Fracture Resistance and Failure Mode of Custom-made Post-and-cores of Polyetheretherketone and Nano-ceramic Composite

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 506-515
Author(s):  
KN Teixeira ◽  
TM Duque ◽  
HP Maia ◽  
TMSV Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Failure Mode ◽  
Fracture Resistance ◽  
Ceramic Composite ◽  
Ceramic Composites ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Cast Metal ◽  
Bonferroni Adjustment ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Computer Aided

Clinical Relevance Custom-made post-and-cores of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and nano-ceramic composite showed good fracture resistance and failure mode. Clinicians should be aware that these materials might be an efficient alternative for post-and-cores, because they promote esthetics while reducing the risk of root fractures. SUMMARY Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance and failure mode of custom-made post-and-cores manufactured with different esthetic materials. Methods and Materials: A total of 48 mandibular premolar extracted teeth were selected, endodontically treated, and prepared to receive the posts. Specimens were randomly divided into four groups (n=12/group): group 1, polyetheretherketone (PEEK, Degos; G1); group 2, nano-ceramic composite (Lava Ultimate, 3M ESPE; G2); group 3, cast metal post (NiCr alloy, control; G3); group 4, fiberglass post (Whitepost, FGM, control; G4) customized with a nano-hybrid resin composite (Z250, 3M ESPE). Experimental post-and-cores (G1 and G2) were manufactured with a computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing system. All posts were cemented with self-adhesive resin cement (Rely X U200, 3M ESPE), and specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 60 days. A universal testing machine was used to measure the fracture resistance (0.5 mm/min at an angle of 45° to the long axis of the tooth). Fractures were classified as repairable or catastrophic. One-way analysis of variance with Tukey post hoc and χ2 tests for independence and Bonferroni adjustments were applied (α=0.05). Results: The fracture resistance values (mean ± SD, in newtons) were 379.4 ± 119.8 (G1), 506.4 ± 138 (G2), 939.6 ± 146.5 (G3), and 449.6 ± 66.5 (G4). Only G3 exhibited a significant difference (p<0.05). The χ2 test showed an association between failure mode and post-and-core material [χ2(3) = 23.65; p<0.001]. After Bonferroni adjustment, only G3 presented a higher than expected incidence of catastrophic failures (p<0.001). In the remaining groups, most failures were repairable and related to debonding. Conclusions: Customized post-and-cores of PEEK and nano-ceramic composites exhibited good mechanical performance. Their fracture resistance was comparable to that observed for fiberglass customized posts, yet lower than that for cast metal posts. For PEEK post-and-cores, in particular, additional studies are needed to improve adhesiveness and reduce the risk of debonding.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Effect by Different Surface Treatment Agents on Retention of Custom Made Cast Metal Post and Prefabricated Glass Fibre Post-A Comparative Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 007-011
Author(s):  
Sunny Panthi ◽  
Kusum Dutta ◽  
Gaurav Singla ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Glass Fibre ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sand Blasting ◽  
Cast Metal ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Glass Fibre Posts ◽  
Metal Post

AbstractPosts are widely used for restoring endodontically treated teeth with insufficient coronal tooth structure. Custom made cast metal post and core systems have a long history of successful use due to their superior physical properties. Prefabricated post systems have recently become more popular because they can provide satisfactory results, while saving time and reducing costs. Materials and Method: Post spaces were prepared in 60 extracted caries free teeth, and divided into two main groups of 30 teeth each for cast metal and glass fibre posts. These groups were further divided into 3 subgroups of 10 specimens each I) Control group without any surface treatment, II) Specimens treated with 57% ethanol, III) Specimens air abraded with 50um air borne alumina particles. Teeth were mounted in acrylic blocks prepared from a specially fabricated metal device. Posts were luted in the prepared post spaces with glass ionomer luting cement. Retentive strength was tested by Universal testing machine at 2mm/min crosshead speed. Results: Sand blasting of cast metal posts showed more significant improvement in retention compared to both control group and ethyl alcohol treated groups. In case of glass fibre posts, sand blasting significantly improved its retention compared to control group but no significant difference was observed between control and ethyl alcohol treated groups. There was also no significant difference between ethyl alcohol treated and sand blasted group. Conclusion: It was concluded that, sand blasting is an effective method to improve retention of both cast metal and glass fibre posts.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Bond Strength and Fracture Resistance of Different Post Systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 788-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevinç Aktemur Türker ◽  
Bahar Özçelik ◽  
Zeliha Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Fracture Resistance ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Network ◽  
Resistance Test ◽  
Mandibular Incisor ◽  
Cast Metal ◽  
Adhesive Luting ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Push Out

ABSTRACT Aim To compare the bond strength and the fracture resistance of different post systems. Materials and methods Endodontically treated 60 mandibular incisor and 60 mandibular premolar teeth were used for the bond strength and fracture resistance test respectively. For each test, three groups (n = 20) were formed according to the posts used zirconia posts (ZR post), individually formed glass fiber reinforced composite posts with an (Interpenetrating Polymer Network—IPN post) and cast metal posts. Then groups were randomly assigned into two subgroups according to the post design: 1-parallel sided and 2-tapered (n = 10/group). All posts were luted with a self-adhesive luting agent. For push-out test two 1 mm thick horizontal root sections were obtained and subjected to push-out test. For fracture resistance test, the specimens were loaded vertically at 1 mm/min crosshead speed. The push out test data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's test. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey significant difference tests were used to compare the fracture resistance. Results Cast metal posts showed the highest retention (p < 0.05); however, IPN and zirconia posts showed similar results. No significant difference was found between parallel sided or tapered designs of post groups in terms of bond strength (p > 0.05). In terms of fracture resistance, IPN post groups showed lowest fracture resistance (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found between parallel sided or tapered posts in terms of fracture resistance, except zirconia post (p > 0.05). There was no relationship between the bond strength and fracture resistance of the post systems (r = – 0.015, p > 0.700). Conclusion Post type had effect both on the fracture resistance and retention of the posts used. However, post design had effect only on the fracture resistance of the post systems. Clinical significance Superficial treatment of the post used can improve the retention of post systems. How to cite this article Türker SA, Özçelik B, Yilmaz Z. Evaluation of the Bond Strength and Fracture Resistance of Different Post Systems. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(10): 788-793.

scholarly journals Fracture Resistance of New Metal-Free Materials Used for CAD-CAM Fabrication of Partial Posterior Restorations

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Georgina García-Engra ◽  
Lucia Fernandez-Estevan ◽  
Javier Casas-Terrón ◽  
Antonio Fons-Font ◽  
Pablo Castelo-Baz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Materials ◽  
Fracture Resistance ◽  
Lithium Disilicate ◽  
Lithium Silicate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Occlusal Wear ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam

Background and Objectives: To evaluate in vitro the fracture resistance and fracture type of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) materials. Materials and Methods: Discs were fabricated (10 × 1.5 mm) from four test groups (N = 80; N = 20 per group): lithium disilicate (LDS) group (control group): IPS e.max CAD®; zirconium-reinforced lithium silicate (ZRLS) group: VITA SUPRINITY®; polymer-infiltrated ceramic networks (PICN) group: VITA ENAMIC®; resin nanoceramics (RNC) group: LAVA™ ULTIMATE. Each disc was cemented (following the manufacturers’ instructions) onto previously prepared molar dentin. Samples underwent until fracture using a Shimadzu® test machine. The stress suffered by each material was calculated with the Hertzian model, and its behavior was analyzed using the Weibull modulus. Data were analyzed with ANOVA parametric statistical tests. Results: The LDS group obtained higher fracture resistance (4588.6 MPa), followed by the ZRLS group (4476.3 MPa) and PICN group (4014.2 MPa) without statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). Hybrid materials presented lower strength than ceramic materials, the RNC group obtaining the lowest values (3110 MPa) with significant difference (p < 0.001). Groups PICN and RNC showed greater occlusal wear on the restoration surface prior to star-shaped fracture on the surface, while other materials presented radial fracture patterns. Conclusion: The strength of CAD-CAM materials depended on their composition, lithium disilicate being stronger than hybrid materials.

scholarly journals Effect of MTA versus CEM apical plugs on fracture resistance of endodontically treated simulated immature teeth restored with cast metal posts: an in-vitro study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ensieh Grayli ◽  
Abbas Dashtban ◽  
Leyla Shadan ◽  
Naser Behnampour ◽  
Elham Afshari
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Resistance ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Cast Metal ◽  
Immature Teeth ◽  
Gutta Percha ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Endodontically treated immature teeth which are restored with cast metal posts are of the most susceptible teeth to fracture. An apical plug is usually used as root end filling in order to seal the wide apical foramen. The current study was performed to evaluate the effect of different apical plug materials (MTA and Calcium enriched mixture cement) at varied thicknesses on fracture resistance of teeth restored with cast metal posts. Methods A total of 40 extracted intact single-rooted human mandibular premolars (removed for orthodontic reasons) were used in the study. The coronal part of each tooth was removed and root canal preparation was performed. A size 4 Gates Glidden drill was used to enlarge the canal and was passed through the apical foramen in order to simulate an immature apex. Samples were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8) according to apical plug (control group: No plug, group MTA5: 5 mm MTA plug, group CEM5: 5 mm CEM plug, group MTA3: 3 mm MTA plug, group CEM3: 3 mm CEM plug). Post-space preparations were performed and cast metal post-and-cores were fabricated and cemented. Fracture resistance was assessed using a universal testing machine. Fracture thresholds were recorded and data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s T3 tests with significance level at P value < 0.05. Results The analysis showed a significant difference of fracture resistance between groups (P value < 0.05). The mean fracture resistance of samples in control group was significantly lower than MTA5 (P value = 0.003). There was no significant difference between other groups (P value > 0.05). Conclusions Within the limits of this study, the evidence indicated that placement of a 5 mm MTA apical plug increased the fracture resistance in simulated immature teeth which are restored with cast metal posts, compared to control group (gutta-percha and sealer). While the results were not as promising for a 3 mm MTA apical plug or either 3 or 5 mm CEM apical plug.

Efficacy of Direct Restorative Materials in Proximal Box Elevation on the Margin Quality and Fracture Resistance of Molars Restored With CAD/CAM Onlays

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
TD Grubbs ◽  
M Vargas ◽  
J Kolker ◽  
EC Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Resistance ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cyclic Fatigue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Proximal Box Elevation

SUMMARY Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of four direct restorative materials that can be used in the proximal box elevation (PBE) technique. Methods and Materials: Seventy-five molar teeth were randomly assigned to one of five groups (n=15): type II glass ionomer (GI), type II resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI), resin-based composite (RBC), bulk-fill (BF) resin-based composite, and a control with no box elevation procedure. Specimens were prepared for a standard mesio-occlusal-distal, computer-aided design/computer-aided manufactured (CAD-CAM) resin, nanoceramic onlay with mesial cervical margins located 1 mm above the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and distal cervical margins located 2 mm below the CEJ. PBE was used to elevate the distal margins to 1 mm above the CEJ in all groups except the control group. For the control group the onlay margin was placed directly on the prepared distal tooth structure without PBE. A Lava Ultimate CAD/CAM resin, nanoceramic onlay restorative was manufactured and bonded on all specimens with RelyX Ultimate adhesive resin cement. The quality of the tooth-PBE material and PBE material-onlay interface was evaluated with scanning electron microscopy using epoxy resin replicas before and after cyclic loading (100,000 cycles, 1.2 Hz at 65N and 37°C). In addition to margin quality, the fracture resistance of each group was measured using a universal testing machine. Fracture pattern was recorded by visual examination. The Levene test for homogeneity and the Welch analysis of variance were completed for fracture resistance and margin quality. A χ2 test was completed for break mode. Results: For dentin margins, a statistically significant difference was detected between the RMGI and control groups at baseline (p=0.0442). All other groups—GI, RBC, and BF—showed no difference from the control at baseline (p&gt;0.05). No statistical significance was observed among groups for post-cyclic fatigue (p=0.8735). For onlay margins, no statistical significance was observed among groups for pre-cyclic fatigue, post-cyclic fatigue, or change (p=0.9713, p=0.528, p=0.4385, respectively). No significant difference was observed for the fracture resistance among groups or for the type of break by material used (p=0.1593, p=0.77, respectively). Conclusion: Within the parameters of this study, after mechanical fatigue, the materials used for PBE: RMGI, RBC, and BF, did not influence results in terms of margin quality and fracture resistance. Therefore, collective findings suggest that these materials might be suitable for PBE procedures. Nevertheless, clinical caution is recommended with any PBE procedure and further testing of GI materials is needed.

scholarly journals Effects of Liner-Bonding of Implant-Supported Glass–Ceramic Crown to Zirconia Abutment on Bond Strength and Fracture Resistance

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 2798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Seok Jang ◽  
Sang-Hoon Oh ◽  
Won-Suck Oh ◽  
Min-Ho Lee ◽  
Jung-Jin Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Glass Ceramic ◽  
Fracture Resistance ◽  
Tetragonal Zirconia ◽  
Zirconia Ceramic ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Mode Of Failure ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Ceramic Crown

This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that heat-bonding with a liner positively affects the bond strength and fracture resistance of an implant-supported glass–ceramic crown bonded to a zirconia abutment produced by a computer-aided design/computer-aided milling (CAD/CAM) procedure. Lithium disilicate-reinforced Amber Mill-Q glass ceramic blocks were bonded to 3 mol% yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (3Y-TZP) blocks by heat-bonding with a liner or cementation with a dual-cure self-adhesive resin cement for a microtensile bond strength test. CAD/CAM implant-supported glass ceramic crowns were produced using Amber Mill-Q blocks and bonded to a milled 3Y-TZP zirconia abutments by heat-bonding or cementation for a fracture test. A statistical analysis was conducted to investigate the significant differences between the experimental results. The mode of failure was analyzed using high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy. Chemical bonding was identified at the interface between the zirconia ceramic and liner. The mean tensile bond strength of the liner-bonded group was significantly higher than that of the cement-bonded group. The initial chipping strength of the liner-bonded group was significantly higher than that of the cement-bonded group, although no statistically significant difference was found for the fracture strength. The mode of failure was mixed with cohesive fracture through the liner, whereas the cement-bonded group demonstrated adhesive failure at the interface of bonding.

scholarly journals Influence of different load application devices on fracture resistance of restored premolars

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 484-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisele Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Natércia Rezende da Silva ◽  
Paulo Vinícius Soares ◽  
Ana Rosa Costa ◽  
Alfredo Júlio Fernandes-Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Failure Mode ◽  
Fracture Resistance ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Compressive Loading ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Load Application ◽  
Mechanical Fracture ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Maxillary Premolars

This in vitro study analyzed the effect of different load application devices on fracture resistance and failure mode of maxillary premolars restored with composite resin. Sixty human maxillary premolars received standardized mesio-occluso-distal cavity preparations and were restored with composite resin. The specimens were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=10). Compressive loading was applied using 6 different metallic devices: S2: 2-mm sphere; S6: 6-mm sphere; C2: 2-mm cylinder; C6: 6-mm cylinder; WS: wedge shape device; and MAT: individualized metallic antagonist tooth. Data were analyzed statistically using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). The failure mode was recorded based on the 4 sequential levels. Statistical analysis revealed that WS presented significantly higher fracture resistance than S6 and C6. No significant difference was found among MAT, C2, S2 and S6. Sphere and cylinder with 6 mm were similar, with the lowest values of all groups. MAT presented the least number of catastrophic failures while C2, S2 and WS presented the highest. The type of load application device influences significantly the behavior of the teeth-restoration complex during mechanical fracture resistance test.

scholarly journals MTA versus CEM root-end fillings effect on fracture resistance of endodontically treated simulated immature teeth restored with cast metal posts: an in-vitro study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ensieh Grayli ◽  
Abbas Dashtban ◽  
Leyla Shadan ◽  
Naser Behnampour ◽  
Elham Afshari
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Resistance ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cast Metal ◽  
Immature Teeth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background: Endodontically treated immature teeth which are restored with cast metal posts are of the most susceptible teeth to fracture. An apical plug is usually used as root end filling in order to seal the wide apical foramen. The current study was performed to evaluate the effect of different root-end filling materials (MTA and CEM) on fracture resistance of teeth restored with cast metal posts.Methods: A total of 40 extracted intact single-rooted human mandibular premolars (removed for orthodontic reasons) were used in the study. The coronal part of each tooth was removed and root canal preparation was performed. A size 4 Gates Glidden drill was used to enlarge the canal and was passed through the apical foramen in order to simulate an immature apex. Samples were randomly divided into 5 groups according to apical plug (Group 1: No plug, Group 2: 5 mm MTA plug, Group 3: 5 mm CEM plug, Group 4: 2 mm MTA plug, Group 5: 2 mm CEM plug). Post-space preparations were performed and cast metal post-and-cores were fabricated and cemented. Fracture resistance was assessed using a universal testing machine. Fracture thresholds were recorded and data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 with significance level at P value < 0.05. Results The analysis showed a significant difference of fracture resistance between groups (p-value<0.05). The mean fracture resistance of samples in group 1 was significantly lower than group 2 (p-value=0.003). there was no significant difference between other groups (p-value>0.05).Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, the evidence indicated that placement of a 5 mm MTA apical plug increased the fracture resistance in simulated immature teeth which are restored with cast metal posts, compared to control group (gutta-percha and sealer). While the results were not as promising for a 2 mm MTA apical plug or either 2 or 5 mm CEM apical plug.

The Influence of Force Direction on the Fracture Pattern and Fracture Resistance of Canine Teeth in Dogs

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Goldschmidt ◽  
Catherine Zimmerman ◽  
Caitlyn Collins ◽  
Scott Hetzel ◽  
Heidi-Lynn Ploeg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Resistance ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Fracture Pattern ◽  
Hard Tissue ◽  
Canine Tooth ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Force Direction ◽  
Testing Group

Biomechanical studies of the elongated canine tooth of animals are few, and thus our understanding of mechanical and physical properties of animal teeth is limited. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of force direction on fracture resistance and fracture pattern of canine teeth in an ex vivo dog cadaver model. Forty-five extracted canine teeth from laboratory beagle dogs were standardized by hard tissue volume and randomly distributed among 3 force direction groups. The teeth were secured within a universal testing machine and a load was applied at different directions based on testing group. The maximum force to fracture and the fracture pattern classification were recorded for each tooth. After correcting for hard tissue cross-sectional area in a multivariate analysis, no significant difference in the amount of force required for fracture was apparent between the different force direction groups. However, the influence of force direction on fracture pattern was significant. The results of this study may allow the clinician to educate clients on possible causal force directions in clinically fractured teeth and, thus, help prevent any contributing behavior in the future.

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