SYSTEM OF PARTICIPLES IN THE OSSETIAN LANGUAGE COMPARED TO THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
З.И. Годизова ◽  
Д.В. Габисова
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Language Family ◽  
European Language ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Imperfective Aspect ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Conversion Transition

Актуальность предпринятого исследования обусловлена тем, что причастие в современном осетинском языке не привлекало активного внимания ученых, имеются лишь общие описания причастий, а специальные исследования, посвященные причастиям, практически отсутствуют. Представляется интересным и актуальным сравнение системы причастий и их грамматических особенностей в осетинском и русском языках. Этот интерес обусловлен принадлежностью сопоставляемых языков к общей индоевропейской семье языков, а также тесным их взаимодействием в условиях двуязычия, что, очевидно, может отразиться и на системе причастий. Научная новизна данной статьи заключается в том, что в ней исследуются грамматические особенности всех разрядов причастий в осетинском языке в сопоставлении с русским языком. На основании проведенного анализа установлено, что в современном осетинском языке система причастий включает пять разрядов, разнообразных в своих грамматических проявлениях, в степени регулярности, в склонности переходить в состав других частей речи. Выявлены наиболее значительные отличия осетинских причастий от русских: существование причастий будущего времени в системе осетинского языка, отсутствие у причастий показателей времени и залога, а также именных грамматических категорий (падежа, числа, рода). Установлено также, что в осетинском языке категория вида в большей степени управляет категорией времени, в силу чего несовершенный вид причастий предполагает только настоящее время, а совершенный только прошедшее отсутствует четкая залоговая оппозиция причастий в осетинском языке. Определено также, что осетинские причастия не имеют членных (полных) форм, но функционируют в роли и сказуемого, и определения, хотя в большей степени тяготеют к предикативной роли. В осетинском языке причастия гораздо менее употребительны сравнительно с причастиями в русском языке и чаще вступают в отношения грамматической омонимии с другими частями речи. The relevance of the undertaken study is determined by the fact that participles in the modern Ossetian language are still insufficiently studied. There are only the most general descriptions of grammar features of participles. The comparison of the system of participles and their grammar features seems interesting and actual, especially considering the fact that the Ossetian and Russian languages belong to different groups of the Indo-European language family. Furthermore, in the context of bilingualism the Russian and Ossetian languages interact actively and that can affect the system of participles. The scientific novelty of the article is determined by the fact that it examines the grammatical features of all categories of participles in the Ossetian language in comparison with the Russian language. The conducted research allowed to elicit five categories in the system of participles in the modern Ossetian language. The analysis of the results showed the participles are diverse in their grammatical characteristics, in the degree of regularity, and in the tendency to transition into other parts of speech. The research defined the most significant differences between Ossetian and Russian participles: existence of future participles in the system of the Ossetian language absence of adjectival grammar categories of gender, number and case as well as formal markers of tense and voice in Ossetian participles. The tense category in Ossetian subordinates to the aspect category to a far greater extent therefore the imperfective aspect of participles accepts the present tense forms only, while perfective acts in the past tense forms Ossetian participles lack explicit voice opposition. Ossetian participles do not have full forms, but they can have syntactic functions of both the predicate and the attribute in a sentence, although the predicative function is more typical for them. Participles in the Ossetian language are much less common compared to participles in Russian and are more disposed to conversion (transition to the category of nouns, verbal adverbs, adjectives, words of the state category).

scholarly journals Categories of the name and the verb in Anfangs-Gründe der Russischen Sprache (1731)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 528-545
Author(s):  
Sergei V. Vlasov ◽  
◽  
Leonid V. Moskovkin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Russian Verb ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
The Russian Language

The relevance of this study is due to the importance of Vasiliy Adodurov’s Anfangs-Gründe der Russischen Sprache as the first academic grammar of the Russian language written by a Russian scholar and published in Russia. The aim of the article is to show the innovations of Adodurov’s grammatical views and the relation of his grammar with Western European and Slavic grammatical traditions in the conceptual presentation of the name and the verb. The material of the research is the Russian grammar of Adodurov in comparison with the grammars by H.W.Ludolph, I.W.Paus, the Slavonic grammar by M. Smotritsky, the Latin grammars by I.Rhenius, E.Kopijewitz, I.Lange, “Grammatica Marchica”, and the German grammar by M. Schwanwitz. The descriptive and comparative research methods are used. A particularity of the research approach is the comparison of Anfangs-Gründe not only with the Russian, Slavonic and German grammars, but also with the Latin grammars. The results of the study show the innovations of Adodurov in the interpretation of the gender of names, voices of the Russian verb, and the forms of the future and the past tense. He simplifies the noun and verb description scheme taking into account specific features of the Russian language and methodological considerations. The article also proposes a new version of the collaboration between Adodurov and the anonymous German-speaking author of the comments in the margins of the manuscript Compendium Grammaticae Russicae, explaining Adodurov’s use of these comments in Anfangs-Gründe.

scholarly journals Pluperfect Auxiliaries in the Russian Language of the 14th – 16th Centuries

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-57
Author(s):  
Anton Zimmerling
Keyword(s):  
Initial Position ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
The Past ◽  
Contact Order ◽  
Internal Position ◽  
Th 16 ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Reversed Order

This paper discusses the syntax of the past tense auxiliaries in the vernacular Old Russian plusperfect construction of the type дал был, дал есми был. I prove that the past tense auxiliaries behaved as enclitics both with the order дал есми был and with the order дал был есми. The order of the pluperfect auxiliaries reflects different types of a clitic template characteristic of late Old Russian dialects. In the 15 th century, the order <дал> есми был was characteristic for the official style of the Moscow charters, while Polotsk charters from the same period generalized the reversed order <дал> был есми. In the 16 th century, the order <дал> был есми has established in the Moscow official tradition as well. The pluperfect auxiliaries were excluded from the clause-initial position and other non-enclitic positions, sentences of the type *#был есмь дал ~ #был дал есмь are not attested. In the clause-internal position, both groups of the Old Russian dialects grammaticalized the fixed contact order of the auxiliaries #...был есми... дал ~ #дал был есми irrespective of the position of the verb. This distribution proves that the pluperfect auxiliaries in the Old Russian texts from the 14 th –16 th centuries have the features typical of the clustering enclitics in the world's languages with Wackernagel's law.

scholarly journals THE PROBLEM OF DECLENSION FOREIGN ORIGINED WORDS AND ABBREVIATIONS IN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (76) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Grammar Rule ◽  
Intercultural Interaction ◽  
The Past ◽  
Foreign Origin ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Life Politics

The reflection of intercultural interaction on languages is inevitable. Especially thanks to the advancing technology, many foreign words and terms have entered the lives of societies. As a result, the question has arisen whether these words can be adapted to the grammatical rules of the language in which they are included. There have been different approaches to this issue. In the Russian language, there have been foreign words related to social life, politics and technology in different periods from the past to the present, as well as abbreviations with the problem of declension. The issue of whether these words and abbreviations should be included in the Russian declension system was always an important question. As well as those who argued that the Russian language is a suitable language to include foreign words in the declension system, there were also those who stated the opposite. In order for the adjectives that characterize these words and verbs in the past tense to get the correct gender affix, it is also important to determine their gender to the Russian grammar rule. In this study are given the approaches to the problem of declension of foreign origined words and abbreviations in Russian language. In light of these approaches, non-declining nouns and abbreviations will be listed by considering the genders in which they are included. Keywords: Russian language, declension, foreign origin, abbreviation

scholarly journals PARTICIPLES AS ELEMENTS OF DEPENDENT TAXIS IN THE OSSETIAN LANGUAGE IN COMPARISON WITH RUSSIAN

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
З.И. Годизова ◽  
Д.В. Габисова
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Language Family ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
European Language ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Active Interaction

Если в русском языке причастия исследованы довольно глубоко, то в осетинском языке система причастий, их грамматические признаки, специфика проявления в них глагольных грамматических категорий изучены недостаточно; отсутствуют специальные работы, посвященные причастиям. Определение отличительных особенностей осетинских причастий по сравнению с причастиями в русском языке является актуальным: представляется интересным сравнить особенности морфологической системы русского и осетинского языков, принадлежащих к единой индоевропейской семье языков и различающихся по степени преобладания элементов аналитизма в средствах выражения грамматических значений. Актуальность подобного сравнения обусловлена еще и тем, что в настоящее время происходит активное взаимодействие русского и осетинского языков в двуязычной среде, что не может не отражаться и на системе причастий. Научная новизна данной статьи заключается в том, что в ней специально исследуются причастия в осетинском языке как выразители значений зависимого таксиса по сравнению с русским языком; представлено все многообразие аспектуально-таксисных ситуаций в конструкциях с причастиями. Эти ситуации выделены с учетом как видового, так и лексического значения причастий, а также элементов аспектуального контекста. На основании проведенного анализа определено место осетинских причастий в функционально-семантическом поле зависимого таксиса, оно более периферийное по сравнению с причастиями в русском языке. Такой вывод можно сделать на основании гораздо меньшей регулярности осетинских причастий, меньшей их специализированности на выражении атрибутивной функции. Кроме того, значительный пласт осетинских причастий (причастия будущего времени, выражающие модальное значение целесообразности) лишен семантики реальности, поэтому определение таксисных значений для этих причастий вообще не представляется возможным. Проведенный анализ позволил также установить характерные особенности конструкций зависимого таксиса с причастиями в осетинском языке: 1) хронологические отношения между основным и второстепенным предикатами очень редко сопрягаются с отношениями обусловленности (причинно-следственными отношениями), между тем в русском языке это явление достаточно частое; 2) диапазон выражаемых причастиями таксисных значений в осетинском языке гораздо ýже, чем в русском языке.  The system of participles in the Ossetian language has not been yet comprehensively investigated. There are no special works where the categories of participles, their grammatical characteristics, their grammatical categories of aspect, tense or mood have been subjected to thorough analysis. The identification of all distinctive features of Ossetian participles in comparison with the system of the ones in the Russian language is relevant for the given article. This is due to the fact that, firstly, the Russian and the Ossetian languages belong to different groups within a single Indo-European language family and differ in the degree of predominance of elements of analyticism in the expression of grammatical meanings; secondly, in the conditions of Ossetian-Russian bilingualism there is active interaction of the Russian and Ossetian languages, which is obviously reflected in the system of participles. The scientific novelty of the research is based on the description of all the variety of aspect-taxic situations in the constructions of dependent taxis with participles in the Ossetian language in comparison with Russian. The aspect and lexical meaning of the participial forms are taken into account, and the place of Ossetian participles in the functional semantic field of taxis is identified. The analysis revealed that the participle, being the exponent of the meanings of the dependent taxis, belongs to the more distant periphery of the functional-semantic field of the dependent taxis in Ossetian as compared to the participle in Russian. This is due to the fact that they are much less regular, less specialized in the expression of the attributive function. The expression of taxis meanings for future participles expressing the modality of expediency seems not to be significant at all. The characteristic features of the constructions of dependent taxis with participles in Ossetian are determined: chronological relations between the participial action and the action of the main predicate are rarely complicated by the relations of causation, i.e. by cause-effect relationships, meanwhile, this phenomenon is quite frequent in Russian; the spectrum of taxis meanings expressed by participles is narrower in Ossetian than in Russian.

A BRIEF ANALYSIS OF TIME-PREPOSITIONS IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (28) ◽  
pp. 187-195
Author(s):  
Yabing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Organic Structure ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
True Meaning ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
The Russian Language

This article is devoted to the problem of using Russian time-prepositions by foreigners, especially by the Chinese. An analysis of modern literature allows the author to identify the main areas of the work aimed at foreign students’ development of the skills and abilities to correctly build the prepositional combinations and continuously improve the communication skills by means of the Russian language. In this paper, the time-prepositions in the Russian language have been analyzed in detail; some examples of polysemantic use of prepositions, their semantic and stylistic shades alongside with possible errors made by foreign students are presented. The results of the study are to help in developing a system of teaching Russian time-prepositions to a foreign language audience, taking into account their native language, on the basis of the systemic and functional, communicative and activity-centred basis. The role of Russian time-prepositions in constructing word combinations has been identified; the need for foreign students’ close attention to this secondary part of speech has been specified. It has been stated that prepositions are the most dynamic and open type of secondary language units within the quantitative and qualitative composition of which regular changes take place. The research substantiates the need that students should be aware of the function of time-preposition in speech; they are to get acquainted with the main time-prepositions and their meanings, to distinguish prepositions and other homonymous parts of speech as well as to learn stylistic shades of time-prepositions. Some recommendations related to the means of mastering time-prepositions have been given: to target speakers to assimilate modern literary norms and, therefore, to teach them how to choose and use them correctly by means of linguistic keys that are intended to fill the word with true meaning, to give it an organic structure, an inherent form and an easy combinability in the texts and oral speech.

Working on Grammatical Errors in Russian Senior School Lessons

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
E. S. Bogdanova
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Final Exam ◽  
Senior Secondary School ◽  
Grammatical Errors ◽  
Senior Secondary ◽  
The Russian Language

The article establishes the need for special work to improve the grammatical structure of the speech of senior schoolchildren and the correction of grammatical errors in their assignments. Based on the analysis of the results of the State Final Exam of graduates, the errors identified in their essays and the works of leading methodologists, the author develops approaches to working on morphological and syntactic norms in the Russian language lessons in senior secondary school.

scholarly journals XENONYM-INTERPRETATIVE МАФАНЬ IN NETWORK DISCOURSE OF THE RUSSIAN-SPEAKING DIASPORA OF CHINA

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Ольга Вячеславовна Орлова ◽  
Юаньин Ван
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Communication Analysis ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Transcription System ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Russian Language

Введение. Изучены ксенонимы-интерпретативы в сетевом дискурсе русскоязычной диаспоры Китая как репрезентанте русской лингвокультуры, ориентированной в область китайской культуры. Ксенонимы-интерпретативы имеют полноценные лексические соответствия в языке-реципиенте, не отмечены этнокультурной маркированностью в матричном языке и служат восприятию, пониманию и интерпретации иностранной языковой и социокультурной реальности диаспоральным сообществом. Цель. На основе рассмотрения одного из наиболее распространенных в изучаемом дискурсе китаизмов – ксенонима мафань – проследить механизмы лингводискурсивной адаптации, а также особенности функционирования ксенонима-интерпретатива в публичной интернет-коммуникации русскоязычного сообщества Китая. Материал и методы. Материалом исследования послужили более 500 текстов сетевой коммуникации русскоязычной диаспоры Китая, включающие ксеноним-интерпретатив мафань. Вместе с методологическим инструментарием интерлингвокультурологии, теории заимствования и лексической семантики используются приемы контекстологического и дискурс-анализа, а также корпусной и квантитативной лингвистики. Результаты и обсуждение. Ксеноним-интерпретатив мафань при вхождении в сетевой диаспоральный дискурс и адаптации в нем, в том числе графической, претерпевает значительные семантические, деривационные, стилистические, морфолого-синтаксические трансформации, демонстрируя на всех этих уровнях крайне высокую степень подвижности и вариативности. Анализ вариантов письменной фиксации показал доминирование написания китаизма в соответствии с нормативной транскрипционной системой записи кириллицей китайских имен, наряду со значимым количеством некодифицированных и иероглифических написаний. При приспособлении ксенонима к специфике морфолого-синтаксического строя русского языка также наблюдаются его значительная грамматическая вариативность и факты включения в процесс окказионального словообразования. В ходе анализа данных словарей, а также корпусных и иных данных об употреблении лексемы в аутентичной речевой среде выявлено большое количество различных по честеречной принадлежности и семантике эквивалентов лексемы при ее переводе, а также наличие книжной и этикетной стилистической окраски в китайском языке, не сохраняющейся при вхождении в русскоязычное неформальное общение. Анализ фактов метаязыковой рефлексии по поводу ксенонима, а также совокупности контекстов его употребления в гипертексте диаспорального дискурса обнаружил наличие в русском языке семантической и стилистической лакуны, которую восполняет ксеноним мафань как универсальное понятие, обозначающее неприятную, доставляющую дискомфорт деятельность или ситуацию. Заключение. В результате проведенного анализа составлен нуждающийся в дальнейшей доработке проспект методики комплексного анализа ксенонима-интерпретатива в сетевом диаспоральном дискурсе. Introduction. This research is devoted to the study of xenonyms-interpretatives in the network discourse of the Russian-speaking diaspora of China as a representative of the Russian linguistic culture, which is focused in the area of Chinese culture. Xenonyms-interpretatives have full-fledged lexical correspondences in the recipient language, are not marked by ethno-cultural marking in the matrix language and serve the perception, understanding and interpretation of foreign language and socio-cultural reality by the diaspora community. Aim and objectives. The purpose of the study, based on the consideration of one of the most common in the analyzed discourse xenonym мафань, is to trace the mechanisms of linguistic and discursive adaptation, as well as the peculiarities of functioning of xenonym-interpretative in public Internet communication of the Russian-speaking community in China. Material and methods. The material of the research is more than 500 texts of network communication of the Russian-speaking diaspora community of China, including xenonym-interpretative мафань. Together with the methodological tools of interlinguoculturology, borrowing theory and lexical semantics, the methods of contextual and discourse analysis, corpus and quantitative linguistics are used. Results and discussion. Xenonym-interpretative мафань when entering and adapting in the network diaspora discourse, including graphic adaptation, undergoes large semantic, derivative, stylistic, morphological-syntactic transformations, demonstrating at all these levels an extremely high degree of mobility and variability. The analysis of written fixation variants showed a substantial dominance of spelling according to the normative transcription system of Chinese names written in Cyrillic alphabet, along with a significant number of and hieroglyphic writings. When the xenonym is adapted to the specifics of the morphological and syntactic structure of the Russian language, its significant grammatical variability and facts of inclusion in the process of occasional word formation are also observed. The analysis of dictionaries data, as well as corpus and other data about the use of the word in the authentic speech environment revealed a large number of different in semantics and parts of speech affiliation equivalents of translation, but also the presence of book and etiquette stylistic coloring in the Chinese language, not preserved in the Russian-speaking informal communication. Analysis of the facts of metalanguage reflection on the xenonym, as well as the totality of contexts of its use in the hypertext of diaspora discourse revealed the presence of a semantic and stylistic lacuna in the Russian language, which is filled by the xenonym мафань as a universal concept that denotes unpleasant, discomforting activity or situation. Conclusion. As a result of the research, a project of the methodology of complex analysis of the xenonyminterpretative in the network diaspora discourse has been compiled.

DEFINITION OF GRAMMATICAL STATUS PARTICIPATIONS IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya Vasilievna Artamonova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Hybrid Features ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Special Place ◽  
The Status ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Problematic Aspect

Communion as part of speech occupies a special place in the structure of the Russian language, since it represents a problematic aspect of grammar. Already when determining the grammatical status of participle, the first difficulties appear, which is associated with hybrid features of participle, since it combines the features of two independent parts of speech - the adjective and the verb. The works of linguists describe different approaches to determining the status of communion. At present, it is possible to state the existence in Russian grammar of several points of view on the definition of the nature of communion.

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