Modest Levels of Physical Activity Are Associated With a Lower Incidence of Diabetes in a Population With a High Rate of Obesity: The Strong Heart Family Study

Background: Several studies have evaluated associations among various dietary nutrients (eg n-3 fatty acids, caffeine, magnesium) and depression in different populations. Such analyses, however, may not adequately address possible interactions among nutrients and may overlook unmeasured micronutrients. We examined the relationships among four diet patterns and depression in American Indians (AI) from the Strong Heart Family Study. Methods: Four diet patterns were extracted using factor analysis with principal component factoring method based on a sample of 3245 AI aged 14 years or older (excluding extreme calorie intakes, n=203; total var=38%). Linear Regressionmodels of the depression scale by the Center for Epidemiological Studies of Depression (CES-D) were constructed to examine the association between diet patterns and continuous CES-D measures adjusting for age, gender, BMI, waist circumference, Diabetes, education level, physical activity and Locus of Control (LOC) assessed by Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Form-B. Logistic regression models of symptoms of depression vs no depression were also run to estimate the associations of diet patterns to depression. Results: Factor 1 (in quintiles), the “less healthy” pattern, includes more fast food, snack chips, fried potatoes, prepared main dishes, sweet beverages, and animal fats. Participants who scored high on this pattern had an increase risk of depression (OR=1.09, 95%CI=1.02-1.18, p=.02). Factor 2, the “traditional AI/Southwestern” pattern consists of traditional American Indian foods common in the Southwest, as well as of meat, stew and dry beans. It is positively related to depression (OR=1.11, 95%CI=1.04-1.20, p=.002). Factor 3 resembles a healthy diet associated with fish, fruits, dark whole bread and low-fat healthier meat and dairy products. Participants who scored high on this pattern were less likely to have depression (OR=.93, 95%CI=.87-.99, p=.03). Factor 4, the “junk-food” pattern includes high amounts of coffee, tea, candy bars, sugar, syrup, animal fats, sweetened grains, doughnuts, cookies, pies, cakes, ice cream, and non-dairy creamer. Participants who scored high on this pattern were more likely to have depression (OR=1.12, 95%CI=1.05-1.20, p=.001). Depression was higher in women (OR =1.99, 95%CI=1.6-2.5, p<.001) and those with abdominal obesity (in cm; OR=1.02, p=.02) and lower in those with greater physical activity (OR=.88, p=.001), increasing age (OR=.99, p=.01), and more education (OR=.89, p<.001). Conclusion: A healthy eating pattern as well as greater physical activity and higher education were independently associated with lower depression, while depression was higher in those with central obesity. The results suggest that interventions aimed toward weight loss may also improve rates of depression in some populations.

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An atlas of metallome and metabolome interactions and associations with incident diabetes in the Strong Heart Family Study

Environment International ◽

10.1016/j.envint.2021.106810 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 157 ◽

pp. 106810

Author(s):

Tiffany R. Sanchez ◽

Xin Hu ◽

Jinying Zhao ◽

ViLinh Tran ◽

Nancy Loiacono ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Family Study ◽

Incident Diabetes ◽

Strong Heart Family Study

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Linkage Analysis of Urine Arsenic Species Patterns in the Strong Heart Family Study

Toxicological Sciences ◽

10.1093/toxsci/kfv164 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 148 (1) ◽

pp. 89-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Matthew O. Gribble ◽

Venkata Saroja Voruganti ◽

Shelley A. Cole ◽

Karin Haack ◽

Poojitha Balakrishnan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Linkage Analysis ◽

Family Study ◽

Arsenic Species ◽

Analysis Of Urine ◽

Strong Heart Family Study

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Association of fatigue, inflammation, and physical activity on gait speed: the Long Life Family Study

Aging Clinical and Experimental Research ◽

10.1007/s40520-021-01923-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sharon W. Renner ◽

Yujia Qiao ◽

Theresa Gmelin ◽

Adam J. Santanasto ◽

Robert M. Boudreau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Gait Speed ◽

Family Study ◽

Long Life

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Arsenic, one carbon metabolism and diabetes-related outcomes in the Strong Heart Family Study

Environment International ◽

10.1016/j.envint.2018.09.048 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 121 ◽

pp. 728-740 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Miranda J. Spratlen ◽

Maria Grau-Perez ◽

Jason G. Umans ◽

Joseph Yracheta ◽

Lyle G. Best ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Metabolism ◽

Family Study ◽

One Carbon Metabolism ◽

Strong Heart Family Study

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Urinary metals and leukocyte telomere length in American Indian communities: The Strong Heart and the Strong Heart Family Study

Environmental Pollution ◽

10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.010 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 246 ◽

pp. 311-318 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Maria Grau-Perez ◽

Jinying Zhao ◽

Brandon Pierce ◽

Kevin A. Francesconi ◽

Walter Goessler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

American Indian ◽

Telomere Length ◽

Family Study ◽

Leukocyte Telomere Length ◽

Strong Heart Family Study

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Young people's lifestyle and frequency of physical activity – an original study

Pomeranian Journal of Life Sciences ◽

10.21164/pomjlifesci.681 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 66 (4) ◽

pp. 54-60

Author(s):

Barbara Janota ◽

Elżbieta Szczepańska ◽

Karolina Janion

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Positive Impact ◽

High Rate ◽

P Value ◽

Daily Consumption ◽

Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽

School Students ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Abstract Introduction A healthy lifestyle, including healthy eating, frequent physical activity, abstention from recreational substances, appropriate amounts of sleep and restricted amounts of television and computer time have a positive impact on the development and health of adolescents. The aim of the study was to assess selected aspects of adolescent lifestyle with a focus on rates of physical activity. Materials and methods The study material included a questionnaire completed by 304 secondary school students. The answers were analysed with respect to the physical activity of the respondents and then grouped accordingly: group 1 consisted of respondents with a low rate of physical activity, group 2 with a moderate rate of physical activity and group 3 with a high rate of physical activity. Differences in the the percentages of healthy behaviour the groups engaged in was assessed using the Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA on ranks test. Post hoc, a 2-way test with Bonferroni correction was performed. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant for all analyses. Results The recommended number of 4–5 meals a day is consumed mostly by individuals from group 2 (52.94%) and to the least extent by those in group 1 (47.17%). The recommended daily consumption of fruit is mostly reported by respondents from group 3 (39.34%) and the least, by those from group 1 (26.42%). Subjects from group 2 are least likely to drink alcohol, which is harmful for one's health (26.47%); this group also includes the largest number of individuals who do not smoke cigarettes (69.12%). The most favorable behaviour with regards to sleep is displayed by subjects from group 3, in which 10.38% of participants slept for the recommended 8–10 h a day. Conclusions The majority of adolescents, regardless of the frequency of physical activity they undertook, had an unhealthy lifestyle. The most favourable lifestyle was led by subjects who performed physical activity between once a week and a few times a month.

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Abstract MP50: Metabolic Predictors of Type 2 Diabetes in American Indians: The Strong Heart Family Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.129.suppl_1.mp50 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Yun Zhu ◽

Jiang He ◽

Lyle G Best ◽

Elisa T Lee ◽

Barbara V Howard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Amino Acids ◽

American Indians ◽

Family Study ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Plasma Metabolites ◽

Metabolic Alterations ◽

Incident Cases ◽

Strong Heart Family Study

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by profound metabolic abnormalities. Current glycemic indicators have limitations in identifying early metabolic alterations. Objective: To identify novel metabolic predictors of T2D in American Indians participating in the Strong Heart Family Study. Methods: Among 2,129 participants who had normal fasting glucose (NFG) at baseline (2001-2003) and also attended clinical examination after 5-year follow-up (2006-2009), 142 developed incident T2D, 514 developed incident impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and 1,473 remained to be NFG. The current analysis included all incident cases of T2D (n=142), 146 incident IFG (randomly selected from 514 participants with incident IFG) and 144 NFG (randomly selected from 1,473 participants with NFG at both visits). Baseline plasma metabolites were detected by high-resolution LC/MS. The prospective association of each metabolite with risk for T2D or IFG was investigated using weighted Cox’s hazard regression with frailty model, adjusting for sex, study center, age, BMI, renal function, fasting glucose and fasting insulin at baseline. Multiple testing was corrected by Bonferroni correction (significance level 2.8х10-6). Results: Thirty-nine metabolites from several major fuel sources, including sugar amino acids, amino acids, lipids, alkaloids, alkylamines, carboxylic acids, steroids, and aromatic homomonocylic/heteropolycyclic compounds, significantly predicted future risk of T2D (10 metabolites), or IFG (27 metabolites), or both (2 metabolites). Of these, N1,N12-diacetylspermine and betanidin, respectively, were the strongest predictors for increased (HR=4.59, 95% CI, 2.55-8.24, P=3.49х10-7) and decreased risk of T2D (HR=0.38, 95% CI, 0.28-0.52, P=4.64х10-10). The corresponding strongest predictors for IFG were hexanoic acid (HR=2.34, 95% CI, 1.84-2.98, P=3.15х10-12) and l-palmitoylcarnitine (HR=0.26, 95% CI, 0.18-0.37, P=1.14х10-13), respectively. Two metabolites, betanidin and dopamine, significantly predicted future onset of both T2D (HR=0.38, 95% CI, 0.28,0.52, P=4.64х10-10 for betanidin; HR=2.48, 95% CI, 1.71-3.58, P=1.42х10-6 for dopamine) and IFG (HR=0.52, 95% CI, 0.43,0.62, P=1.35х10-12 for betanidin; HR=2.24, 95% CI, 1.73,2.89, P=5.79х10-10 for dopamine). Multiple unknown compounds were also independently associated with risk of T2D, IFG or both. Conclusions: This study identifies both novel and known metabolic alterations associated with risk of diabetes in American Indians, an ethnic group suffering from disproportionately high rates of T2D. The incomplete overlapping of metabolic profiles between T2D and IFG highlights differential metabolic states of diabetes development. Our results not only provide novel insights in disease pathogenesis but also valuable data on potential new targets for risk prediction and treatment.

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Abstract 16704: Leukocyte Telomere Length and Risk of Stroke: The Strong Heart Family Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.142.suppl_3.16704 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Caroline Goode ◽

Jinying Zhao ◽

Richard B Devereux ◽

Santosh Murthy ◽

Alexander E Merkler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Telomere Length ◽

Family Study ◽

Leukocyte Telomere Length ◽

Potential Biomarker ◽

Primary Model ◽

Strong Heart Family Study

Introduction: Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is a potential biomarker of aging and associated with several age-related diseases. Current research on an association between LTL and incident stroke has had inconclusive results. We hypothesized that LTL is associated with incident stroke among American Indians (AI) in the Strong Heart Family Study (SHFS). Methods: The SHFS is a population-based cohort study of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors. Participants (n=2,769) recruited from regions in Arizona, Oklahoma and the Dakotas were assessed for LTL and CVD risk factors during a clinic visit between 2001 and 2003. Incident stroke events were identified through the end of 2018 (mean follow-up: 16.4 years). We assessed the association between LTL and incident stroke using frailty models based on the proportional hazards, accounting for family relatedness and established stroke risk factors that include sex, geographical location, education, smoking, atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. Results: Among 2,769 participants, the mean age was 40.6±17.2 and 41.4% were male. During follow-up, there were 79 (2.9%) incident stroke cases. In the primary model, which adjusted for demographic variables (sex, location and education), the hazard ratios (HR) for stroke in participants in the first and second LTL quartiles were significantly higher than those in the highest (longest) LTL quartile, with HRs of 3.1 (95%CI: 1.4 - 6.6) and 3.5 (95%CI: 1.7 - 7.5), respectively. After adjusting for smoking, atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension, the association between LTL and stroke was attenuated, but remained significant when comparing the second shortest LTL quartile to the longest LTL quartile, HR: 2.3 (95% CI: 1.1 – 5.0). Conclusions: In summary, LTL was associated with incident stroke among SHFS participants. Those with shorter LTL have higher risk of stroke. Longer follow-up time may add more power to data analyses since the SHFS is relatively young, with an average baseline age of 40 years. If results are confirmed in other populations, LTL may serve as a biomarker identifying high risk individuals for the purpose of stroke prevention.

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Midlife physical activity is associated with lower incidence of vascular dementia but not Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer s Research & Therapy ◽

10.1186/s13195-019-0538-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Oskar Hansson ◽

Martina Svensson ◽

Anna-Märta Gustavsson ◽

Emelie Andersson ◽

Yiyi Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Vascular Dementia ◽

Lower Incidence ◽

Amyloid Β ◽

Synaptic Proteins ◽

Cancer Study ◽

Diet And Cancer

Abstract Background Physical activity might reduce the risk of developing dementia. However, it is still unclear whether the protective effect differs depending on the subtype of dementia. We aimed to investigate if midlife physical activity affects the development of vascular dementia (VaD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) differently in two large study populations with different designs. Methods Using a prospective observational design, we studied whether long-distance skiers of the Swedish Vasaloppet (n = 197,685) exhibited reduced incidence of VaD or AD compared to matched individuals from the general population (n = 197,684) during 21 years of follow-up (median 10, interquartile range (IQR) 5–15 years). Next, we studied the association between self-reported physical activity, stated twice 5 years apart, and incident VaD and AD in 20,639 participants in the Swedish population-based Malmo Diet and Cancer Study during 18 years of follow-up (median 15, IQR 14–17 years). Finally, we used a mouse model of AD and studied brain levels of amyloid-β, synaptic proteins, and cognitive function following 6 months of voluntary wheel running. Results Vasaloppet skiers (median age 36.0 years [IQR 29.0–46.0], 38% women) had lower incidence of all-cause dementia (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.63, 95% CI 0.52–0.75) and VaD (adjusted HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.33–0.73), but not AD, compared to non-skiers. Further, faster skiers exhibited a reduced incidence of VaD (adjusted HR 0.38, 95% CI 0.16–0.95), but not AD or all-cause dementia compared to slower skiers. In the Malmo Diet and Cancer Study (median age 57.5 years [IQR 51.0–63.8], 60% women), higher physical activity was associated with reduced incidence of VaD (adjusted HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.49-0.87), but not AD nor all-cause dementia. These findings were also independent of APOE-ε4 genotype. In AD mice, voluntary running did not improve memory, amyloid-β, or synaptic proteins. Conclusions Our results indicate that physical activity in midlife is associated with lower incidence of VaD. Using three different study designs, we found no significant association between physical activity and subsequent development of AD.

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