

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Comparison of polyphenol intakes according to distinct dietary patterns and food sources in the Adventist Health Study-2 cohort

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114516001331 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 115 (12) ◽

pp. 2162-2169 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Nasira Burkholder-Cooley ◽

Sujatha Rajaram ◽

Ella Haddad ◽

Gary E. Fraser ◽

Karen Jaceldo-Siegl

Keyword(s):

Dietary Patterns ◽

Relevant Literature ◽

Food Sources ◽

Health Study ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Dietary Practices ◽

Total Polyphenol ◽

Dietary Polyphenols ◽

Polyphenol Intake ◽

Adventist Health Study

AbstractEvidence suggests a relationship between polyphenol intake and health benefits. Polyphenol intake among a large US cohort with diverse dietary practices ranging from meatless to omnivorous diets has not been previously evaluated. The primary aim of this study was to compare polyphenol intakes of several vegetarian and non-vegetarian dietary patterns and to assess phenolic intake by food source. To characterise dietary intake, a FFQ was administered to 77 441 participants of the Adventist Health Study-2. Dietary patterns were defined based on the absence of animal food consumption as vegan, lacto-ovo-vegetarian, pesco-vegetarian, semi-vegetarian and non-vegetarian. Polyphenol intakes were calculated based on chromatography-derived polyphenol content data of foods from Phenol-Explorer, US Department of Agriculture databases and relevant literature. Results revealed a mean unadjusted total polyphenol intake of 801 (sd 356) mg/d, and the main foods contributing to polyphenol intakes were coffee, fruits and fruit juices. Total polyphenol intake differed significantly between dietary patterns, with phenolic acids from coffee contributing the greatest variation. The dominant classes and sources of dietary polyphenols differed between vegetarian and non-vegetarian diets. Flavonoid intake was the highest among pesco-vegetarians, and phenolic acid intake was the highest among non-vegetarians. In addition, coffee consumers appeared to have a different dietary profile than non-coffee consumers, including greatly reduced contribution of fruits, vegetables and legumes to total phenolic intake. Coffee drinkers were more likely to be non-vegetarians, which explained several of these observations. Further evaluating these differences may be important in identifying relationships between plant-based diets and health outcomes.

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Mediterranean, DASH, and Alternate Healthy Eating Index Dietary Patterns and Risk of Death in the Physicians’ Health Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13061893 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1893

Author(s):

Yash R. Patel ◽

Jeremy M. Robbins ◽

J. Michael Gaziano ◽

Luc Djoussé

Keyword(s):

Healthy Eating ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Total Mortality ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Health Study ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

All Cause Mortality

Objective: Our primary objective was to examine the associations of the Mediterranean (MED), the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and the Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) diet with total mortality. Our secondary objective was to examine the association of these three dietary patterns with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer mortality. Research: Design and Methods: We prospectively studied 15,768 men from the Physicians’ Health Study who completed a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Scores from each dietary pattern were divided into quintiles. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratio’s (95% confidence intervals) of mortality. Results: At baseline, average age was 65.9 ± 8.9 years. There were 1763 deaths, including 488 CVD deaths and 589 cancer deaths. All diet scores were inversely associated with risk for all-cause mortality: Hazard ratios (95% CI) of all-cause mortality from lowest to highest quintile for MED diet were 1.0 (reference), 0.85 (0.73–0.98), 0.80 (0.69–0.93), 0.77 (0.66–0.90), and 0.68 (0.58–0.79); corresponding values were 1.0 (reference), 0.96 (0.82–1.12), 0.95 (0.82–1.11), 0.88 (0.75–1.04), and 0.83 (0.71–0.99) for DASH diet and 1.0 (reference), 0.88 (0.77–1.02), 0.82 (0.71–0.95), 0.69 (0.59, 0.81), and 0.56 (0.47–0.67) for AHEI diet, after adjusting for age, energy, smoking, exercise, BMI, hypertension, coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, diabetes, and atrial fibrillation. For cause-specific mortality, MED and AHEI scores were inversely associated with lower risk for CVD mortality, whereas AHEI and MED scores were inversely associated with lower risk for cancer mortality. Conclusion: Within this cohort of male physicians, AHEI, MED, and DASH scores were each inversely associated with mortality from all causes.

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