Preventive Use of a Resin-based Desensitizer Containing Glutaraldehyde on Tooth Sensitivity Caused by In-office Bleaching: A Randomized, Single-blind Clinical Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 472-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
ACS Diniz ◽  
SNL Lima ◽  
RRdJ Tavarez ◽  
AH Borges ◽  
SCS Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Tooth Whitening ◽  
Tooth Sensitivity ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Numerical Rating ◽  
Shade Guide ◽  
Single Blind

SUMMARY Objective: To evaluate the risk and intensity of bleaching-induced tooth sensitivity (TS) after in-office bleaching following topical application of a resin-based glutaraldehyde desensitizer. Methods: Thirty-three patients were randomly assigned to the experimental (Gluma Desensitizer Liquid, Heraeus Kulzer, Hanau, Germany) and placebo groups. The placebo or Gluma Desensitizer Liquid was applied for one minute prior to application of an in-office bleaching gel. Bleaching was performed with 35% hydrogen peroxide gel (three applications × 15 minutes each) over two sessions, one week apart. The color of the anterior teeth was evaluated before and 21 days after treatment using the VITA Classical shade guide, Bleachedguide 3D, and Easyshade spectrophotometer. TS during and after the bleaching was recorded according to the visual analog (VAS) and numerical rating (NRS) scales. All data were submitted to statistical analysis (α=0.05). Results: There was no significant difference in absolute risk or intensity of TS between the two groups (risk and VAS, p=0.93 and 0.31, respectively; NRS, p≥0.45). At the end of the bleaching protocol, tooth whitening was observed in both groups, as evident from color change in shade guide units (ΔSGU, 4.1-7.1; both guides) and overall color change (ΔE, 7.4-9.3 units); however, there were no significant differences in whitening between the two groups (p>0.11). Conclusion: Gluma Desensitizer Liquid was not able to reduce the risk or intensity of TS. Bleaching efficacy was not affected by application of the desensitizer.

Comparison of the Effects of In-office Bleaching Times on Whitening and Tooth Sensitivity: A Single Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Kose ◽  
AL Calixto ◽  
JRO Bauer ◽  
A Reis ◽  
AD Loguercio
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bleaching Agent ◽  
Tooth Sensitivity ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Verbal Scale ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Shade Guide ◽  
Single Blind

SUMMARY Objectives: The objective of the present study was to compare the bleaching efficacy (BE) and tooth sensitivity (TS) of in-office bleaching applied under different time protocols. Methods and Materials: Fifty-three patients were randomly distributed into three groups: the bleaching agent was applied in one (1×15), two (2×15), or three (3×15) 15-minute applications. The labial surfaces of the anterior teeth were bleached using a 35% hydrogen peroxide gel. Two bleaching sessions with a one-week interval between were performed. The shade evaluation was performed with a visual shade guide and spectrophotometer before and 30 days after bleaching. Participants recorded TS with a five-point verbal scale. Color change was analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey tests. The absolute risk of TS and TS intensity were evaluated by the Fisher exact and Friedman/Kruskal-Wallis tests, respectively (α= 0.05). Results: Significant whitening was observed in all groups, with statistically lower BE for the 1×15 group (p<0.05). The absolute risk of TS (95% confidence interval) was lower for the 1×15 group than for the other groups (p<0.05). The TS intensity of the 3×15 group was statistically higher than that associated with the other protocols (p<0.05). Conclusions: A single 15-minute application produced less TS but reduced BE. The protocol with 2×15 produced a degree of BE similar to that of the 3×15 group, but with reduced overall TS intensity.

Efficacy of and Effect on Tooth Sensitivity of In-office Bleaching Gel Concentrations: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 386-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Reis ◽  
S Kossatz ◽  
GC Martins ◽  
AD Loguercio
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Tooth Sensitivity ◽  
Bleaching Gels ◽  
Shade Guide

SUMMARY With the aim of reducing the side effects of in-office bleaching agents, less-concentrated hydrogen peroxide (HP) gels have been released by manufacturers. We evaluated the tooth sensitivity (TS) and bleaching efficacy (BE) of two HP concentrations in this study. Gels containing 35% and 20% HP (HP35 and HP20, respectively) were applied on teeth of 60 caries-free patients. Color was recorded at baseline and one week after the first and second bleaching sessions using the Vita Classical shade guide. TS was recorded on a 0-4 scale. BE at each weekly recall was evaluated by Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (α=0.05). Absolute risk of TS and its intensity was evaluated by Fisher exact and Mann-Whitney tests, respectively (α=0.05). After two bleaching sessions, color change of approximately eight tabs was obtained with HP35; whereas, with HP20 it was six tabs (p<0.05). Only 26.7% (HP35) and 16.7% (HP20) of the participants reported TS, and no statistical differences were detected among them. Both in-office bleaching gels showed similar TS intensity, but the 35% HP agent produced faster bleaching.

scholarly journals A Single-Blind Randomized Trial About the Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide Concentration on Light-Activated Bleaching

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
AP Mena-Serrano ◽  
E Garcia ◽  
I Luque-Martinez ◽  
RHM Grande ◽  
AD Loguercio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Laser Light ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Light Activation ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Single Blind

SUMMARY Objective: To compare the bleaching efficacy and tooth sensitivity (TS) of two hydrogen peroxide (HP) concentrations (20% and 35%) used for in-office bleaching associated or not with a light-emitting diode (LED)/laser light activation. Method: Seventy-seven patients with a right maxillary canine darker than A3 were selected for this single-blind randomized trial. The participants were distributed in four groups: bleaching with 35% HP, 35% HP + LED/laser, 20% HP, and 20% HP + LED/laser. The anterior teeth were bleached in two sessions, using a 35% or 20% HP gel with a one-week interval. Each session had three applications of 15 minutes. For the light-activated groups, the LED/laser energy (Whitening Laser Light Plus, DMC) was employed according to the manufacturer's instructions. The color change was evaluated by subjective and objective methods. Participants recorded TS with five-point verbal and visual analog scales. Color change in ΔE was evaluated by analysis of variance and Tukey tests (α=0.05) and in ΔSGU with Kruskall-Wallis and Dunn test. The absolute risk of TS and TS intensity were evaluated by Fisher exact test and Kruskall-Wallis test, respectively (α=0.05). Results: All groups achieved the same level of whitening, except for the 20% HP group, which showed the lowest degree of whitening in the subjective analysis. The use of light did not increase the absolute risk or intensity of TS. No significant difference among groups was observed when color changes were assessed with the spectrophotometer. Conclusion: According to the value-oriented shade guide, the use of LED/laser light activation was able to increase the degree of whitening of the 20% HP group, but this association was not useful for the 35% HP gel. The spectrophotometer, however, did not detect significant differences among groups.

Effect of Daily Usage Time of 4% Hydrogen Peroxide on the Efficacy and Bleaching-induced Tooth Sensitivity: A Single-blind Randomized Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
RMO Terra ◽  
KL da Silva ◽  
L Vochikovski ◽  
E Sutil ◽  
M Rezende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Color Change ◽  
T Test ◽  
Tooth Sensitivity ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Single Blind ◽  
At Home

Clinical Relevance Although color change was slightly lower in a 3-week 30-minutes/day protocol, than in the 120-minute protocol, this could be compensated by an extra week of bleaching. The advantage of the shorter protocol is the reduced daily application, making the procedure more comfortable for the patients. SUMMARY Objective: Compare the risk/intensity of tooth sensitivity (TS) and color change of a 30-minute vs. the recommended 120-minute application time of 4% hydrogen peroxide (HP) for at-home bleaching. Methods: A single-blind, parallel, randomized clinical trial was conducted with 92 adult patients with caries and restoration-free anterior teeth A2 or darker, randomly allocated to two groups. Bleaching trays containing 4% HP were used for three-weeks. A four-week regimen was also offered to the patients for the 30-min group after the end of the 3-week protocol. The color change was assessed with the Vita Classical (VITA Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany) and Vita Bleachedguide shade guides (VITA Zahnfabrik) and the Vita Easyshade spectrophotometer (VITA Zahnfabrik) at baseline, weekly, and 30 days after the bleaching. The absolute risk and the intensity of TS were assessed daily using the 0-10 visual analogue scale (VAS) and 5-point Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) scale, and patient satisfaction was recorded with a Likert 0-7 scale. Risk of TS (Fisher’s test), intensity of TS in NRS scale (Mann-Whitney test), VAS scale (t-test), and a color change (t-test) were compared. Results: The 30-minute group saw color change of around 1 SGU inferior to the 120-minute group in all-time assessments (p<0.05). After an extra week of bleaching, mean color change was similar (p>0.05). Patient satisfaction was high for both groups (p>0.05). Conclusions: A four-week protocol of at-home dental bleaching with 4% HP for 30 minutes/day whitened teeth similarly to the 120 minutes/day protocol, with low intensity of dental sensitivity and high patient satisfaction.

Clinical Effects of Desensitizing Prefilled Disposable Trays in In-office Bleaching: A Randomized Single-blind Clinical Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. E1-E10
Author(s):  
LM Martins ◽  
LA Lima e Souza ◽  
E Sutil ◽  
LM da Silva ◽  
JOS Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Bleaching Agent ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Peroxide Bleaching ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Single Blind

SUMMARY Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the desensitizing effect of a prefilled disposable tray containing potassium nitrate and fluoride on the self-reported tooth sensitivity (TS) and the bleaching efficacy of 40% hydrogen peroxide bleaching agent used for in-office bleaching in comparison with potassium nitrate and fluoride gel applied in a conventional-delivered tray system in an equivalence clinical trial. Methods and Materials: Seventy-eight patients, with a right maxillary canine darker than A3, were selected for this single-blind (evaluators), randomized clinical trial. Teeth were bleached in two sessions with a one-week interval in between. Before in-office bleaching, the prefilled disposable tray or conventional tray containing potassium nitrate and fluoride was used for 15 minutes. Subsequently, the bleaching agent was applied in two 20-minute applications (per the manufacturer's directions) in each session. The color change was evaluated by subjective (Vita Classical and Vita Bleachedguide) and objective (Easyshade Advance Spectrophotometer) methods at baseline and 30 days after the first bleaching session. TS was recorded for up to 48 hours using a 0-10 visual analog scale. The absolute risk was evaluated by chi-square test, while the intensity of TS was evaluated by McNemar test (α=0.05). Color change in shade guide units and ΔE was analyzed by Student t-test for independent samples (α=0.05). Results: Significant whitening was observed in both groups after 30 days of clinical evaluation. The use of different methods of desensitizer in a tray did not influence the absolute risk and intensity of TS (p>0.05), although a tendency of lower risk of TS with the prefilled disposable tray containing potassium nitrate and fluoride was observed. Conclusion: The use of a prefilled disposable tray containing potassium nitrate and fluoride before the application of the in-office bleaching product did not affect the whitening degree and decreased self-reported TS when compared with a conventional-delivered tray system.

scholarly journals Coadministration of ibuprofen/caffeine on bleaching-induced tooth sensitivity: A randomized clinical trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-115
Author(s):  
Karine Letícia da Silva ◽  
Elisama Sutil ◽  
Diego Hortkoff ◽  
Renata Maria Oleniki Terra ◽  
Márcia Rezende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Tooth Sensitivity ◽  
Dental Bleaching ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Absolute

Abstract This clinical trial evaluated the effect of the coadministration of ibuprofen/caffeine on bleaching-induced tooth sensitivity (TS). A triple-blind, parallel-design, randomized clinical trial was conducted on 84 patients who received ibuprofen/caffeine or placebo capsules. The drugs were administered for 48 hours, starting 1 hour before the in-office bleaching. Two bleaching sessions were performed with 35% hydrogen peroxide gel with 1-week interval. TS was recorded up to 48 hours after dental bleaching with a 0-10 visual analogic scale (VAS) and a 5-point numeric rating scale (NRS). The color was evaluated with VITA Classical and VITA Bleachedguide scales (ΔSGU) and VITA Easyshade spectrophotometer (ΔE*ab and ΔE00). The absolute risk of TS in both groups was evaluated using Fischer's exact test. Comparisons of the TS intensity (NRS and VAS data) were performed by using the Mann-Whitney test and a two-way repeated measures ANOVA, respectively. The color alteration between the groups was compared with the Student's t test. The significance level was 5%. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups for the absolute risk of TS (p = 1.00) or for the intensity of TS (p > 0.05). A bleaching of approximately 7 shade guide units was observed on the Vita Classical and Vita Bleachedguide scales, with no statistical difference between the groups. It was concluded that coadministration of ibuprofen and caffeine did not reduce the absolute risk or intensity of TS and did not interfere with the efficacy of dental bleaching.

scholarly journals The degree of color change, rebound effect and sensitivity of bleached teeth associated with at-home and power bleaching techniques: A randomized clinical trial

2013 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. 405-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Velayati Moghadam ◽  
Sara Majidinia ◽  
Joseph Chasteen ◽  
Marjaneh Ghavamnasiri
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Rebound Effect ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Tooth Color ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
At Home

ABSTRACT Aim: The purpose of the present randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the color change, rebound effect and sensitivity of at-home bleaching with 15% carbamide peroxide and power bleaching using 38% hydrogen peroxide. Materials and Methods: For bleaching techniques, 20 subjects were randomized in a split mouth design (at-home and power bleaching): In maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth (n = 20). Color was recorded before bleaching, immediately after bleaching, at 2 weeks, 1, 3 and 6 month intervals. Tooth sensitivity was recorded using the visual analog scale. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare both groups regarding bleaching effectiveness (∆E 1 ), rebound effect (∆E 2 ) and color difference between the rebounded tooth color and unbleached teeth (∆E 3) while the Wilcoxon compared ∆E within each group. Distribution of sensitivity was evaluated using the Chi-square test (α =0.05). Results: There was no significant difference between groups regarding ∆E 1 and ∆E 3 (P > 0.05). Even though, ∆E 2 showed no significant difference between groups after bleaching as well as at 2 week, 1 month and 3 month follow-up periods (P > 0.05). Although, significant difference was found in ∆E 2 (P < 0.05 Mann-Whitney) between two methods after 6 months and a high degree of rebound effect was obtained with power bleaching. Within each group, there was no significant difference between ∆E 1 and ∆E 3 (P < 0.05 Wilcoxon). The distribution of sensitivity was identical with both techniques (P > 0.05).Conclusion: Bleaching techniques resulted in identical tooth whitening and post-operative sensitivity using both techniques, but faster color regression was found with power bleaching even though color regression to the baseline of the teeth in both groups was the same after 6 months.

Clinical Effects of Exposure to Coffee During At-home Vital Bleaching

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. E229-E236 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Rezende ◽  
AD Loguercio ◽  
A Reis ◽  
S Kossatz
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numerical Rating Scale ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Tooth Sensitivity ◽  
Visual Analog Scales ◽  
Numerical Rating ◽  
Shade Guide ◽  
Bleaching Treatment

SUMMARY The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether exposure to coffee during bleaching treatment with 16% carbamide peroxide (CP) affects the degree of whitening and tooth sensitivity. Forty patients with central incisors darker than A2 were selected. Participants who did not drink coffee were assigned to the control group (CG), while participants who drink coffee at least twice a day were assigned to the experimental group (EG). For CG, foods with dyes were restricted. For EG there was no restriction on food and patients were asked to make coffee rinses for 30 seconds, four times daily. For both groups 16% CP was used for a period of three hours daily for three weeks. Shade evaluation was assessed visually by Vita classical shade guide and by the Easyshade spectrophotometer at baseline, during bleaching (first, second, and third weeks), and postbleaching (one week and one month). Patients recorded their sensitivity perceptions by means of the numerical rating scale and 0-10 visual analog scales. Variation in shade guide units and the two colors (ΔE) were evaluated by two-way analysis of variance and Tukey tests (α=0.05). Absolute risk of tooth sensitivity and intensity of tooth sensitivity was evaluated by Fisher exact and Mann-Whitney tests (α=0.05). Effective bleaching was observed for both groups after three weeks, without statistical difference. No difference in terms of risk of tooth sensitivity and intensity of tooth sensitivity was detected between groups. Approximately 57% of the participants experienced tooth sensitivity, which was recorded mainly as “mild.” Exposure to coffee during bleaching treatment does not seem to affect the degree of bleaching and tooth sensitivity.

Administration of Ascorbic Acid to Prevent Bleaching-induced Tooth Sensitivity: A Randomized Triple-blind Clinical Trial

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
EA de Paula ◽  
S Kossatz ◽  
D Fernandes ◽  
AD Loguercio ◽  
A Reis
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Tooth Sensitivity ◽  
Parallel Design ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Similar Risk

SUMMARY This study evaluated the effect of ascorbic acid, 500 mg every eight hours, on bleaching-induced tooth sensitivity. A triple-blind, parallel design, and placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial was conducted on 39 adults. The pills (placebo or ascorbic acid) were administered three times per day for 48 hours; the first dose was given one hour prior to each bleaching session. Two bleaching sessions with 35% hydrogen peroxide gel were performed with a one-week interval. Tooth sensitivity was recorded up to 48 hours after bleaching. The color evaluation was performed before and 30 days after bleaching. The absolute risk and intensity of tooth sensitivity were evaluated by Fisher exact and Mann-Whitney U-tests, respectively. Color changes were evaluated by unpaired t-test (α=0.05). There were no significant differences in the absolute risk and intensity of tooth sensitivity and color change between the groups. Both groups showed a similar risk of tooth sensitivity (p&gt;0.05). The perioperative use of an antioxidant, such as ascorbic acid (500 mg, three times daily) perorally, was not able to prevent bleaching-induced tooth sensitivity or reduce its intensity.

Sonic Activation of a Desensitizing Gel Prior to In-Office Bleaching

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
VP Lima ◽  
LM da Silva ◽  
A Nuñez ◽  
A Armas-Vega ◽  
AD Loguercio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Sonic Activation ◽  
Shade Guide

SUMMARY This double-blind, randomized, and controlled clinical trial evaluated the effect of sonic activation during the application of a desensitizing agent (DA) containing 5% potassium nitrate and 2% sodium fluoride on the occurrence of tooth sensitivity (TS) associated with in-office dental bleaching. Treatment with or without sonic activation of the DA was randomly assigned to one-half of the maxillary teeth of 34 patients in a split-mouth design. On the side without sonic activation (noSA), the DA was applied and maintained in contact with the teeth for 10 minutes. On the sonic activation side (SA), the DA was activated 30 seconds per tooth. The DA application was followed by application of 35% hydrogen peroxide in two bleaching sessions separated by a one-week interval. The primary outcome was the absolute risk of TS, recorded using a numeric rating scale and a visual analog scale. Color was evaluated with a digital spectrophotometer and a value-oriented shade guide. No significant difference between treatments was observed in the absolute risk of TS, which occurred in 93% (p=1.00) of both noSA and SA groups. The TS intensity was higher in the 24-hour interval after sessions, for both treatments, without differences between them. There was no difference in the color change for the treatments, with the average change in number of shade guide units of the Vita Classical scale of 6.35 for both (p=0.87). Sonic activation of DA containing 5% potassium nitrate and 2% sodium fluoride did not reduce the absolute risk and intensity of TS associated with in-office bleaching.

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