scholarly journals Effect of High Dose Resistant Starch on Human Glycemic Response

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma Tongyu ◽  
Lee Chong-Do
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Starch ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Glycemic Response

Effect of processing on the non-starch polysaccharides and in vitro starch digestibility of legumes / Efecto del procesado en el contenido de polisacáridos no amiláceos y la digestibilidad in vitro del almidón de legumbres

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bravo
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Starch Digestibility ◽  
Glycemic Response ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Digestion Rate ◽  
In Vitro Starch Digestibility ◽  
Industrial Processing

Dietary fiber content (as non-starch polysaccharides, NSP) and in vitro starch digestibility of legumes (beans, lentils, chickpeas and peas) present in the Spanish diet were determined. Raw, boiled and industrially processed legumes were analyzed, as well as legume dishes prepared according to tradi tional recipes or commercial canned meals. A reduction of total NSP was observed in cooked prepa rations probably due to the presence of other food ingredients. Soluble NSP increased in industrially processed legumes at the expense of the insoluble fraction. Significant amounts of resistant starch (RS) were detected in processed legumes. Industrial processing seemed to result in an increased in vitro starch digestibility with a higher starch digestion rate index (SDRI) in comparison with domes tic processing. Rapidly available glucose (RAG) in processed legumes, as a predictor of their poten tial glycemic response, showed differences depending on the type of legume and treatment. Gener ally pulses consumed as home-made meals had lower RAG values.

scholarly journals Glycemic Response to Two Doses of Resistant Starch Type 4: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial (P08-091-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor Steele ◽  
Clodualdo Maningat ◽  
Paul Seib ◽  
Mark Haub ◽  
Sara Rosenkranz
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Glycemic Response ◽  
Postprandial Glycemia ◽  
Standard Testing ◽  
Dose Response Effect ◽  
Peak Blood ◽  
Peak Blood Glucose

Abstract Objectives Resistant starches (RS) have a beneficial effect on glucose and insulin responses in the postprandial period following carbohydrate (CHO) consumption. In comparison to resistant starch types 1–3, there is little evidence investigating the effects of resistant starch type 4 (RS4) on these metabolic responses. The primary aim of the current study was to determine whether the glycemic response to a nutritional RS4 bar (RS4) was different compared to a puffed wheat bar (PWB), provided at the standard testing amount of 50 g available CHO and a lower dose of 30 g available CHO, thereby investigating a dose-response effect. Methods Apparently healthy adults (n = 15; 26.1 ± 4.8yrs) participated in this controlled randomized crossover trial. All participants completed six trials: 50 g dextrose control drink (50DEX), 30 g dextrose control drink (30DEX); and nutrition bars containing: 50 g available CHO of PWB or RS4 (50PWB; 50RS4), and 30 g available CHO PWB or RS4 (30PWB; 30RS4). Participants fasted for 10–12 hrs prior to each visit with a minimum 72hr washout period between trials. Blood glucose was measured via LDX Cholestech at baseline and 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min post consumption. Primary outcomes were determined using mixed-effects models in GraphPad Prism 8.0.1. Results Glucose incremental area under the curve (iAUC) was not significantly different between the 50 g conditions (P = 0.054). However, peak blood glucose was significantly lower in the 50RS4 condition compared to 50PWB and 50CON (P = 0.027; P = 0.004 respectively); and there was no difference between 50PWB and 50CON (P = 0.496). While 30RS4 and 30PWB glucose iAUCs were lower compared to 30CON (P = 0.002), there was no difference between 30RS4 and 30PWB (P = 0.48). Peak blood glucose was reduced for both 30PWB and 30RS4 when compared to 30CON (P = 0.005; P = 0.002 respectively), with no difference between 30 g CHO bars (P = 0.22). Conclusions These results indicate a potential dose-response effect for RS4 on postprandial glycemia. Specifically, at the 50 g available CHO standard testing amount, RS4 reduced peak blood glucose as compared to the 50PWB control. At the lower dose of available CHO, there was not a statistically significant beneficial effect for 30RS4 on postprandial glycemia. There may be a potential floor effect where RS4 has no further benefit when available CHO is low. Funding Sources MGP Ingredients Inc.

scholarly journals In Vitro Glycemic Response of Indigenous Pigmented Rice Cultivars from South India and Influence of Different Carbohydrate Components

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 815-828
Author(s):  
Ashrita C. Haldipur ◽  
N. Srividya
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Glycemic Response ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
White Rice ◽  
Pigmented Rice ◽  
Insoluble Dietary Fibre ◽  
Carbohydrate Components

Staple diet patterns such as white rice consumption play an important part in the occurrence of chronic lifestyle-related disease like diabetes. This study intended to identify pigmented rice cultivars from India as an alternative to white rice. Nine carbohydrate components were quantified in six red and two black pigmented rice varieties. In vitro starch digestibility was also analyzed and the predicted glycemic index (pGI) was estimated. The relationship between the carbohydrate components and the pGI of the rice varieties was analyzed. The rice varieties, Kattuyanam and Chennangi exhibited high levels of insoluble dietary fibre, total dietary fibre and amylose. High soluble dietary fibre contents were observed in Poonghar and Aruvadam kuruvai. The levels of resistant starch and slowly digestible starch were found to be the highest in Karupakavuni. The results indicated Kattuyanam, Chennangi, Karungkuruvai, and Poonghar to be low pGI rice varieties (< 55). The three varieties, Kesari, Karupakavuni, and Aruvadam kuruvai were categorized under the medium pGI category (56-69). Mapillai samba had a high pGI of 70 which could be due to processing (partially milled and parboiled), but had significantly lower pGI than the white rice, Sona masuri (GI – 76). The dietary fibre components, resistant starch, slowly digestible starch, and the amylose content were negatively correlated with the pGI. Among these components, the insoluble dietary fibre, total dietary fibre, and resistant starch with significantly high (p ≤0.01) correlation were found to be the major determining factors of pGI in the studied pigmented rice cultivars. The inclusion of the identified pigmented rice varieties with low to medium glycemic response in the diet could become a key role in the dietary management of diabetes, especially among the rice-eating population.

scholarly journals In vitro Digestibility Profiles of Different Types of Resistant Starch With Bioactive Guest Inhibitors

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 583-583
Author(s):  
Jiayue Guo ◽  
Alegna Reyes ◽  
Alyssa Gutierrez ◽  
Lingyan Kong
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Complexes ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Glycemic Response ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Potential Inhibitors

Abstract Objectives Retardation of starch digestion is an effective way of optimizing glycemic response. As the non-digestible portion of starch, resistant starch (RS) is associated with several beneficial effects such as regulating blood glucose level and improving gut health. Although all types of RS demonstrate such health benefits, different subtypes and structures may lead to variations in the digestibility profile. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the in vitro digestibility of type 2 RS (RS2), type 3 RS (RS3), and novel type 5 RS (RS5) produced by starch inclusion complexes with ascorbyl palmitate (AP) and palmitic acid (PA) as potential inhibitors or guest compounds. Methods Two RS2 samples (high amylose maize starch, HAMS; potato starch, PS) in both raw and cooked forms, and RS3 samples produced by retrogradation of the two starches were tested for in vitro enzymatic digestion. AP and PA were either added during the digestion of RS2 and RS3 samples as potential inhibitors or processed to form inclusion complexes with starch prior to digestion as guest compounds of RS5. Starch digestibility profiles, represented by rapidly digestible starch (RDS), slowly digestible starch (SDS), total digestible starch (TDS), and RS contents, were determined. Results Cooking significantly increased the digestibility of RS2, while retrogradation (formation of RS3) inhibited the digestion by increasing the SDS and RS contents. The addition of AP significantly inhibited the in vitro digestion of RS2 (both raw and cooked HAMS and PS) and RS3 (retrograded HAMS and PS). The digestibility profile of RS5 produced by forming starch inclusion complexes with AP and PA was comparable to that of RS3, which exhibited higher SDS and RS contents as compared to cooked RS2. Conclusions AP as a bioactive guest compound could inhibit the in vitro digestion of raw and cooked RS2 and RS3. RS5 produced by forming starch inclusion complexes with AP and PA presented comparable digestibility with RS3, and higher SDS and RS contents as compared to cooked RS2. Since raw RS2 is not normally consumed in daily life, RS3 and RS5 could serve as better choices for daily consumption. In addition, adding certain bioactive food components could compensate for RS loss, suggesting a practical way of modulating glycemic response. Funding Sources University of Alabama Emerging Scholar Program and Faculty Start-up Fund.

scholarly journals Resistant Starch Type 2 from Wheat Reduces Postprandial Glycemic Response with Concurrent Alterations in Gut Microbiota Composition

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 645
Author(s):  
Riley L. Hughes ◽  
William H. Horn ◽  
Peter Finnegan ◽  
John W. Newman ◽  
Maria L. Marco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Response ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Distal Intestine ◽  
Standard Breakfast

The majority of research on the physiological effects of dietary resistant starch type 2 (RS2) has focused on sources derived from high-amylose maize. In this study, we conduct a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial investigating the effects of RS2 from wheat on glycemic response, an important indicator of metabolic health, and the gut microbiota. Overall, consumption of RS2-enriched wheat rolls for one week resulted in reduced postprandial glucose and insulin responses relative to conventional wheat when participants were provided with a standard breakfast meal containing the respective treatment rolls (RS2-enriched or conventional wheat). This was accompanied by an increase in the proportions of bacterial taxa Ruminococcus and Gemmiger in the fecal contents, reflecting the composition in the distal intestine. Additionally, fasting breath hydrogen and methane were increased during RS2-enriched wheat consumption. However, although changes in fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations were not significant between control and RS-enriched wheat roll consumption, butyrate and total SCFAs were positively correlated with relative abundance of Faecalibacterium, Ruminoccocus, Roseburia, and Barnesiellaceae. These effects show that RS2-enriched wheat consumption results in a reduction in postprandial glycemia, altered gut microbial composition, and increased fermentation activity relative to wild-type wheat.

scholarly journals Effect Modification by the Gut Microbiota on Metabolic Response to Resistant Starch (RS) Wheat Supplementation (FS11-03-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riley Hughes ◽  
Maria Marco ◽  
Mary Kable ◽  
Nancy Keim
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Glycemic Response ◽  
Breath Hydrogen ◽  
Trial Duration ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber

Abstract Objectives The objective of the study is to determine whether features of individuals’ baseline gut microbiota modify the effect of a resistant starch (RS) intervention on post-prandial glycemic response and other metabolic markers that have been linked to gut microbial action (i.e., short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), bile acids, breath hydrogen/methane). Methods Metabolic responses and 16S rRNA gene data generated from a double-blind, placebo controlled, crossover clinical trial of RS and regular wheat will be used to investigate whether baseline features of the microbiota are correlated with inter-individual differences in the effect of RS supplementation in individuals. Women and men consumed 3 or 4 rolls per day, respectively, made from RS (14–18 g total dietary fiber, TDF) or conventional wheat (4–5.5 g TDF) for 7 days during each arm of the trial duration. Linear mixed models of glycemic response and features of the gut microbiota hypothesized to modify the effect of the intervention as well as covariates (e.g., gender, habitual fiber intake) will be used to determine microbiota features associated with improvement in glycemic response as a result of RS supplementation. Results A total of 30 healthy adults ages 40–65 will be studied and 25 have completed the study thus far. Of the metabolic variables analyzed to date, a significant amount of inter-individual variability in the magnitude and direction of postprandial glycemia and breath hydrogen responses to RS wheat supplementation. For example, the intra-class correlations (ICC) of post-prandial glucose and insulin area under the curve (AUC) were high, 42.07% and 52.86%, respectively. However, there was a significant overall effect of RS wheat on glycemic response such that postprandial insulin during RS supplementation was lower than during regular wheat consumption (P = 0.004). Conclusions The results of this study show a high degree of inter-individual variability in metabolic response to fiber (RS) supplementation, suggesting the presence of individual factors that modify the effect of the intervention. Future studies should incorporate this analysis into their statistical plan to validate these findings and contribute to the current literature on personalized nutrition and the gut microbiota. This will enable us to predict and potentially modify metabolic response to dietary components. Funding Sources Institute for Innovation and Health (IIFH) and Arcadia Biosciences. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

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