Incidence of drug-treated chronic diseases using administrative pharmaceutical data

Background Pharmaceutical data can be used to identify the presence of drug-treated chronic diseases (CD) in individuals using assigned World Health Organization Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classifications of medicines prescribed. ATC codes define treatment domains and provides a method to case define CD that has previously been used to estimate CD prevalence within populations. Main Aim We determined selected CD incidence from an administrative pharmaceutical dataset, and compared them with published CD incidence results. Approach An Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) database covering the period 2003-14 was used for this study. The earliest prescriptions exchanged by individuals for an ATC defined CD were identified and the annual count recorded. These values were combined with Australian population census data to calculate the annual incidence of ATC defined CD. Australian PBS derived incidence estimates (PDI) were compared with published Australian and world incidence data. Results The PDI of 16 chronic diseases were compared with incidence estimates using self-report surveys from the literature. Mean percentage differences between PDI estimates varied greatly when compared to survey data (mean 33% (SD ±79%). Diabetes (-29%), gout (4%), glaucoma (69%) and tuberculosis (14%) showed closer associations. In contrast, PDI estimates (n/1000/year) showed particularly high incidence levels as compared with self-report data for dyspepsia (16.9 v 4.5), dyslipidaemia (11.6 v 5.6) and respiratory illness (17.6 v 2.6). Conclusion Incidence estimates of drug treated chronic disease can be obtained using pharmaceutical data and may be a useful source for a number of conditions. Some PDI differ considerably from survey data. The interpretation of PDI requires context on how a particular CD presents. Accuracy and relevance are likely to depend upon how drug treatments relate to the initial management of the chronic disease.

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Association of Edentulism with Various Chronic Diseases in Mexican Elders 60+ Years: Results of a Population-Based Survey

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9040404 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 404

Author(s):

Alejandro José Casanova-Rosado ◽

Juan Fernando Casanova-Rosado ◽

Mirna Minaya-Sánchez ◽

José Luís Robles-Minaya ◽

Juan Alejandro Casanova-Sarmiento ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Angina Pectoris ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Population Based ◽

Self Report ◽

World Health ◽

Complex Nature ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

World Health Survey ◽

Cross Sectional

Objective: To determine the association of edentulism with different chronic diseases and mental disorders in Mexicans aged 60 years and over. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out using data from the World Health Survey for Mexico, in a probabilistic, multi-stage cluster sampling framework. Data for self-report of chronic diseases (diabetes, arthritis, angina pectoris and asthma), mental disorders (depression and schizophrenia) and edentulism were analyzed. Edentulism data were available for 20 of the 32 States of Mexico. Statistical analysis was performed in Stata 14.0 using the svy module for complex sampling (Complex nature under which individuals are sampled). Results: In total 4213 subjects were included, representing a population of 7,576,057 individuals. Mean age was 70.13 ± 7.82 years (range 60 to 98); 56.2% were women. Chronic diseases’ prevalence and mental disorders prevalence were as follows: diabetes 15.0% (N = 1,132,693); arthritis 13.2% (N = 1,001,667); depression 5.5% (N = 414,912); angina pectoris 4.5% (344,315); asthma 3.6% (N = 269,287); and schizophrenia 2.2% (N = 16,988). The prevalence of edentulism was 26.3%, which pertained to 1,993,463 people aged 60 years and over. Angina in women aged 60 to 69 years (p < 0.05) and depression in men aged 70 years and over (p < 0.0001) were associated with higher prevalence of edentulism. Conclusions: There was generally sparse association between edentulism on chronic diseases and mental disorders included in the study, except for women aged 60 to 69 years for angina, and in men aged 70 and over, for depression. Although our findings are misaligned with previous reports, longitudinal studies are required to test causal and temporal relationships between edentulism with chronic diseases and mental disorders.

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P01-300-Assessment of level anxiety and depression for parents of children with chronic disease

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72011-9 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (S2) ◽

pp. 302-302

Author(s):

H. Jafary Manesh

Keyword(s):

Chronic Disease ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Emotional Health ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Anxiety Level ◽

World Health ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Mild Depression ◽

Cross Sectional

IntroductionAnxiety and depression are psychological disorders, which are according to the World Health Organization in terms of disease on top of other diseases in recent decades. Parents have children with chronic disease, which are faced with psychological pressure. In these Conditions, they are susceptible to Anxiety and depression. Anxiety and depression of Parental is associated with decreased sense of responsibility toward care, education and nutrition for their children. Children of depressed parents than healthy parents have more hospitalization time and higher mortality. addition, parents are considered as the most important people in the support system of sick children and their mental disorder affect on their children's mental and emotional health. Therefore assessment of parents’ the two disorders are essential.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine of parent's anxiety and depression of children with chronic disease in Tehran Mofid pediatric hospital in 1389.MethodThis is cross-sectional descriptive study. 440 parents of hospitalized children with chronic diseases were selected with random sampling. Study's tool was anxiety and depression hospital scale. Tools validated with content and convergent validity method and test-retest method was used to its reliability.FindingsAssessment of anxiety level showed 49/1% of samples were moderate to severe and 24/5% with mild anxiety. Level analyses of depression showed that 31/8% of samples were with moderate to severe depression and 27/3 with mild depression.ConclusionOverall result showed that more than half of parents of children with chronic diseases suffer from moderate to severe anxiety and depression.

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comparison of Australian chronic disease prevalence estimates using administrative pharmaceutical dispensing data with international and community survey data

International Journal for Population Data Science ◽

10.23889/ijpds.v5i1.1347 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shaun Francis Purkiss ◽

Tessa Keegel ◽

Hassan Vally ◽

Dennis Wollersheim

Keyword(s):

Chronic Disease ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Disease Prevalence ◽

World Health ◽

Community Surveys ◽

Prevalence Estimates ◽

Australian Community ◽

Health Organization ◽

Chronic Disease Prevalence ◽

Dispensing Data

Introduction: Chronic disease (CD) is a leading cause of population mortality, illness and disability. Identification of CD using administrative data is increasingly used and may have utility in monitoring population health. Pharmaceutical administrative data using World Health Organization Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical Codification (ATC) assigned to prescribed medicines may offer an improved method to define persons with certain CD and enable the calculation of population prevalence. Objective: To assess the feasibility of Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) dispensing data to provide realistic measures of chronic disease prevalence using ATC codification and compare values with international data using similar ATC methodology and Australian community surveys. Methods: Twenty-two chronic diseases were identified using World Health Organization (WHO) formulated ATC codes assigned to treatments received and recorded in a PBS database. Distinct treatment episodes prescribed to individuals were counted annually for prevalence estimates. Comparisons were then made with estimates from international studies using pharmaceutical data and published Australian community surveys. Results: PBS prevalence estimates for a range of chronic diseases listed in European studies and Australian community surveys demonstrated good correlation (r > .83, p < .001). PBS estimates of the prevalence of diabetes, cardiovascular disease and hypertension, dyslipidemia, and respiratory disease with comparable Australian National Health Survey data by age groupings (>45 years) showed correlations of between (r = 0.82 - 0.99, p < .001) and a range of percentage difference of -15% to 77%. However, other conditions such as psychological disease and migraine showed greater disparity and correlated less well. Conclusions: Although not without limitations, Australian administrative pharmaceutical dispensing data may provide an alternative perspective on population health and a useful resource to estimate the prevalence of a number of chronic diseases within the Australian population.

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Device-assessed physical activity and sedentary behaviors in Canadians with chronic disease(s): findings from the Canadian Health Measures Survey

10.31236/osf.io/z8p72 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Gabriel Hains-Monfette ◽

Sarah Atoui ◽

Kelsey Needham Dancause ◽

Paquito Bernard

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Chronic Disease ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Self Report ◽

Sedentary Behaviors ◽

Targeted Interventions ◽

Canadian Health ◽

Objectively Measured ◽

Objectively Measured Physical Activity

Background: Physical activity and sedentary behaviors are major determinants of quality of life in adults with one or more chronic disease(s). However, there are no Canadian representative population-based studies investigating objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviors in adults with and without chronic disease(s).Objective: To compare objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviors in a representative sample of Canadian adults with and without chronic disease(s). Methods: Data were obtained from the Canadian Health Measure Survey (CHMS) (2007-2013). Physical activity and sedentary behaviors were measured using accelerometry in Canadians aged between 35 and 79 years. Data are characterized as daily mean time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), and sedentary behavior, as well as steps accumulated per day. Chronic diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, heart diseases, cancer) were assessed via self-report diagnostic or laboratory data. Four weighted multivariable analyses of covariance comparing physical activity and sedentary behavior variables among adults without and with one or more chronic diseases were conducted.Results: In the total, 6270 CHMS participants were included. Analyses indicated that 23.9%, 4.9% and 0.5% had one, two, and three or more chronic diseases. Adults with two or three and more chronic diseases had significantly lower daily duration of MVPA and LPA, lower daily step counts, and higher daily duration of sedentary behavior compared to adults with no chronic diseases, with low effect sizes.Conclusions: Canadian multimorbid adults might benefit from targeted interventions to increase physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviors.

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Benefit packages for chronic disease outpatients in the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme in 32 Chinese counties

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.2-137.v1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 137

Author(s):

Chuangzhou Xu ◽

Christian A Gericke

Keyword(s):

Chronic Disease ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

National Level ◽

Analytical Framework ◽

International Classification Of Diseases ◽

World Health ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Classification Of Diseases ◽

Icd 10 ◽

Cooperative Medical Scheme

Introduction: Chronic disease has become a major problem affecting the health of the Chinese population. In response to this situation, the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme (NRCMS) has begun to provide health cover for outpatients with chronic disease expenses, made possible by the increased risk pool of previous years. We compare the differences between Benefit Packages for Chronic Diseases Outpatients (BPCDO) in order to produce a reference for policy makers.Methods: Information on the various BPCDO was located by searching the official NRCMS website in Chinese, using certain criteria to select the ideal BPCDO. Population coverage, service coverage and cost of coverage were chosen to form the analytical framework for this paper. The diseases were classified according to the World Health Organisation's (WHO) International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10).Results: To avoid “moral hazard”, complex processes have been created. This has resulted in chronic disease patients finding it very difficult to become beneficiaries. Forty-one types of chronic diseases were listed in 32 different BPCDO. We found that different counties have different co-payment rates, deductible lines, ceilings, coverage of drugs and tests, appointed hospitals and reimbursement frequencies.Conclusion: High mortality diseases and diseases with a heavier cost burden should be the priority on the list of reimbursement. The BPCDO scheme should be introduced urgently at the national level. It should include twenty-one types of disease and eight essential factors.

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Association of Edentulism With Various Chronic Diseases in Mexican Elders 60+ Years: Results of a Population-Based Survey

10.20944/preprints202103.0577.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alejandro José Casanova-Rosado ◽

Juan Fernando Casanova-Rosado ◽

Mirna Minaya-Sánchez ◽

José Luís Robles-Minaya ◽

Juan Alejandro Casanova-Sarmiento ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Angina Pectoris ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Self Report ◽

World Health ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

World Health Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Multi Stage

Objective: To determine the association of edentulism with different chronic diseases in Mexicans aged 60 years and over. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out using data from the World Health Survey for Mexico, which had a probabilistic, multi-stage and cluster sampling. The results of the self-report of chronic diseases (diabetes, arthritis, depression, angina pectoris, asthma and schizophrenia) and of edentulism were analyzed. Dental data were available for 20 of the 32 States of the Mexican Republic. Statistical analysis was performed in Stata 14.0 using the svy module for complex samples. Results: In total, 4213 subjects were included, representing a population of 7,576,057 individuals. The mean age was 70.13 ± 7.82 years (limits 60 to 98). Women represented 56.2%. The chronic diseases analyzed were presented as follows: diabetes 15.0% (N = 1,132,693); arthritis 13.2% (N = 1,001,667); depression 5.5% (N = 414,912); angina pectoris 4.5% (344,315); asthma 3.6% (N = 269,287); and schizophrenia 2.2% (N = 16,988). The prevalence of edentulism was 26.3%, which represents 1,993,463 people aged 60 years and over with this characteristic. For the presence of angina in women aged 60 to 69 years (p &lt;0.05) and depression in men aged 70 years and over (p &lt;0.0001), a higher prevalence of edentulism was observed. Conclusions: In general, there was no observation of association between edentulism was observed on the different chronic diseases included in the study. In the stratified analysis, only in women aged 60 to 69 years, for angina, and in men aged 70 and over, for depression, were associated.

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Quality of life in chronic disease rehabilitation

Reviews in Clinical Gerontology ◽

10.1017/s0959259805001620 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 317-325

Author(s):

Peter Hobson ◽

Jolyon Meara

Keyword(s):

Chronic Disease ◽

Chronic Illness ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Musculoskeletal Diseases ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Strong Association ◽

Chronically Ill ◽

World Health ◽

Chronic Lung Diseases

In 2002 the World Health Organisation (WHO) reported that worldwide, deaths due to chronic diseases were accountable for around 30 million people. An earlier report by the WHO revealed that the leading causes of deaths due to chronic disease were cardiovascular disease (17 million), cancers (7 million), chronic lung diseases (4 million) and diabetes (approximately 1 million). In developed nations, the most frequently reported risk factors associated with chronic diseases are exposure to tobacco products (12.2%), hypertension (10.9%), alcohol consumption (9.2%), elevated cholesterol (7.6%), and obesity (7.4%), unhealthy diets that include high saturated fat and sugar content (3.9%) and sedentary lifestyle (3.3%). In view of the demographic shifts, and the strong association with aging and chronic disease, it is estimated that worldwide, within the next two decades, the predicted number of deaths due to chronic illness will rise to around 50 million people per year. Amongst elderly populations in particular, circulatory diseases, respiratory diseases, mental health problems, and musculoskeletal diseases are frequently cited as causes of chronic illness. Population estimates in the UK suggest that around 70% of people by the age of 80 report some type of health-related disability. Patients with chronic conditions will often have multiple co-morbidities with complicated disease management which will necessitate considerable contributions from their caregivers. The caregivers of the chronically ill are often unpaid family members who are frequently placed under considerable stress, and as a result can themselves suffer from functional decline, depression, isolation and loneliness.

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Chronic Disease Prevalence. A perspective using Administrative Data from Australia

International Journal for Population Data Science ◽

10.23889/ijpds.v3i2.574 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Shaun Purkiss ◽

Tessa Keegal ◽

Dennis Wollersheim ◽

Hassan Vally

Keyword(s):

Chronic Disease ◽

Administrative Data ◽

Chronic Conditions ◽

Census Data ◽

Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical ◽

Disease Prevalence ◽

World Health ◽

Good Representation ◽

Prevalence Estimates ◽

Chronic Disease Prevalence

BackgroundPharmaceutical administrative data can provide an alternative method to assess chronic disease prevalence. The data within prescription exchanges includes the specific nature of the medication dispensed which can be utilised for case definition by proxy of certain chronic diseases. ObjectivesThis study examines the potential of Australian administrative pharmaceutical data to define chronic disease and provide population prevalence estimates. The utility of allocated World Health Organization Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) codes to the treatment supplied will be assessed and the validity of the results generated compared with other Australian sources of chronic disease prevalence. Methods23 chronic conditions were defined by ATC codes within an Australian (administrative) Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) dataset. This enabled calculation of chronic disease prevalences for the period 2003 to 2014 using Australian census data as denominator values. FindingsPrevalence estimates from PBS data when compared with questionnaire based studies demonstrated homogeneity overall (Mann-Whitney P>0.05). PBS prevalence estimates of diabetes, gout and asthma showed respective correlations of 0.999, 0.8385 and 0.58 to 0.82 with community surveys. In general, the prevalence of most chronic conditions rose. Cardiovascular disorders, iron deficiency treatment, HIV and prescription pain medication however demonstrated notable increases. Prevalence estimates were influenced by artefactual factors including new government regulation in 2012. For diabetes prevalence estimates this improved the correlation associated with community survey data. ConclusionsAustralian pharmaceutical administrative data have potential utility for chronic disease prevalence estimates. Advantages include low costs, speed of analysis, high power and good representation. We consider the technique offers a complimentary perspective of chronic disease prevalence providing new insights into population health.

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From ‘Big 4′ to ‘Big 5′: A review and epidemiological study on the relationship between psychiatric disorders and World Health Organization preventable diseases

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.592 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S489-S489

Author(s):

G. Chartier ◽

D. Cawthorpe

Keyword(s):

Chronic Disease ◽

Psychiatric Disorder ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

World Health ◽

Billing Data ◽

Medical Comorbidities ◽

Physical Disorders ◽

The Relationship

IntroductionChronic diseases, such as heart disease, stroke, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes, are by far the leading causes of mortality in the world, representing 60% of all deaths. However, chronic disease rarely exists in isolation. Nevertheless, study of chronic disease rarely takes into account comorbidity and virtually none examine their occurrence in populations.Objectivesand aims To review the association between psychiatric disorders and other medical comorbidities.To study the association between psychiatric diseases and medical comorbidities on a population-scale.To reconsider our approach to medical comorbidities.MethodsUsing an informatics approach, a dataset containing physician billing data for 764 731 (46% male) individuals spanning sixteen fiscal years (1994–2009) in Calgary, Alberta, Canada was compiled permitting examination of the relationship between Physical Disorders and Mental Disorders, based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD).ResultsAll major classes of ICD physical disorders had odd ratios with confidence intervals above the value of 1.0. Ranging from 1.47 (Injury poisoning) to Circulatory systems (3.82). More precisely, when a psychiatric disorder is present, the likelihood to develop one of the four preventable diseases is significantly increased: Stroke (4.27), Hypertension (3.34), Diabetes (2.66) and COPD (2.43).ConclusionWe postulate that psychiatric disorder should be included in the classification of preventable chronic diseases that have a profound impact on society. Developing a consistent and standardized approach to describe these features of disease has the potential to dramatically shift the format of both clinical practice and medical education.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Device-Assessed Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors in Canadians with Chronic Disease(s): Findings from the Canadian Health Measures Survey

Sports ◽

10.3390/sports7050113 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 113 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gabriel Hains-Monfette ◽

Sarah Atoui ◽

Kelsey Needham Dancause ◽

Paquito Bernard

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Chronic Disease ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Self Report ◽

Sedentary Behaviors ◽

Health Measures ◽

Canadian Health ◽

Canadian Health Measures Survey

Physical activity and sedentary behaviors (SB) are major determinants of quality of life in adults with one or more chronic disease(s). The aim of this study is to compare objectively measured physical activity and SB in a representative sample of Canadian adults with and without chronic disease(s). The Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) (2007–2013) was used in this study. Daily time spent in physical activities and sedentary behaviors were assessed by an accelerometer in Canadians aged 35–79 years. Data are characterized as daily mean time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), steps accumulated per day and SB. Chronic diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, heart diseases, cancer) were assessed via self-report diagnostic or laboratory data. Weighted multivariable analyses of covariance comparing physical activity and SB variables among adults without and with chronic disease(s) were conducted; 6270 participants were included. Analyses indicated that 23.9%, 4.9% and 0.5% had one, two, and three or more chronic diseases. Adults with two and more chronic diseases had significantly lower daily duration of MVPA and LPA, daily step counts, and higher daily duration of SB compared to adults without chronic diseases. Interventions targeting physical activity improvement and SB reduction might be beneficial for Canadian multimorbid adults.

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