The Beginnings of Radiocarbon Dating in American Antiquity: A Historical Perspective

1985 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Human Species ◽  
American Antiquity ◽  
Profound Influence

Few archaeologists would dispute the suggestion that the introduction of 14C dating into archaeological research has had a profound influence on the way in which prehistoric studies are conducted. Glyn Daniel, for example, has gone so far as to rank the development of the 14C method in the twentieth-century with the discovery of the antiquity of the human species in the nineteenth-century (Daniel 1967:266). Despite the widespread acknowledgment of the significant role played by the 14C method in contemporary archaeological investigations, no comprehensive, critical, historical review of the specific intellectual history and substantive characteristics of this impact, particularly in American archaeology, has been published.

The End of Midterm Decline?

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-164
Author(s):  
Lex Renda
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
District Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Midterm Elections ◽  
Average Loss ◽  
Open Seat ◽  
The U.S

Variations in the loss of seats in the House of Representatives by the president's party in midterm elections between 1854 and 1998 are analyzed from a historical perspective. Whereas in the latter three-fourths of the nineteenth century the president's party lost, on average, 22% of its share of House seats, in the twentieth century the average loss was 13%. Using district-level data, the author attributes the problematization of “midterm decline” to the growing power of incumbency (a consequence of the development of the Australian ballot), the decline in the number of partisanly competitive districts in open-seat elections, and the limitation, since 1912, of the size of the U.S. House of Representatives.

‘Independence, Dependence, and Interdependence Day’

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
The Political ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Philosophical Thinking ◽  
Political Thinking ◽  
Finnegans Wake ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth

This chapter begins by reflecting on various reactions Joyce’s Finnegans Wake provoked during its long gestation, looking in detail at H. G. Wells, T. S. Eliot, Eugene Jolas, and C. K. Ogden. After explaining why it is important to consider the Wake’s place in intellectual history, it focuses on three traditions from which Joyce derived inspiration: the political thinking of the late nineteenth century, reflected in the writings of the Russian anarchist Léon Metchnikoff (1838–88); the linguistic thinking of the early twentieth century, as manifest in the work of the Danish linguist Otto Jespersen (1860–1943); and the philosophical thinking also of the early twentieth century, associated with the Austro-Hungarian journalist, novelist, and philosopher Fritz Mauthner (1849–1923). The chapter concludes by considering the Wake’s various lessons in reading, the centrality it accords to writing, and the bearing this has on how we think about language, culture, community, and the state.

scholarly journals Literature and History: Rethinking Representations of the Regimes of Juan Manuel de Rosas and Juan Domingo Perón

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Rachel Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Literary Representations ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Juan Domingo Peron ◽  
Eva Peron

For many decades, Argentina’s former populist President Juan Domingo de Perón has been frequently compared with the infamous nineteenth-century Federalist dictator Juan Manuel de Rosas. The official liberal historical perspective postulates that the Perón government was the ‘second tyranny’, the first being the notorious Rosas regime, but this assertion is problematic. Despite the evident parallels to be drawn, both men’s zealous supporters and archenemies use the similarities to reinforce their own political agendas. This thesis explores the plausible comparisons between Argentina’s most polemical political leaders, focusing on the literary representations of both figures in a series of nineteenth and twentieth-century fictional and historical works. Studying Rosas and Perón is even more significant in view of the striking similarities between their wives, who were instrumental in elevating their husbands to long-term political supremacy. Both women assumed unofficial roles in their spouses’ administrations and one, namely Eva Perón, is arguably Argentina’s most celebrated political icon. The parallels between both men and women have – strangely – never undergone literary treatment. This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of the four most controversial political figures who have influenced much of the historiography of Argentina.

Review Essay: The Lost Historiography of Liberalism

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey R. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Review Essay ◽  
Party Politics ◽  
Human Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Methodology ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
Crisis Of Liberalism

Near the start of her fascinating new book The Lost History of Liberalism, Helena Rosenblatt dryly observes that “available histories of liberalism are seldom helpful” (2). The point is well taken: the historiography of liberalism—largely written as intellectual history—is not particularly coherent, and has only sporadically adopted sound historical methodology. The genre emerged relatively late. The proliferation of the language of liberalism in the nineteenth century, not least in party politics, did not produce theoretically informed historical accounts of particular note. A historiography of liberalism really only developed in response to the perceived “crisis of liberalism” of the early twentieth century. Guido de Ruggiero's 1925 The History of European Liberalism was written in a Hegelian idealist tradition, according to which liberalism was an “organic development of freedom coinciding with the organization of human society and its progressively higher and more spiritual forms.” Coming from a different direction was Harold Laski's The Rise of European Liberalism: An Essay in Interpretation, published in 1936. Laski's liberalism was as much a “habit of mind” as a set of doctrines, with a complex history making both “clarity difficult” and “precision unattainable.” An essentialized understanding of liberalism was nevertheless still at work. Laski's liberalism was that the individualist, utilitarian mode of thought necessary to an emerging capitalist society. “The liberal creed, in a word,” he wrote, “is a doctrine woven from the texture of bourgeois need.”

scholarly journals Nuevas aportaciones sobre la cronología de los restos conservados de las murallas medievales de Almería (España)

X ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Orihuela Uzal
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Tenth Century ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
State Research ◽  
Research Plan ◽  
City Walls

New contributions on the chronology of the preserved remains of the medieval city walls of Almeria (Spain)The medieval city walls of Almeria have abundant references in Arabic sources and numerous preserved remains, either in all its elevation, or as small archaeological remains on the current slope and even under the ground. This circumstance has given rise to a lot of scientific literature on the chronology of each of the different existing precincts: Alcazaba, Medina, suburbs and outer enclosure. The problem lies in the fact that, since its foundation in the tenth century until the conquest by the Catholic Monarchs in 1489 and its reuse until the mid-nineteenth century, the medieval walls have undergone various repairs, extensions and reconstructions. In order to provide greater chronological precision, from the School of Arab Studies (CSIC), a Project of the State Research Plan was requested, which was granted with reference HAR2015-71609-P. It has allowed to make radiocarbon dating of wood and other building materials of the walls, in combination with studies of construction, metrological, historical techniques and restorations carried out since the mid-twentieth century. All this has allowed us to contribute new hypotheses about the chronology of the preserved remains, many of which are much more recent than the foundational walls that they have replaced.

Virginia Woolf’s Female Heritage: The Legacy of Anny Thackeray Ritchie, Woolf’s “Transparent Medium”

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Dell
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Transparent Medium ◽  
Literary Modernism ◽  
Liminal Space ◽  
Profound Influence ◽  
Lines Of Descent

Virginia Woolf holds an unassailable place in twentieth-century literary modernism. What has been insufficiently acknowledged, not least by Woolf herself, is the profound influence of legacies from her nineteenth-century extended family which helped to shape her as a writing woman. Highly significant are the lines of descent from Anny Thackeray Ritchie. I consider Woolf’s inheritance from Ritchie in part, given our location, by exploring their shared connections with Yorkshire. I suggest that Woolf’s response to Ritchie, and to her past in general, is characterised by ambivalence and paradox. Woolf resolves her conflicting cycles of affiliation and rejection by figuring Ritchie as a ‘transparent medium’, in liminal space, obscured but always present.

Nationalism and the Pan-historical Perspective in Early Middle Age Archaeology

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-442
Author(s):  
Csanád Bálint
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Worldwide Phenomenon

To the memory of Jurij Voronov archaeologist, Vice-Premier of Abkhazia murdered on 11 September 1995Nationalism is a most general and worldwide phenomenon, known at least since European antiquity. It is also present in archaeological research, more intensively indeed in Central and Eastern Europe than in its Western counterpart. It is mostly connected with national prehistory, and its basic questions concern ‘ancientness’, ‘previousness’ and a high(er) culture, which are always the issues put forth in a comparison with others. Its emergence becomes more direct when manipulating constructed histories. Yet a decrease of its overall influence may be expected in the long run. Panhistorism in archaeology partly stems from the overestimation of nineteenth- and early twentieth-century archaeological finds and was the view generally adopted by Soviet-type Marxism. Its aim is to render history useful for political manipulation. Its followers and advocates, however, are generally ill-informed about the methodological issues of research developed in the second half of twentieth century. We may, therefore, be somewhat more optimistic as to its impending disappearance.

The Life of the Dead: Karl Marx in Context

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
Peter C. Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Social Thought ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Actual Practice ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Dead

In Karl Marx: Greatness and Illusion, Gareth Stedman Jones draws a distinction between Marx’s nineteenth-century views and those of twentieth-century Marxism, which abandoned ideas of Marx that seemed outdated. Stedman Jones’ careful reconstruction of Marx’s philosophical, political, and economic thought in the context of the new social thought of the early nineteenth century, however, reveals aspects of Marx that returned to challenge official Marxism. In this respect, Stedman Jones’ conception of intellectual history as the careful placement of ideas in their historical context conflicts with his actual practice of intellectual history, which discovers challenges to the present in past debates.

Historically Speaking— the “New Mathematics” in Historical Perspective

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 579-585
Author(s):  
Howard Eves ◽  
F. Lynwood Wren
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Historical Perspective

There are probably very few teachers of mathematics today who have not been asked at least once the question: “What is the ‘new mathematics’?” In an effort to build an informative background on the evolution of mathematics as a serious study in our schools, one is almost compelled to review at least four periods of history. These four periods are (1) 300 B.C.; (2) the second quarter of the seventeenth century; (3) the second quarter of the nineteenth century; and (4) the four decades of the twentieth century from 1925 to 1965.

scholarly journals Foreword

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Gregor Pompe
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Perspective

Viewed from a historical perspective, the twentieth century appears to have largely broken with the fundamental traits that marked the nineteenth century. In some respects, however, certain specific characteristics were enhanced. This is particularly true of the emphasised subjectivism and the drive to innovate. Both of these premises arise from the Romantic desire for the characteristic, for that which is new each time and subjectively marked.

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