A Pilot Study on Electroencephalogram-based Evaluation of Visually Induced Motion Sickness

Abstract The most prominent problem in virtual reality (VR) technology is that users may experience motion-sickness-like symptoms when they immerse into a VR environment. These symptoms are recognized as visually induced motion sickness (VIMS) or virtual reality motion sickness. The objectives of this study were to investigate the association between the electroencephalogram (EEG) and subjectively rated VIMS level (VIMSL) and find EEG markers for VIMS evaluation. A VR-based vehicle-driving simulator was used to induce VIMS symptoms, and a wearable EEG device with four electrodes (the Muse) was used to collect EEG data. The results suggest that individual tolerance, susceptibility, and recoverability to VIMS varied largely among subjects; the following markers were shown to be significantly different from no-VIMS and VIMS states (P < 0.05): (1) means of gravity frequency (GF) for theta@FP1, alpha@TP9, alpha@FP2, alpha@TP10, and beta@FP1; (2) standard deviation of GF for alpha@TP9, alpha@FP1, alpha@FP2, alpha@TP10, and alpha@(FP2‐FP1); (3) standard deviation of power spectral entropy for FP1; (4) means of Kolmogorov complexity (KC) for TP9, FP1, and FP2. These results also demonstrate that it is feasible to perform VIMS evaluation using an EEG device with a few electrodes.

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The effect of water immersion on vection in virtual reality

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-80100-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Géraldine Fauville ◽

Anna C. M. Queiroz ◽

Erika S. Woolsey ◽

Jonathan W. Kelly ◽

Jeremy N. Bailenson

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Motion Sickness ◽

Water Immersion ◽

Sensory Information ◽

Future Research ◽

Visually Induced Motion Sickness ◽

Wide Range ◽

Induced Motion ◽

Ground Condition ◽

The Impact

AbstractResearch about vection (illusory self-motion) has investigated a wide range of sensory cues and employed various methods and equipment, including use of virtual reality (VR). However, there is currently no research in the field of vection on the impact of floating in water while experiencing VR. Aquatic immersion presents a new and interesting method to potentially enhance vection by reducing conflicting sensory information that is usually experienced when standing or sitting on a stable surface. This study compares vection, visually induced motion sickness, and presence among participants experiencing VR while standing on the ground or floating in water. Results show that vection was significantly enhanced for the participants in the Water condition, whose judgments of self-displacement were larger than those of participants in the Ground condition. No differences in visually induced motion sickness or presence were found between conditions. We discuss the implication of this new type of VR experience for the fields of VR and vection while also discussing future research questions that emerge from our findings.

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Effects of Visually Induced Motion Sickness on Emergency Braking Reaction Times in a Driving Simulator

Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ◽

10.1177/0018720819829316 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 61 (6) ◽

pp. 1004-1018

Author(s):

René Reinhard ◽

Ender Tutulmaz ◽

Hans M. Rutrecht ◽

Patricia Hengstenberg ◽

Britta Geissler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Motion Sickness ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Driving Simulator ◽

Reaction Times ◽

Visually Induced Motion Sickness ◽

The Road ◽

Emergency Braking ◽

Fixed Base ◽

Induced Motion ◽

Relationship Of

Objective: The study explores associations of visually induced motion sickness (VIMS) with emergency braking reaction times (RTs) in driving simulator studies. It examines the effects over the progression of multiple simulated drives. Background: Driving simulator usage has many advantages for RT studies; however, if it induces VIMS, the observed driving behavior might deviate from real-world driving, potentially masking or skewing results. Possible effects of VIMS on RT have long been entertained, but the progression of VIMS across simulated drives has so far not been sufficiently considered. Method: Twenty-eight adults completed six drives on 2 days in a fixed-base driving simulator. At five points during each drive, pedestrians entered the road, necessitating emergency braking maneuvers. VIMS severity was assessed every minute using the 20-point Fast Motion Sickness Scale. The progression of VIMS was considered in mixed model analyses. Results: RT predictions were improved by considering VIMS development over time. Here, the relationship of VIMS and RT differed across days and drives. Increases in VIMS symptom severity predicted more prolonged RT after repeated drives on a given day and earlier within each drive. Conclusion: The assessment of VIMS in RT studies can be beneficial. In this context, VIMS measurements in close temporal proximity to the behaviors under study are promising and offer insights into VIMS and its consequences, which are not readily obtainable through questionnaires. Application: Driving simulator–based RT studies should consider cumulative effects of VIMS on performance. Measurement and analysis strategies that consider the time-varying nature of VIMS are recommended.

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Features of the Postural Sway Signal as Indicators to Estimate and Predict Visually Induced Motion Sickness in Virtual Reality

International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction ◽

10.1080/10447318.2017.1286767 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 33 (10) ◽

pp. 771-785 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Jean-Rémy Chardonnet ◽

Mohammad Ali Mirzaei ◽

Frédéric Mérienne

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Motion Sickness ◽

Postural Sway ◽

Visually Induced Motion Sickness ◽

Induced Motion

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The best way to assess visually induced motion sickness in a fixed-base driving simulator

Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour ◽

10.1016/j.trf.2017.05.005 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 48 ◽

pp. 74-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

René Reinhard ◽

Hans M. Rutrecht ◽

Patricia Hengstenberg ◽

Ender Tutulmaz ◽

Britta Geissler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Motion Sickness ◽

Driving Simulator ◽

Visually Induced Motion Sickness ◽

Fixed Base ◽

Induced Motion

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Use of Smartphone-Based Head-Mounted Display Devices to View a Three-Dimensional Dissection Model in a Virtual Reality Environment: Pilot Questionnaire Study (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.11921 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Yoshihito Masuoka ◽

Hiroyuki Morikawa ◽

Takashi Kawai ◽

Toshio Nakagohri

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Motion Sickness ◽

3D Model ◽

Low Cost ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Visually Induced Motion Sickness ◽

Head Mounted Display ◽

Eye Fatigue ◽

Induced Motion ◽

Observation Environment

BACKGROUND Virtual reality (VR) technology has started to gain attention as a form of surgical support in medical settings. Likewise, the widespread use of smartphones has resulted in the development of various medical applications; for example, Google Cardboard, which can be used to build simple head-mounted displays (HMDs). However, because of the absence of observed and reported outcomes of the use of three-dimensional (3D) organ models in relevant environments, we have yet to determine the effects of or issues with the use of such VR technology. OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper was to study the issues that arise while observing a 3D model of an organ that is created based on an actual surgical case through the use of a smartphone-based simple HMD. Upon completion, we evaluated and gathered feedback on the performance and usability of the simple observation environment we had created. METHODS We downloaded our data to a smartphone (Galaxy S6; Samsung, Seoul, Korea) and created a simple HMD system using Google Cardboard (Google). A total of 17 medical students performed 2 experiments: an observation conducted by a single observer and another one carried out by multiple observers using a simple HMD. Afterward, they assessed the results by responding to a questionnaire survey. RESULTS We received a largely favorable response in the evaluation of the dissection model, but also a low score because of visually induced motion sickness and eye fatigue. In an introspective report on simultaneous observations made by multiple observers, positive opinions indicated clear image quality and shared understanding, but displeasure caused by visually induced motion sickness, eye fatigue, and hardware problems was also expressed. CONCLUSIONS We established a simple system that enables multiple persons to observe a 3D model. Although the observation conducted by multiple observers was successful, problems likely arose because of poor smartphone performance. Therefore, smartphone performance improvement may be a key factor in establishing a low-cost and user-friendly 3D observation environment.

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