Efficacy of and Effect on Tooth Sensitivity of In-office Bleaching Gel Concentrations: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 386-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Reis ◽  
S Kossatz ◽  
GC Martins ◽  
AD Loguercio
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Tooth Sensitivity ◽  
Bleaching Gels ◽  
Shade Guide

SUMMARY With the aim of reducing the side effects of in-office bleaching agents, less-concentrated hydrogen peroxide (HP) gels have been released by manufacturers. We evaluated the tooth sensitivity (TS) and bleaching efficacy (BE) of two HP concentrations in this study. Gels containing 35% and 20% HP (HP35 and HP20, respectively) were applied on teeth of 60 caries-free patients. Color was recorded at baseline and one week after the first and second bleaching sessions using the Vita Classical shade guide. TS was recorded on a 0-4 scale. BE at each weekly recall was evaluated by Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (α=0.05). Absolute risk of TS and its intensity was evaluated by Fisher exact and Mann-Whitney tests, respectively (α=0.05). After two bleaching sessions, color change of approximately eight tabs was obtained with HP35; whereas, with HP20 it was six tabs (p<0.05). Only 26.7% (HP35) and 16.7% (HP20) of the participants reported TS, and no statistical differences were detected among them. Both in-office bleaching gels showed similar TS intensity, but the 35% HP agent produced faster bleaching.

Administration of Ascorbic Acid to Prevent Bleaching-induced Tooth Sensitivity: A Randomized Triple-blind Clinical Trial

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
EA de Paula ◽  
S Kossatz ◽  
D Fernandes ◽  
AD Loguercio ◽  
A Reis
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Tooth Sensitivity ◽  
Parallel Design ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Similar Risk

SUMMARY This study evaluated the effect of ascorbic acid, 500 mg every eight hours, on bleaching-induced tooth sensitivity. A triple-blind, parallel design, and placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial was conducted on 39 adults. The pills (placebo or ascorbic acid) were administered three times per day for 48 hours; the first dose was given one hour prior to each bleaching session. Two bleaching sessions with 35% hydrogen peroxide gel were performed with a one-week interval. Tooth sensitivity was recorded up to 48 hours after bleaching. The color evaluation was performed before and 30 days after bleaching. The absolute risk and intensity of tooth sensitivity were evaluated by Fisher exact and Mann-Whitney U-tests, respectively. Color changes were evaluated by unpaired t-test (α=0.05). There were no significant differences in the absolute risk and intensity of tooth sensitivity and color change between the groups. Both groups showed a similar risk of tooth sensitivity (p>0.05). The perioperative use of an antioxidant, such as ascorbic acid (500 mg, three times daily) perorally, was not able to prevent bleaching-induced tooth sensitivity or reduce its intensity.

Comparison of Effectiveness and Sensitivity Using Two In-Office Bleaching Protocols for a 6% Hydrogen Peroxide Gel in a Randomized Clinical Trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Vildósola ◽  
F Vera ◽  
J Ramírez ◽  
J Rencoret ◽  
H Pretel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
Tooth Sensitivity ◽  
Tooth Color ◽  
Protocol Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

SUMMARY Objective: The aim of this blinded and randomized clinical trial was to compare two application protocols (one 36-minute application vs three 12-minute applications). We then assessed the effectiveness of the bleaching and any increase in sensitivity that was induced by bleaching via a split-mouth design. Methods and Materials: Thirty patients were treated. One group had a half arch of teeth treated with a traditional application protocol (group A: 3 × 12 minutes for two sessions). The other received an abbreviated protocol (group B: 1 × 36 minutes over two sessions). Two sessions were appointed with a two-day interval between them. The tooth color was registered at each session, as well as one week and one month after completing the treatment via a spectrophotometer. This measured L*, a*, and b*. This was also evaluated subjectively using the VITA classical A1-D4 guide and VITA Bleachedguide 3D-MASTER. Tooth sensitivity was registered according to the visual analogue scale (VAS) scale. Tooth color variation and sensitivity were compared between groups. Results: Both treatments changed tooth color vs baseline. The ΔE* = 5.71 ± 2.62 in group A, and ΔE* = 4.93 ± 2.09 in group B one month after completing the bleaching (p=0.20). No statistical differences were seen via subjective evaluations. There were no differences in tooth sensitivity between the groups. The absolute risk of sensitivity reported for both groups was 6.25% (p=0.298). The intensity by VAS was mild (p=1.00). Conclusions: We used hydrogen peroxide (6%) that was light activated with a hybrid LED/laser and two different protocols (one 36-minute application vs three 12-minute applications each for two sessions). These approaches were equally effective. There were no differences in absolute risk of sensitivity; both groups reported mild sensitivity.

Preventive Use of a Resin-based Desensitizer Containing Glutaraldehyde on Tooth Sensitivity Caused by In-office Bleaching: A Randomized, Single-blind Clinical Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 472-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
ACS Diniz ◽  
SNL Lima ◽  
RRdJ Tavarez ◽  
AH Borges ◽  
SCS Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Tooth Whitening ◽  
Tooth Sensitivity ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Numerical Rating ◽  
Shade Guide ◽  
Single Blind

SUMMARY Objective: To evaluate the risk and intensity of bleaching-induced tooth sensitivity (TS) after in-office bleaching following topical application of a resin-based glutaraldehyde desensitizer. Methods: Thirty-three patients were randomly assigned to the experimental (Gluma Desensitizer Liquid, Heraeus Kulzer, Hanau, Germany) and placebo groups. The placebo or Gluma Desensitizer Liquid was applied for one minute prior to application of an in-office bleaching gel. Bleaching was performed with 35% hydrogen peroxide gel (three applications × 15 minutes each) over two sessions, one week apart. The color of the anterior teeth was evaluated before and 21 days after treatment using the VITA Classical shade guide, Bleachedguide 3D, and Easyshade spectrophotometer. TS during and after the bleaching was recorded according to the visual analog (VAS) and numerical rating (NRS) scales. All data were submitted to statistical analysis (α=0.05). Results: There was no significant difference in absolute risk or intensity of TS between the two groups (risk and VAS, p=0.93 and 0.31, respectively; NRS, p≥0.45). At the end of the bleaching protocol, tooth whitening was observed in both groups, as evident from color change in shade guide units (ΔSGU, 4.1-7.1; both guides) and overall color change (ΔE, 7.4-9.3 units); however, there were no significant differences in whitening between the two groups (p>0.11). Conclusion: Gluma Desensitizer Liquid was not able to reduce the risk or intensity of TS. Bleaching efficacy was not affected by application of the desensitizer.

Effect of Daily Usage Time of 4% Hydrogen Peroxide on the Efficacy and Bleaching-induced Tooth Sensitivity: A Single-blind Randomized Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
RMO Terra ◽  
KL da Silva ◽  
L Vochikovski ◽  
E Sutil ◽  
M Rezende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Color Change ◽  
T Test ◽  
Tooth Sensitivity ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Single Blind ◽  
At Home

Clinical Relevance Although color change was slightly lower in a 3-week 30-minutes/day protocol, than in the 120-minute protocol, this could be compensated by an extra week of bleaching. The advantage of the shorter protocol is the reduced daily application, making the procedure more comfortable for the patients. SUMMARY Objective: Compare the risk/intensity of tooth sensitivity (TS) and color change of a 30-minute vs. the recommended 120-minute application time of 4% hydrogen peroxide (HP) for at-home bleaching. Methods: A single-blind, parallel, randomized clinical trial was conducted with 92 adult patients with caries and restoration-free anterior teeth A2 or darker, randomly allocated to two groups. Bleaching trays containing 4% HP were used for three-weeks. A four-week regimen was also offered to the patients for the 30-min group after the end of the 3-week protocol. The color change was assessed with the Vita Classical (VITA Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany) and Vita Bleachedguide shade guides (VITA Zahnfabrik) and the Vita Easyshade spectrophotometer (VITA Zahnfabrik) at baseline, weekly, and 30 days after the bleaching. The absolute risk and the intensity of TS were assessed daily using the 0-10 visual analogue scale (VAS) and 5-point Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) scale, and patient satisfaction was recorded with a Likert 0-7 scale. Risk of TS (Fisher’s test), intensity of TS in NRS scale (Mann-Whitney test), VAS scale (t-test), and a color change (t-test) were compared. Results: The 30-minute group saw color change of around 1 SGU inferior to the 120-minute group in all-time assessments (p<0.05). After an extra week of bleaching, mean color change was similar (p>0.05). Patient satisfaction was high for both groups (p>0.05). Conclusions: A four-week protocol of at-home dental bleaching with 4% HP for 30 minutes/day whitened teeth similarly to the 120 minutes/day protocol, with low intensity of dental sensitivity and high patient satisfaction.

Effectiveness of and Dental Sensitivity to At-home Bleaching With 4% and 10% Hydrogen Peroxide: A Randomized, Triple-blind Clinical Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Chemin ◽  
M Rezende ◽  
AD Loguercio ◽  
A Reis ◽  
S Kossatz
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Tooth Sensitivity ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Mann Whitney Test ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Shade Guide ◽  
At Home

SUMMARY Objectives: To evaluate the risk for and intensity of tooth sensitivity and color change of at-home dental bleaching with 4% and 10% hydrogen peroxide (HP). Methods: For this study, 78 patients were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomized into two groups: HP 4 (White Class 4%, FGM) and HP 10 (White Class 10%, FGM). In both groups, the at-home bleaching was performed for a period of 30 minutes twice a day for two weeks. The color was assessed by Vita Classical, Vita Bleachedguide 3D-MASTER and spectrophotometer Vita Easyshade (Vita Zahnfabrik) at baseline, during bleaching (first and second weeks) and after bleaching (one month). Patients recorded their tooth sensitivity using a numeric rating scale (0-4) and visual analog scale (0-10). Data from color change (DeltaE data) was submitted to two-way analysis of variance. The color change data in Delta SGU from the two shade guide units were compared with the Mann Whitney test. The risk of tooth sensitivity was evaluated by χ2 test and the intensity of tooth sensitivity from both scales was evaluated by a Mann-Whitney test (α=0.05). Results: The absolute risk and intensity of tooth sensitivity was higher in the group that used HP 10 than the one that used HP 4. Data from change in the number of shade guide units and color variation after one month of bleaching for both groups showed significant whitening, with no difference between groups. Conclusions: At-home bleaching is effective with 4% and 10% HP concentrations, but 10% HP increased the absolute risk and intensity of tooth sensitivity during at-home bleaching.

Six-month Follow-up of the Effect of Nonvital Bleaching on IL-1β and RANK-L: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 581-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Bersezio ◽  
J Estay ◽  
M Sáez ◽  
F Sánchez ◽  
R Vernal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spearman Test

SUMMARY Objectives: It has been reported that bleaching generates an increase in the activity of osteoclasts in vitro. We quantified the RANK-L and IL-1β biomarkers in a double-blind, randomized clinical trial evaluating the in vivo effect of hydrogen peroxide (35%) and peroxide carbamide (37%) six months after whitening. Methods and Materials: Fifty volunteers participated, each with color change in a nonvital tooth. Fifty teeth were randomly divided into two groups (n=25), and the teeth were bleached using either 35% hydrogen peroxide (G1) or 37% carbamide peroxide (G2). Intracoronal bleaching was carried out by a technical “walking bleach” over four sessions. Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected and used to quantify the IL-1β and RANK-L secreted levels. Samples of six periodontal sites (three vestibular and three palatal) were collected for up to six months (at the beginning of the study [baseline] and at one week, one month, and six months posttreatment). The color change was visually monitored using the Vita Bleached Guide (ΔSGU). Results: Comparing each time to baseline assessment, a significant increase in the levels of IL-1β and RANK-L across time points was detected (p<0.05). The color change was 4 in G1 and G2, and a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was found at the month time point between the groups. Using the Spearman test, a strong correlation (>0.8) between the IL-1β and RANK-L levels in both groups at all time points was detected. Conclusions: Nonvital bleaching using a technical walking bleach induces an increase in the IL-1β and RANKL production in periodontal tissues, which persists for six months after treatment. Both biomarkers were highly correlated in both groups and at all time points.

scholarly journals In-Office Tooth Bleaching for Adolescents Using Hydrogen Peroxide-Based Gels: Clinical Trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 720-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Leticia Leal Gonçalves ◽  
Antonio Carlos da Silva Tavares ◽  
Ana Carolina Costa da Mota ◽  
Luiz Alberto Plácido Penna ◽  
Alessandro Melo Deana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Tooth Bleaching ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Tooth Sensitivity ◽  
Tooth Color ◽  
Bleaching Procedure ◽  
Shade Guide

Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate colorimetric changes and tooth sensitivity in adolescents and young patients submitted to tooth bleaching with 20% and 35% hydrogen peroxide. A randomized, controlled, clinical trial was conducted with 53 patients aged 11 to 24 years who were allocated to groups based on the use of the following commercial products: Whiteness HP - FGM® (35% hydrogen peroxide); Whiteness HP Blue Calcium - FGM® (35% hydrogen peroxide); and Whiteness HP Blue Calcium - FGM® (20% hydrogen peroxide). After the bleaching procedure, the visual analog scale was used to measure tooth sensitivity and the Vita Classical Shade guide was used to determine changes in tooth color. Statistical analysis involved the Friedman, Kruskal-Wallis and Student-Newman-Keuls tests, with p≤0.05 considered indicative of statistical significance. The addition of calcium contributed to a reduction in tooth sensitivity, especially when the lower concentration of hydrogen peroxide (20%) was used. Tooth sensitivity occurred in a transitory way and did not influence the tooth bleaching process. Significant differences in color were found after each of the two bleaching sessions. In-office tooth bleaching was considered an effective method for adolescents and young adults. Further studies in this population are necessary in order to fully evaluate the effects of bleaching in young teeth.

scholarly journals Coadministration of ibuprofen/caffeine on bleaching-induced tooth sensitivity: A randomized clinical trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-115
Author(s):  
Karine Letícia da Silva ◽  
Elisama Sutil ◽  
Diego Hortkoff ◽  
Renata Maria Oleniki Terra ◽  
Márcia Rezende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Tooth Sensitivity ◽  
Dental Bleaching ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Absolute

Abstract This clinical trial evaluated the effect of the coadministration of ibuprofen/caffeine on bleaching-induced tooth sensitivity (TS). A triple-blind, parallel-design, randomized clinical trial was conducted on 84 patients who received ibuprofen/caffeine or placebo capsules. The drugs were administered for 48 hours, starting 1 hour before the in-office bleaching. Two bleaching sessions were performed with 35% hydrogen peroxide gel with 1-week interval. TS was recorded up to 48 hours after dental bleaching with a 0-10 visual analogic scale (VAS) and a 5-point numeric rating scale (NRS). The color was evaluated with VITA Classical and VITA Bleachedguide scales (ΔSGU) and VITA Easyshade spectrophotometer (ΔE*ab and ΔE00). The absolute risk of TS in both groups was evaluated using Fischer's exact test. Comparisons of the TS intensity (NRS and VAS data) were performed by using the Mann-Whitney test and a two-way repeated measures ANOVA, respectively. The color alteration between the groups was compared with the Student's t test. The significance level was 5%. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups for the absolute risk of TS (p = 1.00) or for the intensity of TS (p > 0.05). A bleaching of approximately 7 shade guide units was observed on the Vita Classical and Vita Bleachedguide scales, with no statistical difference between the groups. It was concluded that coadministration of ibuprofen and caffeine did not reduce the absolute risk or intensity of TS and did not interfere with the efficacy of dental bleaching.

Evaluation of the color change and tooth sensitivity in treatments that associate violet LED with carbamide peroxide 10 %: A randomized clinical trial of a split-mouth design

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 101679
Author(s):  
Marjorie de Oliveira Gallinari ◽  
Luciano Tavares Angelo Cintra ◽  
Ana Carolina Souza Barboza ◽  
Lívia Maria Alves Valentim da Silva ◽  
Sibele de Alcantara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Tooth Sensitivity

Longevity, Esthetic Perception, and Psychosocial Impact of Teeth Bleaching by Low (6%) Hydrogen Peroxide Concentration for In-office Treatment: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Fernández ◽  
C Bersezio ◽  
J Bottner ◽  
F Avalos ◽  
I Godoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Psychosocial Impact ◽  
Bleaching Procedure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Shade Guide

SUMMARY Objective: The aim was to evaluate the color longevity after nine months of in-office bleaching with gel (6% hydrogen peroxide), to compare this to a control concentration of 35% in a split-mouth study model, and to assess the dental confidence and psychosocial impact on patients. Methods and Materials: Twenty-seven patients were assessed at the nine-month recall. The bleaching procedure with 6% or 35% hydrogen peroxide gel was performed randomly in the upper hemi-arch of each patient. The color was measured at baseline and at one week, one month, and nine months after the procedure, using the Vita Easyshade spectrophotometer, the Vita classical shade guide organized by value, and Vita Bleach Guide 3DMaster. Moreover, two surveys, OHIP-Esthetics and PIDAQ, were used to assess the esthetic self-perception and psychosocial impact of the bleaching procedure. During the nine-month recall, the color was assessed before and after dental prophylaxis. Results: Twenty-seven patients participated in the nine-month recall. There was a significant difference in ΔE between the two groups at all times assessed (p<0.011). The ΔL, Δa, and Δb showed a difference between the two groups at all times assessed (p<0.038), except for ΔL from the baseline vs nine-month after prophylaxis value (p>0.20). There was no significant difference in ΔSGU at all times (p>0.05). There was a significant difference in OHIP-Esthetics and PIDAQ sums compared with baseline scores (p<0.03). Conclusion: The two compounds remained effective at nine months, with a slight rebound of color, and maintained their objective color difference but not the subjective color difference. Patients were satisfied with the bleaching procedure, and this had a positive impact on esthetic perception and a positive psychosocial impact at the nine-month recall.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document