scholarly journals Engagement and Co-Design: Routes to Lawful Research?

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miranda Mourby ◽  
Hannah Smith
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Public Engagement ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Deficit Model ◽  
Information Campaigns ◽  
The Public ◽  
Legal Obligations ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
People’S Attitudes

BackgroundThe ‘deficit’ model of engagement, which educates the public about research, has been subject to increasing criticism, as if people’s attitudes arise from ignorance which should be corrected. Nevertheless, a number of attempts to understand public views on the use of Administrative Data for research have used informative models. This can be problematic from a legal perspective, as the law is concerned with data subjects’ ‘reasonable expectations’, not their hypothetical expectations had they received more information. Recent controversies around reasonable expectations have included Google DeepMind and Royal Free, as well as Cambridge Analytica. ObjectivesThis paper considers how public engagement can help administrative data controllers meet their legal obligations when data are processed for research, and how to avoid confusion by placing too much reliance on the views of informed participants as a means of gauging wider public opinion. MethodsWe refer to the findings of an exploratory study of individual attitudes towards Administrative Data Research, which indicate that views and norms around ADR are incipient and ambivalent, especially when compared to perceptions of ‘conventional’ medical research. We consider the legal obligations administrative data controllers have to shape reasonable expectations in light of this uncertainty. FindingsEngagement which informs the public about research does have value. It indicates what the attitudes of the public might be, were certain facts about research more commonly known, and thus underscores the importance of public information campaigns. However, this work cannot provide an accurate representation of public opinion as a whole in the absence of wider dissemination of information across society. ConclusionsThere will inevitably be a number of facets to public engagement: information, representation and transparency. Each of these will correlate differently with data controllers’ legal obligations, and it is essential to understand these connections.

scholarly journals CONSULTATIONS WITH THE PUBLIC AND STUDY OF PUBLIC OPINION AS ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES: GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

2020 ◽  
pp. 140-150
Author(s):  
В. О. Кінзбурська
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Public Consultation ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Competitive Selection ◽  
The Public ◽  
Administrative Procedure ◽  
Administrative Procedures ◽  
Public Consultations ◽  
Public Monitoring

In the article the author defines the list of administrative procedures of interaction of state bodies with the public, which includes the procedures that arise in connection with: 1) public consultations (organization and conduct of public discussions of regulations); 2) the study of public opinion; 3) involvement of the public in the work of commissions established under public authorities; 4) exercising public control and supervision; 5) carrying out information activities of state bodies (publication of public information about the work of state bodies, providing answers to public requests for information); 6) activities of public councils in terms of interaction with state bodies (conducting public consultations, conducting public monitoring, holding meetings of the public council and making decisions of a recommendatory nature); 7) submission of appeals and requests for information (application of administrative procedures). The author analyzes some administrative procedures of interaction of state bodies with the public, namely: conducting public consultations and studying public opinion. The key features of the administrative procedure of public consultations are identified, which include: its dual form of implementation, as such consultations can be carried out both in person and via the Internet; availability of mandatory and optional stages; close connection with other administrative procedure related to the implementation of information activities of public authorities; obligatory documentation of the result in the form of a report, and in case of a face-to-face consultation with the public, also a protocol; the possibility of initiating this procedure by both entities government agencies and civil society institutions. It is noted that the administrative procedure for the study of public opinion is similar to the general administrative procedure for public consultation, but has its differences, in particular: it is initiated exclusively by state bodies (executive authorities); has no optional stages; provides for competitive selection among the subjects of public opinion polls, ie in fact it is a different administrative procedure for competitive selection; does not require logging, and the main document for the implementation of such a procedure is a report.

The Morass of Morale

2021 ◽  
pp. 174-215
Author(s):  
Megan Faragher
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Detective Fiction ◽  
Elizabeth Bowen ◽  
Information Campaigns ◽  
The Public ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Information Work ◽  
Fear And Anxiety ◽  
Public Criticism

The Ministry of Information (MoI) had a robust morale-research apparatus which, more often than not, failed to successfully appeal to the public in high-profile information campaigns. Cecil Day-Lewis, who worked in the Publications division of the MoI during the war, allegorized such failures through his detective fiction; in both Malice in Wonderland and Minute for Murder, he alludes to Ministry campaigns like the “Silent Column Campaign,” which failed to appropriately respond to public criticism elicited from Home Intelligence morale reports. Day-Lewis’s subtle critiques of MoI morale assessment are also mirrored in the wartime work of Elizabeth Bowen, who used her information work in Ireland to encourage the MoI to take on more sympathetic public stances towards the neutral nation during the war. While Bowen attempted to read and translate the desires of the Irish public to English officials, The Heat of the Day likewise emphasizes characters’ struggles in interpreting and mastering the desires of others. In both The Heat of the Day and in her wartime short stories, Bowen returns to early psychographic symbols of ghosts and apparitions to elucidate the precarious position of the public opinion worker during wartime. In this chapter, both Bowen and Day-Lewis remind readers that the desire to manifest interiority as material produces fear and anxiety amongst citizens who feel themselves spied upon and who see psychographics as just another means of control for governments and institutions against its citizens.

scholarly journals Difference between Bibliometric and Grey Data. Transdisciplinary Bioeconomy Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-114
Author(s):  
Indra Muizniece ◽  
Anna Kubule ◽  
Lauma Zihare ◽  
Dagnija Blumberga
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Information Space ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

AbstractThis study is a follow-up to previous research on the use of a transdisciplinary approach in the analysis of factors that influence bioeconomy development and interactions between them. It is very important to consider the significance of public opinion while performing transdisciplinary research. This study integrates public opinion in the bibliometric analysis method by using grey data from information available in the public information space: mass media and social networks. The network of factors influencing the development of bioeconomy, created with the help of social network analysis method, was compared with the one obtained from bibliometric analysis of SCOPUS database in order to find out the difference between scientific tendencies and the overall atmosphere in the information space. Although the structure of these networks varies, there is a common tendency in literature to identify the following factors as the key factors in the development of the bioeconomy: research and innovations; technology; energy and energy consumption.

scholarly journals Challenges and facilitators of public engagement with water, sanitation, hygiene and other environmental health issues in Ghana and Uganda: perspectives of scientists, journalists and the public

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-26
Author(s):  
Bernard Appiah ◽  
Anubhuti Poudyal ◽  
David A. Anum ◽  
George Appiah ◽  
Andrew Christopher Wesuta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Health ◽  
Public Engagement ◽  
Science Communication ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Despite many water, sanitation, hygiene (WASH) and other environmental health challenges in sub-Saharan Africa, little is known about interactions involving scientists, journalists and the public to aid public understanding of the relationship between WASH and health. Using purposive sampling, we conducted key informant interviews and focus group discussions with scientists, journalists and members of the public in Ghana and Uganda to identify issues associated with the promotion of public engagement with WASH and other environmental health issues. An inductive thematic analysis was used to explore the evidence, challenges and opportunities of public engagement. The effectiveness of public engagement was constrained by poor interactions between scientists and journalists and limited understanding among the public on WASH and other environmental health issues. Challenges identified included inadequate scientists–journalists collaborations, scientists' lack of time, pressure from media organizations and concerns about journalists' inadequate capacity to communicate environmental issues due to lack of training. Possible solutions included increased interactions, science communication training and using public information officers as knowledge brokers between scientists and journalists to boost public engagement with WASH and other environmental health issues. Our study contributes to the literature on the need to actively engage the public with WASH and other environmental health concerns.

scholarly journals Beyond the Deficit Model: The Ambassador Approach to Public Engagement

BioScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nalini M Nadkarni ◽  
Caitlin Q Weber ◽  
Shelley V Goldman ◽  
Dennis L Schatz ◽  
Sue Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Engagement ◽  
Scientific Literacy ◽  
Traditional Education ◽  
Deficit Model ◽  
The Public ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Societal Impacts ◽  
Personal Interests ◽  
Model Approach

Abstract Scientists are increasingly motivated to engage the public, particularly those who do not or cannot access traditional science education opportunities. Communication researchers have identified shortcomings of the deficit model approach, which assumes that skepticism toward science is based on a lack of information or scientific literacy, and encourage scientists to facilitate open-minded exchange with the public. We describe an ambassador approach, to develop a scientist's impact identity, which integrates his or her research, personal interests and experiences to achieve societal impacts. The scientist identifies a community or focal group to engage, on the basis of his or her impact identity, learns about that group, and promotes inclusion of all group members by engaging in venues in which that group naturally gathers, rather than in traditional education settings. Focal group members stated that scientists communicated effectively and were responsive to participant questions and ideas. Scientists reported professional and personal benefits from this approach.

scholarly journals Harnessing the Persuasive Power of Narrative: Science, Storytelling, and Movie Censorship, 1930–1968

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Science Communication ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Deficit Model ◽  
The Public ◽  
Persuasive Power ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Come ◽  
Communication Approach

ArgumentAs the deficit model's failure leaves scientists searching for more effective communicative approaches, science communication scholars have begun promoting narrative as a potent persuasive tool. Narratives can help the public make choices by setting out a scientific issue's contexts, establishing the stakes involved, and offering potential solutions. However, employing narrative for persuasion risks embracing the same top-down communication approach underlying deficit model thinking. This essay explores the parallels between movie censorship and the current use of narrative to influence public opinion by examining how the Hays Office and the Catholic Legion of Decency responded to science in movies. I argue that deploying narratives solely as public relations exercises demonstrates the same mistrust of audiences that provided the foundation of movie censorship. But the history of movie censorship reveals the dangers of using narrative to remove the public's agency and to coerce them towards a preferred position rather than fostering their ability to come to their own conclusions.

scholarly journals How Vietnam is saving lives against Covid-19?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 738-767
Author(s):  
Jonas Gomes da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Public Information ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Information Campaigns ◽  
The Public ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Start Ups

It complements Silva (2020b) research, which showed that among 108 well-evaluated countries, the top benchmark nations against Covid-19 are Vietnam, Taiwan, and Thailand. For example, on April 16, 2021 around 3,011,574 lives were officially lost by Covid-19, while Taiwan, Vietnam, and Thailand reported respectively only 11, 35, and 97 fatal cases (WORLDOMETERS, 2021). So, this article main aim is to investigate the Vietnam performance and the management practices used to save lives against Covid19. The research uses an online questionnaire, is descriptive with documentary and bibliographic approaches to identify management practices, including Non Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs) adopted against a pandemic. Also the Fatality Total Index (SILVA, 2020b p. 563) was used to compare Vietnam's performance with 43 semifinalist countries. Some results are: 1) 200 NPIs were identified across the world against coronavirus; 2) Among the 44 countries, Vietnam showed the second best performance, after Taiwan; 3) among 107 respondents living in Vietnam, only 5.61% don´t believe that cultural practices are decisive for the low rate of Covid-19 death, while most (94.39%) believe in that. From the group that believe, the most decisive cultural practices were: wear a mask, wash hands, not shake hands, not hug in public and few religious assembly; 4) for 106 respondents living in Vietnam, the ten main policy measures adopted by the National Government that saved lives against the virus are: international travel control, public information campaigns, schools closures, public event cancellations, integration with mass media, restriction on internal movement, effective public-private collaboration, increase the medical and personal equipment capacity, public transport reduction and combat fake news. At the final, ten golden lessons are provided, from 340 policies, measures, programs, projects, innovative products/services identified, with the majority led by the Public Sector (73.5%), followed by Corporations (8.5%), Others (6.5%), Start ups (6.2%), and Universities (5.3%).

scholarly journals Strategies for centering equity and public engagement in the ethical use of integrated administrative data

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adelia Jenkins ◽  
Amy Hawn Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Data Integration ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Public Engagement ◽  
Data Access ◽  
The United States ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Risk Modeling ◽  
Data Systems ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
The Public

Background with rationaleData integration is undertaken for the public good, yet institutions rarely address structural bias in their history, or the ways data are biased due to systemic inequities in the administration of policies and programs. Meanwhile, the public are rarely consulted in data use. Though data infrastructure can be a powerful tool to support equity-oriented reforms, equity is rarely a stated goal for data integration. This raises fundamental concerns, as integrated data increasingly provide the raw materials for evaluation, research, and risk modeling that inform policy, practice, and resource allocation. Actionable Intelligence for Social Policy (AISP) is an initiative of the University of Pennsylvania that focuses on the development, use, and innovation of integrated data systems (IDS). We convene a network of IDS across the United States while supporting developing sites, and as such are uniquely situated to convene experts to develop guidance for centering equity within integrated data infrastructure. Main AimThis project aims to generate guidance for agencies supporting data sharing infrastructure to ensure an emphasis on equity and public engagement for ethical use. Methods/ApproachA variety of data collection methods are being used, including expert panel convenings and interviews with sites piloting or exemplifying strategies for public engagement and equitable data access and use. An extensive literature review is also in progress and will inform a suite of forthcoming products, including a white paper, communications and training materials. ResultsThe results will provide strategies for centering equity across the spectrum of data integration activities, including inclusive governance, staffing considerations, decisions about data quality, and the ethical use of data models and algorithms. Initial findings indicate there are few exemplar sites that routinely center equity within data integration efforts, yet there are promising incremental steps that sites can take to ensure ethical use. ConclusionWhile centering equity within data integration is an emerging focus, initial findings indicate the importance of such efforts, particularly in acknowledging and mitigating the risks of unacknowledged bias across use of administrative data for research and evaluation purposes.

scholarly journals Do knowledge gains from public information campaigns persist over time? Results from a survey experiment on the Norwegian pension reform

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
HENNING FINSERAAS ◽  
NIKLAS JAKOBSSON ◽  
MIKAEL SVENSSON
Keyword(s):  
Pension Reform ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Information Campaigns ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Short Run

AbstractGovernment authorities use resources on information campaigns in order to inform citizens about relevant policy changes. The motivation is usually that individuals sometimes are ill-informed about the public policies relevant for their choices. In a survey experiment where the treatment group was provided with public information material on the social security system, we assess the short- and medium-term knowledge effects. We show that the short run effects of the information on knowledge disappear completely within 4 months. The findings illustrate the limits of public information campaigns to improve knowledge about relevant policy reforms.

scholarly journals Countering COVID-19: A European survey on acceptability of and commitment to preventive measures

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Sabat ◽  
N Elsem Varghese ◽  
S Neuman-Böhme ◽  
P Pita Barros ◽  
W Brouwer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Sentiment ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
People’S Attitudes ◽  
High Level ◽  
Movement Tracking ◽  
Representative Samples

Abstract To understand the public sentiment toward the measures used by policymakers for COVID-19 containment, a survey among representative samples of the population in seven European countries was carried out in the first two weeks of April 2020. The study addressed people's support for containment policies, worries about COVID-19 consequences, and trust in sources of information. Citizens were overall satisfied with their government's response to the pandemic; however, the extent of approval differed across countries and policy measures. A north-south divide in public opinion was noticeable across the European states. It was particularly pronounced for intrusive policy measures, such as mobile data use for movement tracking, economic concerns, and trust in the information from the national government. Considerable differences in people's attitudes were noticed within countries, especially across individual regions and age groups. The findings suggest that the epidemic acts as a stressor, causing health and economic anxieties even in households that were not directly affected by the virus. At the same time, the burden of stress was unequally distributed across regions and age groups. Based on the data collected, we draw lessons from the containment stage and identify several insights that can facilitate the design of lockdown exit strategies and future containment policies so that a high level of compliance can be expected. Key messages Citizens were overall satisfied with their government's response to the COVID-19 outbreak. A north-south pattern in public opinion was observed across the European states.

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