scholarly journals Album biograficzne zasłużonych Polaków i Polek wieku XIX. Warsztatowe studia przypadków

2019 ◽  
pp. 164-192
Author(s):  
Urszula Kowalczuk
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Important Work ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Collective Biography

The article proposes a new reading of Album biograficzne zasłużonych Polaków i Polek wieku XIX (1901–1903) [Biographic album of distinguished nineteenth-century Polish men and women (1901–1903)]. It is proven that this collection of characteristically designed biographies and an unusual collective biography is an important work of Polish humanities of the turn of the twentieth century that can be placed in relation to both Thomas Carlyle’s hero concept and Jacob Burckhardt’s postulates of the ‘anthropologisation of history’. The three selected biograms (Klaudyna Potocka’s by Aleksander Kraushar, August Hiacynt Dziarkowski’s by Józef Peszke and Adolf Pawiński’s by Jan Karol Kochanowski) are case studies allowing for the reconstruction of the dilemmas and text strategies each time specifying the biographer’s unique workshop and the techniques of uncovering it.

Veiling Esther, Unveiling Her Story

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam J. Silverstein
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Religious Background ◽  
Literary Context ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Selection Of

This book examines the ways in which the biblical book of Esther was read, understood, and used in Muslim lands, from ancient to modern times. It zeroes-in on a selection of case studies, covering works from various periods and regions of the Muslim world, including the Qur’an, premodern historical chronicles and literary works, the writings of a nineteenth-century Shia feminist, a twentieth-century Iranian dictionary, and others. These case studies demonstrate that Muslim sources contain valuable materials on Esther, which shed light both on the Esther story itself and on the Muslim peoples and cultures that received it. The book argues that Muslim sources preserve important, pre-Islamic materials on Esther that have not survived elsewhere, some of which offer answers to ancient questions about Esther, such as the meaning of Haman’s epithet in the Greek versions of the story, the reason why Mordecai refused to prostrate himself before Haman, and the literary context of the “plot of the eunuchs” to kill the Persian king. Furthermore, throughout the book we will see how each author’s cultural and religious background influenced his or her understanding and retelling of the Esther story: In particular, it will be shown that Persian Muslims (and Jews) were often forced to reconcile or choose between the conflicting historical narratives provided by their religious and cultural heritages respectively.

Women’s Experiences of Prostitution

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Settle
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Poor Law ◽  
Women’S Experiences ◽  
Women's Experiences ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Collective Biography ◽  
Historical Agency

This chapter uses poor law, census, police, magistrates and prison records relating to over eight-hundred women, alongside in-depth case studies of individuals, to examine the major themes that shaped the lives of women involved in prostitution in Scotland during the early twentieth century. The chapter explores various reasons why women entered or exited prostitution at certain stages during their lives; particularly their socio-economic backgrounds, their health, use of alcohol or involvement in crime and other events that shaped their lives and relationships, including the different types of relationships that existed among ‘prostitutes’, ‘pimps’ and ‘brothel-keepers. Despite the limitations of the available sources which are heavily mediated, this collective biography approach provides some important insights into the lives and experiences of the women involved in prostitution. Importantly, this evidence begins to reveal a level of women’s historical agency that has often been difficult for historians to ascertain.

Human Rights, the State, and Recognition

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 639-650
Author(s):  
Matt Hann
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
The State ◽  
Natural Rights ◽  
The Holocaust

In three recent books, Andrew Vincent, Kelly Staples, and Jeremy Waldron offer much to enrich our understanding of the interface between human rights, the state, and recognition. Andrew Vincent offers an overview of the development of human rights from nineteenth century decline to twentieth century renaissance. He links the decline of natural rights to nationalism and evolution, and attributes the rebirth of rights to the horrors of the Holocaust. He claims human rights are qualitatively different to natural rights – though I argue this is not completely clear. Vincent argues that human rights require states, but that human rights are also protection against states. Kelly Staples uses two case studies to examine the effects of statelessness on human rights. She argues that statelessness, contra Arendt, need not mean deprivation of all rights. Her case studies are persuasive, though she may be reading Arendt on statelessness too strictly, and a more systematic setting out of Staples’ re-theorisation of statelessness would be desirable. Jeremy Waldron argues that ‘dignity’ should mean a set of rights, rather than being a reason to be held to have rights or something rights ought to protect. In making this argument, Waldron argues against Kantian and Roman Catholic conceptions of dignity. A potential drawback to Waldron’s theory is that it is silent on those outside the ‘dignitarian society.’ The three books together seem to represent a welcome shift towards thinking about human rights in terms of recognition.

scholarly journals Literature and History: Rethinking Representations of the Regimes of Juan Manuel de Rosas and Juan Domingo Perón

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Rachel Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Literary Representations ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Juan Domingo Peron ◽  
Eva Peron

For many decades, Argentina’s former populist President Juan Domingo de Perón has been frequently compared with the infamous nineteenth-century Federalist dictator Juan Manuel de Rosas. The official liberal historical perspective postulates that the Perón government was the ‘second tyranny’, the first being the notorious Rosas regime, but this assertion is problematic. Despite the evident parallels to be drawn, both men’s zealous supporters and archenemies use the similarities to reinforce their own political agendas. This thesis explores the plausible comparisons between Argentina’s most polemical political leaders, focusing on the literary representations of both figures in a series of nineteenth and twentieth-century fictional and historical works. Studying Rosas and Perón is even more significant in view of the striking similarities between their wives, who were instrumental in elevating their husbands to long-term political supremacy. Both women assumed unofficial roles in their spouses’ administrations and one, namely Eva Perón, is arguably Argentina’s most celebrated political icon. The parallels between both men and women have – strangely – never undergone literary treatment. This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of the four most controversial political figures who have influenced much of the historiography of Argentina.

scholarly journals Kobieca cnota. Próba zrozumienia ewolucji znaczenia cnoty na przestrzeni wieków

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 83-102
Author(s):  
Beata Raszewska-Żurek
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Cultural Determinants ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Feminine Virtue

Feminine virtue. An attempt at understanding the evolution of the meaning of cnota (virtue) over the centuriesThe article is devoted to the evolution of the meaning of the Polish lexeme cnota (virtue) starting from the Old Polish to the present time. The starting point is the change in the meaning of the lexeme virtue from the ‘complex of ethical qualities’ in the Old Polish language to the ‘hymen’ in the twentieth century. From the beginning of the Polish language, the lexeme virtue contained a different catalogue of values in relation to men and women. Analysis concerned these meanings which referred to a woman and were related to the valuation not only of the virtue, but also of a woman in general, taking into consideration non-linguistic, social and cultural determinants. The material comes from historical and contemporary Polish language dictionaries. The studies also included the use of lexemes related to the lexem cnota (virtue), such as an adjective cnotliwy (virtuous) or a noun cnotka (would-be virgin, goody-goody), if they concerned the woman‘s virtue. The meaning of the lexeme virtue in relation to a woman was associated with virginity, chastity, considered as a key factor for determining the value of a woman. Such meaning, associated with a positive valuation of virtue persisted until the nineteenth century. In the twentieth century, the broad importance of the lexeme virtue has fallen into disuse, the meaning has been narrowed to ‘virginity’. Following this, in connection with social and customary changes, the virtue, already as ‘virginity’, lost its traditional high rating in the category of moral values.

STUDYING WOMEN AND GENDER IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Watson Andaya
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Women And Gender ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Complementary Relationship ◽  
Regional Characteristic ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender

Historians of Southeast Asia have begun to consider the history of women and gender relatively recently, even though the complementary relationship between men and women has long been cited as a regional characteristic. In the last twenty years or so the field has witnessed some important advances, most notably in the study of the twentieth century but also in the preceding periods as well. Generalizations advanced in the past are now being refined through a number of new case studies. The second half of this essay, surveying recent publications primarily in English, focuses on pre-twentieth century history, identifying the areas where research has been most productive and suggesting lines of inquiry that might be profitable in the future.

Women, Citizenship, and Sexuality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie C. Hawthorne
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
National Belonging ◽  
The Core ◽  
Gay Male ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Natalie Barney ◽  
Expatriate Women

Until well into the twentieth century, the claims to citizenship of women in the US and in Europe have come through men (father, husband); women had no citizenship of their own. The case studies of three expatriate women (Renée Vivien, Romaine Brooks, and Natalie Barney) illustrate some of the consequences for women who lived independent lives. To begin with, the books traces the way that ideas about national belonging shaped gay male identity in the nineteenth century, before showing that such a discourse was not available to women and lesbians, including the three women who form the core of the book. In addition to questions of sexually non-conforming identity, women's mediated claim to citizenship limited their autonomy in practical ways (for example, they could be unilaterally expatriated). Consequently, the situation of the denizen may have been preferable to that of the citizen for women who lived between the lines. Drawing on the discourse of jurisprudence, the history of the passport, and original archival research on all three women, the books tells the story of women's evolving claims to citizenship in their own right.

Beyond the Old Dichotomies to a New History of Capitalism: An Appreciative Critique of Robert C.H. Sweeny

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-101
Author(s):  
IAN MCKAY
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Economic History ◽  
General Question ◽  
History Of Capitalism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intellectual Journey

Robert C.H. Sweeny’s Why Did We Choose to Industrialize? offers readers enlightening quantitative case studies of the socio-economic history of nineteenth-century Montreal, linked by intriguing autobiographical sketches charting the author’s own intellectual journey. In this appreciate critique, I raise questions about the extent to which he has convincingly situated Montreal in the famous matrix of debates among Marxists about the transition from feudalism to capitalism, and suggest that in many respects the book, although convincing in many of its particulars, does not succeed in answering the general question posed by its title. Should debates about capitalism remain trapped in the unresolved (and likely unresolvable) twentieth-century debates pitting agency against structure?

Bloomer Girls

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra A. Shattuck
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
Gender Neutral ◽  
History Of ◽  
Blank Slate

This book is the first to document the transformation of America’s national pastime from a gender-neutral sport into a highly-gendered “man’s game.” For decades, most modern scholars of sport have assumed that baseball was, and always has been, a man’s game. Yet baseball began as a gender-neutral “blank slate” upon which adult men and women wrote their gendered narratives and then taught those narratives to their children. Baseball’s gendered future was never inevitable nor was it quickly solidified or uncontested. Every decade of the nineteenth century saw more girls and women playing and watching baseball than in previous decades. Yet the narrative of baseball as a man’s game gained momentum in each successive decade well into the twentieth century. The book describes the process through which the history of women baseball players became distorted by myth and misperception even as girls and women played on the same types of teams that boys and men did, including scholastic/collegiate, civic/pick-up, amateur/professional and factory teams. The book places the evolution of baseball’s gendered characterization into the broader context of American sport and culture, and describes how professional interests wrested control of the game’s institutional structures, culture, and social interactions from amateur interests.

“It’s Really Where Your Parents Were”

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
Missionary Children

This essay focuses on early twentieth-century missionary British world missionary children and their families to provide a point of comparison with an existing body of work on nineteenth-century missionary children. Through a case study approach, focusing on two Presbyterian missionary families (Scottish and New Zealand) and using both written and oral sources, it asks how we might usefully historicize their lives. The case studies indicate that early twentieth-century children’s historical lives were primarily framed within the religiously defined narratives of the missionary family—albeit narratives that varied depending on geographical, cultural, theological, and temporal contexts or with respect to points of family origin—and that these narratives were articulated differently from children’s and parents’ perspectives. While family is central to the analysis, the article makes a case for attending to the voices of both children and parents, within broader historiographical and historical contexts.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document