scholarly journals State Analysis of Ca in Steel by Electrochemical Separation Technique

1982 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshio YOSHIDA ◽  
Yoshiko FUNAHASHI ◽  
Yoshikazu KAMINO
Keyword(s):  
Separation Technique ◽  
Electrochemical Separation ◽  
State Analysis

Valence state analysis of elements by EPMA and its application

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-231
Author(s):  
Chen Liqing ◽  
Liu Zuqin ◽  
Zhang Wei
Keyword(s):  
Valence State ◽  
Line Intensities ◽  
Valence States ◽  
Valence Electrons ◽  
Fe And Mn ◽  
Intensity Ratios ◽  
State Analysis

Valence state analyses of Fe and Mn in oxides by EPMA have been reported in literature. In this paper, the effects of valence state on intensity ratios ILα/IKα and ILα/ILβ of Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Cr and their oxides, and on intensity ratios ILβ2/ILα1 and ILγ1/ILα1 of Mo, Nb, Zr and their oxides were studied. It was observed that intensity ratios change with valence states in accordance with some regularities, and these effects could be utilized for analyzing the valence states of catalysts.Valence state analysis of elements by EPMA is based on the fact that changes in the states of valence electrons in the outer shells of an atom cause corresponding changes in line intensities. The M electrons of Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Cr and the N electrons of Mo, Nb, Zr are valence electrons. Line Kα1,2 and six lines of L are produced from the transitions of K-L2,3 and L-M or L-N respectively.

Stress state analysis of two-way tunnel lining at different stages of soil defrostation

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 160-171
Author(s):  
M.S. Pleshko ◽  
◽  
M.V. Pleshko ◽  
I.V. Voynov ◽  
A.V. Kostyukhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress State ◽  
Tunnel Lining ◽  
State Analysis
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