Effect of Finishing and Polishing on Roughness and Gloss of Lithium Disilicate and Lithium Silicate Zirconia Reinforced Glass Ceramic for CAD/CAM Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Vichi ◽  
R Fabian Fonzar ◽  
C Goracci ◽  
M Carrabba ◽  
M Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Lithium Silicate ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Group A ◽  
Treatment Interaction ◽  
Group B ◽  
Cam Systems ◽  
Significant Factors

SUMMARY Objective: To assess the efficacy of dedicated finishing/polishing systems on roughness and gloss of VITA Suprinity and IPS e.max CAD. Method: A total of 24 blocks of Suprinity and 24 of e.max were cut into a wedge shape using an InLab MC-XL milling unit. After crystallization, the 24 Suprinity wedges were divided into four subgroups: group A.1: Suprinity Polishing Set Clinical used for 30 seconds and group A.2: for 60 seconds; group A.3: VITA Akzent Plus Paste; and group A.4: spray. The 24 e.max wedges (group B) were divided into four subgroups according to the finishing procedure: group B.1: Optrafine Ceramic Polishing System for 30 seconds and group B.2: for 60 seconds; group B.3: IPS e.max CAD Crystall/Glaze paste; and group B.4: spray. After finishing/polishing, gloss was assessed with a glossmeter and roughness evaluated with a profilometer. Results were analyzed by applying a two-way analysis of variance for gloss and another for roughness (α=0.05). One specimen per each subgroup was observed with a scanning electron microscope. Results: For roughness, materials and surface were significant factors (p<0.001). Suprinity exhibited significantly lower roughness than e.max. Also the Material-Surface Treatment interaction was statistically significant (p=0.026). For gloss, both material and surface treatment were significant factors (p<0.001). VITA Suprinity showed significantly higher gloss than e.max. Also the Material-Surface Treatment interaction was statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusions: Manual finishing/polishing for 60 seconds and glazing paste are the most effective procedures in lowering the roughness of CAD/CAM silica-based glass ceramics. Manual finishing/polishing for 60 seconds allows milled silica-based glass ceramics to yield a higher gloss. VITA Suprinity displayed higher polishability than IPS e.max CAD.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of the Fracture Strength of Monolithic Crowns Fabricated from Different all-ceramic CAD/CAM Materials (an in vitro study)

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1689-1697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainab M. Jassim ◽  
Manhal A. Majeed
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Strength ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Lithium Silicate ◽  
Reinforced Composite ◽  
All Ceramic ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the fracture strength of monolithic crowns fabricated from five different all-ceramic CAD/CAM materials (lithium disilicate, zirconia, reinforced composite, hybrid dental ceramic, and zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate) using single load to failure test. Forty sound human maxillary first premolar teeth extracted for orthodontic purposes were selected for use in this study. Teeth were prepared according to a standard protocol with 1 mm deep chamfer finishing line, 4 mm axial height with planer occlusal reduction and 6º total convergence angle. Teeth were then divided into five groups of eight teeth each according to the material used for the fabrication of the monolithic crowns as follow: Group A: Crowns fabricated from lithium disilicate (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent), Group B: Crowns fabricated from zirconia (CEREC Zirconia, Dentsply Sirona), Group C: Crowns fabricated from reinforced composite (BRILLIANT Crios, COLTENE), Group D: Crowns fabricated from hybrid dental ceramic (VITA ENAMIC, VITA Zahnfabric), Group E: Crowns fabricated from zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (CELTRA DUO, Dentsply Sirona). Teeth of all groups were then scanned with CEREC Omnicam digital intraoral scanner and the crowns were then designed using CEREC Premium software (version 4.4.4) and milled using CEREC MC XL milling unit. Post-milling, crowns of each group were subjected to either a firing procedure or to a polishing only according to the manufacturer's instructions of each material. The internal surfaces of the crowns of each group were then subjected to surface treatment according to the manufacturer's instructions of each material and the crowns were then cemented on their respective teeth using a universal dual-cured adhesive resin cement (Duo-Link Universal, Bisco Inc.). All teeth with the cemented crowns were then stored in deionized distilled water at room temperature for 24 hours before testing. All samples were then subjected to compressive axial loading until fracture in computer-controlled universal testing machine (Zwick Z010, Ulm, Germany) at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA test and LSD test at a level of significance of 0.05. The results of this study showed that the highest mean value of fracture strength was recorded by Group B (2337.37), followed by Group C (1880.59), Group E (1404.49), Group A (1085.39) and Group D (767.06), respectively with statistically highly significant differences among the different groups (p<0.01). From the results of this study, it seems that the differences in the chemical composition and microstructure of the tested all-ceramic CAD/CAM materials may be responsible for the differences in the fracture strength of the fabricated crowns.

scholarly journals Marginal Integrity of CAD/CAM Ceramic Crowns Using Two Different Finish Line Designs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaber Hussain Akbar ◽  
Ridwaan Omar ◽  
Yacoub Al Tarakmah
Keyword(s):  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
United States Public Health ◽  
Finish Line ◽  
Marginal Integrity ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Line Design

Statement of problem- Research on evaluation of crowns made by the latest CAD/CAM systems for their marginal adaptation is scarce. Purpose- The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the marginal integrity of crowns fabricated by the latest Chairside Economical Restorations of Esthetic Ceramic (CEREC) system using two different finish line preparation designs: Chamfer and Shoulder. Material and methods- Typhodont teeth were equally divided into two groups, group A and B. The teeth were prepared for full coverage crowns with a shoulder (group A) and chamfer finish line design (group B). An experienced prosthodontist prepared all crown preparations. Evaluation of six sites per sample was completed by two calibrated, experienced prosthodontists using the modified United States Public Health Services (USPHS) criteria. The descriptive statistics and Z-test were used to evaluate the results. Results- A total of 180 teeth were included in the study (90 teeth in each group). Only two crowns in group A and one crown in group B were clinically unacceptable. There was no statistical significance (p=0.282) between the two groups regarding finish-line design. Conclusions- CEREC system provides clinically acceptable crowns and can safely be utilized in dental treatment. Therefore, Contemporary Dental Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) restorations should be considered as a safe treatment modality by dental professionals.

scholarly journals Fracture Resistance in Non-Vital Teeth: Absence of Interproximal Ferrule and Influence of Preparation Depth in CAD/CAM Endocrown Overlays—An In Vitro Study

Materials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 436
Author(s):  
Lucía Barallat ◽  
María Arregui ◽  
Sandra Fernandez-Villar ◽  
Blanca Paniagua ◽  
Andrés Pascual-La Rocca
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Strength ◽  
Fracture Resistance ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Alveolar Crest ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

There is ample evidence to support the use of endocrowns to restore endodontic teeth. However, the influence of the position of the interproximal margins on fracture strength has not yet been studied. The aim was to determine the relationship between the apicocoronal position of the interproximal restorative margins and fracture resistance in nonvital teeth restored with CAD/CAM endocrown overlays. Forty extracted human maxillary premolars were prepared for endocrown overlay restorations without ferrule on the interproximal aspects and classified according to the position of the interproximal restoration margins in relation to the alveolar crest: 2 mm (group A), 1 mm (group B), 0.5 mm (group C), and 0 mm (group D). Fracture strength was measured using a universal testing machine applying a compressive force to the longitudinal tooth axis. Group A had a mean fracture resistance of 859.61 (±267.951) N, group B 1053.9 (±333.985) N, group C 1124.6 (±291.172) N, and group D 780.67 (±183.269) N, with statistical differences between groups. Group C had the highest values for fracture strength compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). The location of the interproximal margins appears to influence the fracture resistance of CAD/CAM endocrown overlays. A distance of 0.5 mm between the interproximal margin and the alveolar crest was associated with increased fracture resistance.

Esthetic and Clinical Performance of Implant-Supported All-Ceramic Crowns Made with Prefabricated or CAD/CAM Zirconia Abutments: A Randomized, Multicenter Clinical Trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. Wittneben ◽  
J. Gavric ◽  
U.C. Belser ◽  
M.M. Bornstein ◽  
T. Joda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Multicenter Clinical Trial ◽  
Anterior Maxilla ◽  
Single Crown ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
All Ceramic ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Patients’ esthetic expectations are increasing, and the options of the prosthetic pathways are currently evolving. The objective of this randomized multicenter clinical trial was to assess and compare the esthetic outcome and clinical performance of anterior maxillary all-ceramic implant crowns (ICs) based either on prefabricated zirconia abutments veneered with pressed ceramics or on CAD/CAM zirconia abutments veneered with hand buildup technique. The null hypothesis was that there is no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups. Forty implants were inserted in sites 14 to 24 (FDI) in 40 patients in 2 centers, the Universities of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland. After final impression, 20 patients were randomized into group A, restored with a 1-piece screw-retained single crown made of a prefabricated zirconia abutment with pressed ceramic as the veneering material using the cut-back technique, or group B using an individualized CAD/CAM zirconia abutment (CARES abutment; Institut Straumann AG) with a hand buildup technique. At baseline, 6 mo, and 1 y clinical, esthetic and radiographic parameters were assessed. Group A exhibited 1 dropout patient and 1 failure, resulting in a survival rate of 94.7% after 1 y, in comparison to 100% for group B. No other complications occurred. Clinical parameters presented stable and healthy peri-implant soft tissues. Overall, no or only minimal crestal bone changes were observed with a mean DIB (distance from the implant shoulder to the first bone-to-implant contact) of −0.15 mm (group A) and 0.12 mm (group B) at 1 y. There were no significant differences at baseline, 6 mo, and 1 y for DIB values between the 2 groups. Pink esthetic score (PES) and white esthetic score (WES) values at all 3 examinations indicated stability over time for both groups and pleasing esthetic outcomes. Both implant-supported prosthetic pathways represent a valuable treatment option for the restoration of single ICs in the anterior maxilla ( ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02905838).

scholarly journals Effect of Thermocycling, Surface Treatments and Microstructure on the Optical Properties and Roughness of CAD-CAM and Heat-Pressed Glass Ceramics

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxana-Diana Vasiliu ◽  
Sorin Daniel Porojan ◽  
Mihaela Ionela Bîrdeanu ◽  
Liliana Porojan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Glass Ceramic ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Lithium Disilicate ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Surface Treatments ◽  
Lithium Silicate ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cad Cam

Dental ceramic restorations are widely spread nowadays due to their aesthetics and biocompatibility. In time, the colour and structure of these ceramic materials can be altered by aging processes. How does artificial aging affect the optical and surface roughness of ceramics? This study aims to assess the effect of thermocycling, surface treatments and microstructure upon translucency, opalescence and surface roughness on CAD-CAM and heat-pressed glass-ceramic. Forty-eight samples (1.5 mm thickness) were fabricated from six types of A2 MT ceramic: heat-pressed and milled glass-ceramic (feldspathic, lithium disilicate and zirconia reinforced lithium silicate). The samples were obtained respecting the manufacturer’s instructions. The resulted surfaces (n = 96) were half glazed and half polished. The samples were subjected to thermocycling (10,000 cycles) and roughness values (Ra and Rz), colour coordinates (L*, a*, b*) and microstructural analyses were assessed before and after thermocycling. Translucency (TP) and opalescence (OP) were calculated. Values were statistically analysed using ANOVA test (one way). TP and OP values were significantly different between heat-pressed and milled ceramics before and also after thermocycling (p < 0.001). Surface treatments (glazing and polishing) had a significant effect on TP and OP and surface roughness (p < 0.05). The heat-pressed and milled zirconia reinforced lithium silicate glass-ceramic experienced a loss in TP and OP. Ra and Rz increased for the glazed samples, TP and OP decreased for all the samples after thermocycling. Microstructural analyse revealed that glazed surfaces were more affected by the thermocycling and especially for the zirconia reinforced lithium silicate ceramic. Optical properties and surface roughness of the chosen ceramic materials were affected by thermocycling, surface treatments and microstructural differences. The least affected of the ceramics was the lithium disilicate ceramic heat-pressed polished and glazed.

scholarly journals Does Surface Finishing Method Can Alter the Colour of Monolithic Zirconia Restoration?

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-131
Author(s):  
Ender Akan ◽  
Ibrahim Talha Meşe
Keyword(s):  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Surface Finishing ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Colour Measurements ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group A ◽  
Colour Changes ◽  
Monolithic Zirconia ◽  
Group B ◽  
Effect Of Surface

SummaryMonolithic zirconia restorations offer superior mechanic properties and improve indication of non-metallic restorations. Monolithic restorations eliminate bonding and chipping problems mostly seen in zirconia restorations. However, optical properties are insufficient. Colouring or staining is offer possibility to mask the opaque view of restoration. Polishing and glazing are also surface treatment methods for monolithic zirconia.In this study effect of surface treatment methods on final view of zirconia were evaluated. For this purpose 30 monolithic zirconia samples (inCoris TZI, Sirona, Bensheim, Germany) were prepared. The samples were divided into 3 groups: In group A (n=10), glazing was performed using Vita Glaze (Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Saeckingen, Germany); In group B (n=10), polishing was performed by using Soflex polishing system (3M-ESPE, Neuss, Germany); in Group C (n=10), polishing and glazing were performed. Before and after the applied the surface treatment methods, colour measurements were performed with a spectrophotometer (Vita EasyShade Advanced, Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Saeckingen, Germany). Data were analysed using paired sample t-test at the p≤0.05 level and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) combined with Tukey’s multiple comparison tests.In all groups there were alterations in colour values; however, ΔE< 3.7 and the colour changes were undetectable.

Comparison of Bond Strength of Monolithic CAD-CAM Materials to Resin Cement Using Different Surface Treatment Methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-127
Author(s):  
Sevki Cinar ◽  
Bike Altan ◽  
Gokhan Akgungor
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Surface Treatments ◽  
Resin Cement ◽  
Lithium Silicate ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Hybrid Ceramic ◽  
Silicate Ceramic

Objective: To compare the bond strength of monolithic CAD-CAM materials to resin cement using different surface treatment methods. Materials and Methods: Lithium disilicate glass ceramic (IPS e-max CAD), zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic (Vita Suprinity), resin nanoceramic (Lava Ultimate), and hybrid ceramic (Vita Enamic) were used. Five groups of CAD-CAM blocks were treated as follows: control (C), HF etching (HF), HF etching + silanization (HF + S), sandblasting (SB), and sandblasting + silanization (SB + S). After surface treatments, SEM analyses were conducted. Specimens were cemented with self-adhesive resin cement (Theracem) and stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 h. Shear bond strength (SBS) was measured, and failure types were categorized. Results were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and the post-hoc Tukey test. Results: Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between SBS values obtained for different surface treatments and CAD-CAM block types ( P < .001). Among the CAD-CAM materials, the highest SBS was reported in the HF + S group for Vita Enamic. Although IPS e.max CAD, Vita Suprinity, and Vita Enamic showed higher bond strength when treated with HF + S, Lava Ultimate has the highest bond strength value when treated with SB + S. Conclusions: The bond strength of CAD-CAM materials was influenced by surface treatment. Additionally, silanization significantly improved the bond strength of all materials except Lava Ultimate.

Strength-limiting damage in lithium silicate glass-ceramics associated with CAD–CAM

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan L. Romanyk ◽  
Ysidora Torrealba Martinez ◽  
Sydney Veldhuis ◽  
Nyssa Rae ◽  
Yilan Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silicate Glass ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Lithium Silicate ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Lithium Silicate Glass

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effect of Different Types of Abrasive Surface Treatment before and after Zirconia Sintering on Its Structural Composition and Bond Strength with Resin Cement

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Skienhe ◽  
Roland Habchi ◽  
Hani Ounsi ◽  
Marco Ferrari ◽  
Ziad Salameh
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Monoclinic Phase ◽  
Resin Cement ◽  
Silica Powder ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

This study evaluated the effect of air abrasion before and after sintering with different particle type, shape, and size on the surface morphology, monoclinic phase transformation, and bond strength between resin cement and zirconia surface using primer containing silane and MDP. Airborne particle abrasion (APA) was performed on zirconia before and after sintering with different particle shape and size (50 μm Al2O3 and 25 μm silica powder). 120 square shaped presintered zirconia samples (Amann Girrbach) were prepared (3 mm height × 10 mm width × 10 mm length) and polished with grit papers #800, 1000, 1200, 1500, and 2000. Samples were divided into 6 groups according to surface treatment—group A: (control) no surface treatment; group B: APA 50 μm Al2O3 before sintering (BS); group C: APA 50 μm Al2O3 after sintering (AS); group D: APA25 μm silica powder (BS); group E: APA25 μm silica powder (AS) at a pressure of 3.5 bar; and group F: APA 25 μm silica powder (AS) at a pressure of 4 bar. Samples were analyzed using XRD, AFM, and SEM. The samples were submitted to shear bond strength (SBS) test. A dual cure resin cement (RelyX Ultimate) and primer (Scotchbond Universal) were used. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey test (α≥0.05). APA in group B significantly increased the surface roughness when compared to all other groups. A significant monoclinic phase transformation (t-m) value was observed in groups C and F and a reverse transformation occurred in presintered groups. The SBS value of group A was 11.58±1.43 and the highest significant shear bond strength value was for groups B (15.86±1.92) and C (17.59±2.21 MPa) with no significant difference between them. Conclusions. The use of APA 50 μm Al2O3 before sintering and the application of primer containing MDP seem to be valuable methods for durable bonding with zirconia. The use of APA 50 μm Al2O3 after sintering induced the highest (t-m) phase transformation.

scholarly journals Review of Different Materials that can be CAD/CAM Processed Description, chemical composition, indications in dentistry areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 4029-4034
Keyword(s):  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Restorative Dentistry ◽  
Materials Properties ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Technology Cad ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Cam Systems ◽  
The Ideal

The objective of this paper is to inform on the indications, appearance and advantages offered by each category of materials used in CAD / CAM technique for different prosthetic restorations.Modern techniques in restorative dentistry include CAD/CAM systems and materials that can be CAD/CAM processed. It is very important to know the physical-chemical properties and the indications of these materials to translate the patient’s wishes to reality providing the ideal restoration. There are a variety of CAD/CAM materials to choose from, all designed to provide efficient restoration design and production. We can choose from available materiales including glass ceramics, nano ceramics, zirconia, hybrid ceramics, BioHPP, in blocks or disks form. Keywords: CAD/CAM technology, CAD/CAM materials, properties, indications

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