scholarly journals Categories of the name and the verb in Anfangs-Gründe der Russischen Sprache (1731)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 528-545
Author(s):  
Sergei V. Vlasov ◽  
◽  
Leonid V. Moskovkin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Russian Verb ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
The Russian Language

The relevance of this study is due to the importance of Vasiliy Adodurov’s Anfangs-Gründe der Russischen Sprache as the first academic grammar of the Russian language written by a Russian scholar and published in Russia. The aim of the article is to show the innovations of Adodurov’s grammatical views and the relation of his grammar with Western European and Slavic grammatical traditions in the conceptual presentation of the name and the verb. The material of the research is the Russian grammar of Adodurov in comparison with the grammars by H.W.Ludolph, I.W.Paus, the Slavonic grammar by M. Smotritsky, the Latin grammars by I.Rhenius, E.Kopijewitz, I.Lange, “Grammatica Marchica”, and the German grammar by M. Schwanwitz. The descriptive and comparative research methods are used. A particularity of the research approach is the comparison of Anfangs-Gründe not only with the Russian, Slavonic and German grammars, but also with the Latin grammars. The results of the study show the innovations of Adodurov in the interpretation of the gender of names, voices of the Russian verb, and the forms of the future and the past tense. He simplifies the noun and verb description scheme taking into account specific features of the Russian language and methodological considerations. The article also proposes a new version of the collaboration between Adodurov and the anonymous German-speaking author of the comments in the margins of the manuscript Compendium Grammaticae Russicae, explaining Adodurov’s use of these comments in Anfangs-Gründe.

SYSTEM OF PARTICIPLES IN THE OSSETIAN LANGUAGE COMPARED TO THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
З.И. Годизова ◽  
Д.В. Габисова
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Language Family ◽  
European Language ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Imperfective Aspect ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Conversion Transition

Актуальность предпринятого исследования обусловлена тем, что причастие в современном осетинском языке не привлекало активного внимания ученых, имеются лишь общие описания причастий, а специальные исследования, посвященные причастиям, практически отсутствуют. Представляется интересным и актуальным сравнение системы причастий и их грамматических особенностей в осетинском и русском языках. Этот интерес обусловлен принадлежностью сопоставляемых языков к общей индоевропейской семье языков, а также тесным их взаимодействием в условиях двуязычия, что, очевидно, может отразиться и на системе причастий. Научная новизна данной статьи заключается в том, что в ней исследуются грамматические особенности всех разрядов причастий в осетинском языке в сопоставлении с русским языком. На основании проведенного анализа установлено, что в современном осетинском языке система причастий включает пять разрядов, разнообразных в своих грамматических проявлениях, в степени регулярности, в склонности переходить в состав других частей речи. Выявлены наиболее значительные отличия осетинских причастий от русских: существование причастий будущего времени в системе осетинского языка, отсутствие у причастий показателей времени и залога, а также именных грамматических категорий (падежа, числа, рода). Установлено также, что в осетинском языке категория вида в большей степени управляет категорией времени, в силу чего несовершенный вид причастий предполагает только настоящее время, а совершенный только прошедшее отсутствует четкая залоговая оппозиция причастий в осетинском языке. Определено также, что осетинские причастия не имеют членных (полных) форм, но функционируют в роли и сказуемого, и определения, хотя в большей степени тяготеют к предикативной роли. В осетинском языке причастия гораздо менее употребительны сравнительно с причастиями в русском языке и чаще вступают в отношения грамматической омонимии с другими частями речи. The relevance of the undertaken study is determined by the fact that participles in the modern Ossetian language are still insufficiently studied. There are only the most general descriptions of grammar features of participles. The comparison of the system of participles and their grammar features seems interesting and actual, especially considering the fact that the Ossetian and Russian languages belong to different groups of the Indo-European language family. Furthermore, in the context of bilingualism the Russian and Ossetian languages interact actively and that can affect the system of participles. The scientific novelty of the article is determined by the fact that it examines the grammatical features of all categories of participles in the Ossetian language in comparison with the Russian language. The conducted research allowed to elicit five categories in the system of participles in the modern Ossetian language. The analysis of the results showed the participles are diverse in their grammatical characteristics, in the degree of regularity, and in the tendency to transition into other parts of speech. The research defined the most significant differences between Ossetian and Russian participles: existence of future participles in the system of the Ossetian language absence of adjectival grammar categories of gender, number and case as well as formal markers of tense and voice in Ossetian participles. The tense category in Ossetian subordinates to the aspect category to a far greater extent therefore the imperfective aspect of participles accepts the present tense forms only, while perfective acts in the past tense forms Ossetian participles lack explicit voice opposition. Ossetian participles do not have full forms, but they can have syntactic functions of both the predicate and the attribute in a sentence, although the predicative function is more typical for them. Participles in the Ossetian language are much less common compared to participles in Russian and are more disposed to conversion (transition to the category of nouns, verbal adverbs, adjectives, words of the state category).

scholarly journals Pluperfect Auxiliaries in the Russian Language of the 14th – 16th Centuries

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-57
Author(s):  
Anton Zimmerling
Keyword(s):  
Initial Position ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
The Past ◽  
Contact Order ◽  
Internal Position ◽  
Th 16 ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Reversed Order

This paper discusses the syntax of the past tense auxiliaries in the vernacular Old Russian plusperfect construction of the type дал был, дал есми был. I prove that the past tense auxiliaries behaved as enclitics both with the order дал есми был and with the order дал был есми. The order of the pluperfect auxiliaries reflects different types of a clitic template characteristic of late Old Russian dialects. In the 15 th century, the order <дал> есми был was characteristic for the official style of the Moscow charters, while Polotsk charters from the same period generalized the reversed order <дал> был есми. In the 16 th century, the order <дал> был есми has established in the Moscow official tradition as well. The pluperfect auxiliaries were excluded from the clause-initial position and other non-enclitic positions, sentences of the type *#был есмь дал ~ #был дал есмь are not attested. In the clause-internal position, both groups of the Old Russian dialects grammaticalized the fixed contact order of the auxiliaries #...был есми... дал ~ #дал был есми irrespective of the position of the verb. This distribution proves that the pluperfect auxiliaries in the Old Russian texts from the 14 th –16 th centuries have the features typical of the clustering enclitics in the world's languages with Wackernagel's law.

scholarly journals THE PROBLEM OF DECLENSION FOREIGN ORIGINED WORDS AND ABBREVIATIONS IN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (76) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Grammar Rule ◽  
Intercultural Interaction ◽  
The Past ◽  
Foreign Origin ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Life Politics

The reflection of intercultural interaction on languages is inevitable. Especially thanks to the advancing technology, many foreign words and terms have entered the lives of societies. As a result, the question has arisen whether these words can be adapted to the grammatical rules of the language in which they are included. There have been different approaches to this issue. In the Russian language, there have been foreign words related to social life, politics and technology in different periods from the past to the present, as well as abbreviations with the problem of declension. The issue of whether these words and abbreviations should be included in the Russian declension system was always an important question. As well as those who argued that the Russian language is a suitable language to include foreign words in the declension system, there were also those who stated the opposite. In order for the adjectives that characterize these words and verbs in the past tense to get the correct gender affix, it is also important to determine their gender to the Russian grammar rule. In this study are given the approaches to the problem of declension of foreign origined words and abbreviations in Russian language. In light of these approaches, non-declining nouns and abbreviations will be listed by considering the genders in which they are included. Keywords: Russian language, declension, foreign origin, abbreviation

Neography and Word of the Year

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
T. N. Butseva ◽  
Yu. S. Ridetskaya
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Linguistic Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Russian Language

The article deals with the relationship between the terms «word of the year» and «neologism of the year», and the examples are the words, annually nominating as «word of the year», and neologisms of the last few years. The main research methods are statistical, comparative, and lexicographic description. Usually nomination «Word of the year» presents words, long-existing in the Russian language, borrowings, as well as author’s occasionalisms. The cultural and social aspects prevail in this campaign, while linguistic aspects are not involved. It seems that the verbal image of the year is a more complex and mosaic phenomenon. It can be reconstructed with the help of representative linguistic data scrupulously collected by lexicographers.

About the "supertask" ("sverhzadacha") of K. S. Stanislavsky... (about the history of the word supertask (sverhzadacha) in the Russian language)

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
I. I. Krivonosov
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Method Acting ◽  
The Past ◽  
Initial Term ◽  
History Of ◽  
Structural Methods ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Terminology System ◽  
National Corpus

The article is devoted to the history of the appearance and functioning of the word supertask (sverhzadacha) in the Russian language. Two lines of the lexeme functioning were distinguished: the first is associated with the etymology of the word, the second – with its use by K. S. Stanislavsky in the terminology system and the further entry of the unit into general use on the basis of determinologization. It is interesting that the second meaning has acquired the most widespread use. Only in the past two decades, the word has begun to lose its connection with the process of artistic creation. The purpose of the study was to briefly review the history of the word: from its first fixation in the Russian language and application by K. S. Stanislavsky (to designate one of the key concepts of Method Acting) up to modern contexts of use. The entry of the lexeme into the language was investigated using structural methods. The methods of contextual and distributive analysis were used to analyse both the contexts in which Stanislavsky used this word and the process of its fixation in the National Corpus of the Russian language. Statistical analysis was used to trace the dynamics of integration of the lexeme into the Russian language and its fixation in various spheres. The methods of component and comparative analysis were used to describe the formation mechanism of the initial term in the historical context. Borrowings of the term supertask (sverhzadacha) were found in other languages, indicating the spread of Stanislavsky’s system. The conclusion is drawn that the word supertask (sverhzadacha) functions in the Russian language mainly as a term from Stanislavsky’s system, gradually becoming determinologized and returning to the meaning conveying the logical sum of its constituent components.

scholarly journals Annotated bibliography of the Russian literature on glaciology for 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-288
Author(s):  
V. M. Kotlyakov ◽  
L. P. Chernova
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Annotated Bibliography ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Lake Ice ◽  
Ice Caps ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Language Literature

The proposed annual bibliography continues annotated lists of the Russian-language literature on glaciology that were regularly published in the past. It includes 277 references grouped into the atmospheric ice; 4) snow cover; 5) avalanches and glacial mudflows; 6) sea ice; 7) river and lake ice; 8) icings and ground ice; 9) the glaciers and ice caps; 10) palaeoglaciology. In addition to the works of the current year, some works of earlier years are added, that, for various reasons, were not included in previous bibliographies.  

scholarly journals Common problems of teaching russian verbs to persian language students using russian-persian bilingual dictionaries as a teaching tool

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
M. R. Mohammadi ◽  
M. Ahmadi ◽  
H. Baharloo ◽  
S. S. Ghalebandi
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Bilingual Dictionaries ◽  
Persian Language ◽  
Russian Verb ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Iranian Students ◽  
The Russian Language

This article studies the Russian verb and its grammatical and semantic information in three dictionaries by Klevtsova S. D., Voskanyan G.A., Ovchinnikova I.K., which are the most relevant diction-aries at present and most often used while learning the Russian language in Iranian universities. In this work the problems with which Iranian students are faced while searching verb forms in these dictionaries are considered. By comparing these dictionaries in terms of the content and information contained in each entry, the author lists the differences between these dictionaries and points out the lack of some information necessary for Iranian students to learn. It seems that updating the content of the mentioned diction-aries will not only help to optimize the Russian language learning process by Iranian students at different educational levels, but also to solve translation problems.

scholarly journals Features of teaching Russian as a foreign language to bilingual students (using the example of the Russian verb aspect study)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-324
Author(s):  
Elena Leonidovna Perkova ◽  
Lubov Pavlovna Shirobokova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Bilingual Students ◽  
Grammatical Category ◽  
Verb Aspect ◽  
Russian Verb ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Basic Level ◽  
The Russian Language

The paper discusses the features of learning Russian by foreign students who speak English at a basic level. A difficult aspect for foreign students is grammar, which is accompanied by an innumerable set of rules and the same number of exceptions. One of the most difficult grammatical topics is Imperfect and Perfect Verbs, since in other languages the grammatical category of the verb aspect does not exist. In this regard, there are difficulties for foreign bilingual students in determining the meaning, methods of education, use and application of imperfect and perfect verbs in speech situations. The explanation of the material is based on the principles of consistency and systematicity, i.e. from the disclosure of the semantics of verbs, their functions in specific communicative situations, further to the methods of forming of aspect pairs of the verb using common prefixes, suffixes, as well as exceptions to the rules, alternating adjacent consonants and vowels in the root, and special cases of formation of aspect pairs of the verb that need to be remembered. The paper presents methods of teaching the grammatical category of the verb aspect in the Russian language to foreign students, successive stages of work on the formation and correct using of perfect and imperfect verbs in order to remove the language barrier in intercultural communication.

scholarly journals Functional Category of Aspectuality in the Russian And English Languages

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-60
Author(s):  
Hripsime A. Derdzakyan
Keyword(s):  
Literary Text ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Functional Category ◽  
Imperfective Aspect ◽  
Bilingual Dictionaries ◽  
Verb Semantics ◽  
Russian Verb ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Russian Language

This article studies functional and semantic Tense/Aspect complexes in Russian and English, focusing on their similarities and differences. In Russian, Tense-Aspect meanings of the verb forms correlate with the semantic components of Aktionsart, while in English both Imperfective and Perfective aspects of the verb semantics are realized by the constituent category of Tense/Aspect. The inner asymmetry of the verb forms and meanings is acknowledged for each of the contrastive languages, especially for the two languages compared. The material of the study is retrieved from grammar books and manuals and from literary text samples, principally concerns the use of Tense/Aspect forms of the Russian verb and the forms of the English Perfect. The novelty impact of the study is determined by focusing on the irregularity of the aspectual meanings of English Perfect forms and Tense/Aspect forms of the Russian verb, whereas they are mostly due to lexical meanings of the verbs influenced by intralinguistic specificities of the semantics of lexical indicators as well as mechanisms of communication on the whole. Aspectual meanings both for the Perfective and Imperfective Aspect in languages under comparison used to make up lexical and grammatical aspectual categorical complexes. In terms of Aspect and Tense, peculiarities are found as functional and semantic ones, highly dependent on the situation and context of communication, thus involving extralinguistic factors which also concern the extralinguistic environment of Tense/Aspect verbal forms in use. The comparison of functions and the semantics of Aspect and Aktionsart in the Russian language with those of English Perfect asymmetry is proved to emerge, being caused by cross-linguistic structural and typological differences, particularly, the existence or not the similar forms, their varying semantic load, analytical or synthetic tendencies and others. The asymmetry is especially vividly seen translation and lexicographic field to compose varying kinds of bilingual dictionaries.

scholarly journals Carnivalisation of the Russian Language in the Era of the Coronavirus Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 280-292
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Kupina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Tender Points ◽  
Folk Culture ◽  
Online Technologies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Unique Object ◽  
Temporal Model ◽  
Colloquial Speech ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
The Russian Language

This article studies the carnivalisation of the Russian language in the era of the coronavirus pandemic (March–early December 2020) based on extracts from media texts and live colloquial speech. The phenomenon of carnivalisation is analysed with reference to M. M. Bakhtin’s concept of carnivalisation and D. S. Likhachev’s generalisations about the folk culture of laughter. It is established that the Russian carnival is associated with will. In the situation of a new “coronavirus normality”, the language forms a layer of anxiety vocabulary, which stimulates word and meaning coinage. It is proved that mass linguistic creativity is a form of resistance to disturbing reality. The author systematises potential neologisms, nonce words, and non-standard metaphors. Word innovations act as a means of creating a comic effect, characterisation, and axiological assessment of reality, as well as a means of diagnosing the tender points of the coronavirus space and a means of psychotherapy. The author distinguishes a temporal model formed in the linguistic worldview which reflects the imperfection of the world: the extended present of the coronavirus; pre-coronavirus past; post-coronavirus future which is conceived as a desired return to the past (the slogan Вперед в будущее!). As part of the analysis, the author describes a layer of new compound word-formations with корона- as the first component. Also, she pays special attention to the interpretation of words close to the core of anxiety vocabulary (путинкулы, полный карантинец, etc.). A unique object of analysis is a group of colloquial words that replace business standards (дистанционка, удаленка, запрещенка), as well as neologisms that expand the number of derivatives of the word маска. The author points out the development of coronavirus literature and characterises new online technologies studied by literature, art, and education specialists. Finally, the article describes the axiological explosion accompanying the carnivalisation of the Russian language.

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