scholarly journals Literature and History: Rethinking Representations of the Regimes of Juan Manuel de Rosas and Juan Domingo Perón

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Rachel Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Literary Representations ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Juan Domingo Peron ◽  
Eva Peron

For many decades, Argentina’s former populist President Juan Domingo de Perón has been frequently compared with the infamous nineteenth-century Federalist dictator Juan Manuel de Rosas. The official liberal historical perspective postulates that the Perón government was the ‘second tyranny’, the first being the notorious Rosas regime, but this assertion is problematic. Despite the evident parallels to be drawn, both men’s zealous supporters and archenemies use the similarities to reinforce their own political agendas. This thesis explores the plausible comparisons between Argentina’s most polemical political leaders, focusing on the literary representations of both figures in a series of nineteenth and twentieth-century fictional and historical works. Studying Rosas and Perón is even more significant in view of the striking similarities between their wives, who were instrumental in elevating their husbands to long-term political supremacy. Both women assumed unofficial roles in their spouses’ administrations and one, namely Eva Perón, is arguably Argentina’s most celebrated political icon. The parallels between both men and women have – strangely – never undergone literary treatment. This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of the four most controversial political figures who have influenced much of the historiography of Argentina.

Gender and Social Exclusion in European Migration Crisis

2018 ◽  
pp. 658-676
Author(s):  
Marlou Schrover
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Refugee Women ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
The One ◽  
European Migration

This chapter discusses social exclusion in European migration from a gendered and historical perspective. It discusses how from this perspective the idea of a crisis in migration was repeatedly constructed. Gender is used in this chapter in a dual way: attention is paid to differences between men and women in (refugee) migration, and to differences between men and women as advocates and claim makers for migrant rights. There is a dilemma—recognized mostly for recent decades—that on the one hand refugee women can be used to generate empathy, and thus support. On the other hand, emphasis on women as victims forces them into a victimhood role and leaves them without agency. This dilemma played itself out throughout the twentieth century. It led to saving the victims, but not to solving the problem. It fortified rather than weakened the idea of a crisis.

scholarly journals How long was the nineteenth century?

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (spe) ◽  
pp. 81-98
Author(s):  
David LIGHTFOOT
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Learning Procedure ◽  
The Way

This paper reviews the problems of the deterministic and predictive view of language change initiated by nineteenth century linguists and shows that such a view is still present in many analyses proposed by twentieth century linguists. As an alternative to such a view, the paper discusses an approach along the lines of Niyogi and Berwick (1997), which takes the explanation for long-term tendencies to be a function of the architecture of UG and the learning procedure and of the way in which populations of speakers behave.

The End of Midterm Decline?

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-164
Author(s):  
Lex Renda
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
District Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Midterm Elections ◽  
Average Loss ◽  
Open Seat ◽  
The U.S

Variations in the loss of seats in the House of Representatives by the president's party in midterm elections between 1854 and 1998 are analyzed from a historical perspective. Whereas in the latter three-fourths of the nineteenth century the president's party lost, on average, 22% of its share of House seats, in the twentieth century the average loss was 13%. Using district-level data, the author attributes the problematization of “midterm decline” to the growing power of incumbency (a consequence of the development of the Australian ballot), the decline in the number of partisanly competitive districts in open-seat elections, and the limitation, since 1912, of the size of the U.S. House of Representatives.

Communal Boundaries and Confessional Policies in Ottoman Niš

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 726-756
Author(s):  
Florian Riedler
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban History ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Symbolic Boundaries

AbstractThis article focuses on communal boundaries in nineteenth-century Ottoman Niš, a city located in what is today southern Serbia. In particular, it explores the implications of Robert Hayden’s model of “antagonistic tolerance” for Ottoman urban history. In a first step, by taking into consideration the urban form of Niš from a long-term historical perspective, we consider how urban space was divided between inhabitants with different religious backgrounds. The article then turns to consider the symbolic boundaries that existed between confessional groups in nineteenth-century Niš, which can be traced by looking at the construction of churches and mosques. By examining the ways in which communal boundaries were expressed, negotiated and changed through church and mosque buildings, we can begin to render the confessional policies of the Ottoman authorities more transparent.

scholarly journals Communication, Differentiation and the Evolution of World Society

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-80
Author(s):  
Boris Holzer
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Systems Theory ◽  
Social World ◽  
Sociological Perspective ◽  
The Social ◽  
Global Modernity ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries

This chapter uses a systems theory perspective to examine how the globalization processes of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries affected social contacts, societal groups, and social change. It looks at developments and changes that took place in the nineteenth century that point to both continuities and ruptures with earlier epochs and their further consolidation and elaboration throughout the twentieth century. It also discusses a sociological perspective on a 'long twentieth century' and discernible transformations of the social world, which provided the foundation for a global modernity and popularized the aspiration towards it. The chapter implies an interest in fundamental sociological concepts, namely communication, differentiation, and evolution. It investigates the integral part of a long-term transformation that is developed by fundamental or societal revolution.

scholarly journals Kobieca cnota. Próba zrozumienia ewolucji znaczenia cnoty na przestrzeni wieków

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 83-102
Author(s):  
Beata Raszewska-Żurek
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Cultural Determinants ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Feminine Virtue

Feminine virtue. An attempt at understanding the evolution of the meaning of cnota (virtue) over the centuriesThe article is devoted to the evolution of the meaning of the Polish lexeme cnota (virtue) starting from the Old Polish to the present time. The starting point is the change in the meaning of the lexeme virtue from the ‘complex of ethical qualities’ in the Old Polish language to the ‘hymen’ in the twentieth century. From the beginning of the Polish language, the lexeme virtue contained a different catalogue of values in relation to men and women. Analysis concerned these meanings which referred to a woman and were related to the valuation not only of the virtue, but also of a woman in general, taking into consideration non-linguistic, social and cultural determinants. The material comes from historical and contemporary Polish language dictionaries. The studies also included the use of lexemes related to the lexem cnota (virtue), such as an adjective cnotliwy (virtuous) or a noun cnotka (would-be virgin, goody-goody), if they concerned the woman‘s virtue. The meaning of the lexeme virtue in relation to a woman was associated with virginity, chastity, considered as a key factor for determining the value of a woman. Such meaning, associated with a positive valuation of virtue persisted until the nineteenth century. In the twentieth century, the broad importance of the lexeme virtue has fallen into disuse, the meaning has been narrowed to ‘virginity’. Following this, in connection with social and customary changes, the virtue, already as ‘virginity’, lost its traditional high rating in the category of moral values.

The Beginnings of Radiocarbon Dating in American Antiquity: A Historical Perspective

1985 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Human Species ◽  
American Antiquity ◽  
Profound Influence

Few archaeologists would dispute the suggestion that the introduction of 14C dating into archaeological research has had a profound influence on the way in which prehistoric studies are conducted. Glyn Daniel, for example, has gone so far as to rank the development of the 14C method in the twentieth-century with the discovery of the antiquity of the human species in the nineteenth-century (Daniel 1967:266). Despite the widespread acknowledgment of the significant role played by the 14C method in contemporary archaeological investigations, no comprehensive, critical, historical review of the specific intellectual history and substantive characteristics of this impact, particularly in American archaeology, has been published.

Managing fragile democracy: Constitutionalist ethos and constrained democracy in Finland

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-538
Author(s):  
Johanna Rainio-Niemi
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Modern Democracy ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Constitutional Order ◽  
History Of ◽  
Early Case ◽  
The Stability

This article examines the role that the constitution and the deep-seated, cultural respect for constitutional and administrative stability have played in Finland. The text examines this tradition in a long historical perspective stretching from the nineteenth-century administrative and cultural ‘defence’ battles to the militant legalist protection of the constitutional stability in the 1930s, and, finally, analyses the slow but determined turn towards a more distinctively ‘Nordic’, more integrative and inclusive, model of managing the fragilities within modern democracy. The article argues that Finland of the early twentieth century presents an exceptionally early case of militant and defensive democracy, and, moreover, one that demonstrates the role of the long-term politico-cultural traditions in the adoption of features of militant democracy in a society. This distinctively defensive, and at times, militant constitutionalist ethos has served to protect democracy at many critical moments in the history of twentieth-century Finland. Yet, the protection has often been secondary to the main priority, namely, the maintenance of the stability of the existing constitutional order. This attitude has marked the notions and practices of modern democracy throughout the twentieth century in Finland.

scholarly journals Album biograficzne zasłużonych Polaków i Polek wieku XIX. Warsztatowe studia przypadków

2019 ◽  
pp. 164-192
Author(s):  
Urszula Kowalczuk
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Important Work ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Collective Biography

The article proposes a new reading of Album biograficzne zasłużonych Polaków i Polek wieku XIX (1901–1903) [Biographic album of distinguished nineteenth-century Polish men and women (1901–1903)]. It is proven that this collection of characteristically designed biographies and an unusual collective biography is an important work of Polish humanities of the turn of the twentieth century that can be placed in relation to both Thomas Carlyle’s hero concept and Jacob Burckhardt’s postulates of the ‘anthropologisation of history’. The three selected biograms (Klaudyna Potocka’s by Aleksander Kraushar, August Hiacynt Dziarkowski’s by Józef Peszke and Adolf Pawiński’s by Jan Karol Kochanowski) are case studies allowing for the reconstruction of the dilemmas and text strategies each time specifying the biographer’s unique workshop and the techniques of uncovering it.

Too Much Secularism? Religious Freedom in European History and the European Court of Human Rights

2019 ◽  
pp. 95-124
Author(s):  
Samuel Moyn
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
European History ◽  
European Court ◽  
Looking Back

This chapter reinterprets contemporary European Court of Human Rights religious freedom jurisprudence in historical perspective, arguing that the decisions upholding headscarf and related bans do not flow from principles that have been connected to an exclusionary secularism for long. Looking back to early modern origins, the chapter first shows that it is mistaken to assume a long-term alliance between religious freedom and ‘secularism’. The chapter then turns to a closer analysis of the 1940s, when religious freedom was internationalized. As in its earliest origins, so also in its mid-twentieth century iteration, religious freedom was not part of a secularist enterprise. On the contrary, religious freedom was historically a principle that was most often intended to marginalize secularism. The Muslim of contemporary jurisprudence has taken the place of the communist.

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