Methods for Determination of Oil and Grease Contents in Wastewater from the Petroleum Industry

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilma Cirne ◽  
◽  
Jaime Boaventura ◽  
Yuri Guedes ◽  
Elizabete Lucas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Residual Oil ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Oil Concentration

Infrared spectrometry and spectrofluorimetry methods were correlated in the measurement of oil concentration in produced water. Furthermore, we compared colorimetry and gravimetry techniques. Adsorption experiments were performed in synthetic oily wastewaters by polymer compounds based on poly(hydroxyethyl acrylamide and polypropylene. The residual oil content was used in the techniques correlation.

Uncertainty evaluation in the determination of oil and grease content in produced water by colorimetric method using Monte Carlo Simulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-442
Author(s):  
Elcio Cruz de Oliveira ◽  
César Luís Biazon ◽  
Rosana Medeiros Moreira ◽  
Pedro Lincoln de Souza Filho
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Uncertainty Evaluation ◽  
Oil And Grease

scholarly journals TRATAMENTO DE ÁGUA PRODUZIDA DE PETRÓLEO UTILIZANDO MICROFILTRAÇÃO

e-xacta ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Do Carmo ◽  
Thiago Luiz Alves Neto ◽  
Graziella Neves Oliveira ◽  
Vitorio Delogo de Castro ◽  
Katia Cecília de Souza Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Pressure Difference ◽  
Drop Size ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Microfiltration Membrane ◽  
The World ◽  
Oil Concentration

<p>A água produzida é um efluente inerente ao processamento do petróleo e estima-se que no mundo são produzidos diariamente cerca de 40 milhões de metros cúbicos deste efluente. Como o óleo se encontra emulsionado, a ampla faixa de tamanho de gotas dispersas dificulta a separação por métodos convencionais. Diante disso, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a capacidade do tratamento da água produzida empregando uma membrana de microfiltração de acetato de celulose e com uma emulsão simulando o efluente real com concentração de óleo de 200 mg.L<sup>-1</sup>. Foi obtido permeado com concentração de óleos e graxas de 9,63 mg.L<sup>-1</sup>, dentro do limite máximo mensal para descarte, operando com uma diferença de pressão de 0,14 bar. O resultado obtido indicou a eficácia da microfiltração para remoção do óleo presente na água produzida.</p><p> </p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Produced water is an effluent inherent in the processing of petroleum, and it is estimated that around 40 million cubic meters of water is produced daily in the world. Because the oil is emulsified, conventional separation processes have fail in removing the broad range of drop size. This work aimed the evaluation of treating water produced using cellulose acetate microfiltration membrane with an emulsion simulating the actual effluent with oil concentration of 200 mg.L<sup>-1</sup>. Oil and grease content in permeate was 9.63 mg.L<sup>-1</sup>, within the limit for disposal, with pressure difference of 0.14 bar. The results showed that the use of microfiltration was effective for removal of the oil present in the produced water.</p>

Produced Water Quality: The Effects of Different Separation Methods for Water and Chemical Floods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jawaher Almorihil ◽  
Aurélie Mouret ◽  
Isabelle Hénaut ◽  
Vincent Mirallès ◽  
Abdulkareem AlSofi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Formation Damage ◽  
Residual Oil ◽  
Separation Plant ◽  
Deep Bed Filtration ◽  
Separation Techniques ◽  
Gravity Settling

Abstract Gravity settling represents the main oil-water separation mechanism. Many separation plants rely only on gravity settling with the aid of demulsifiers (direct or reverse breakers) and other chemicals such as water clarifiers if they are required. Yet, other complementary separation methods exist including filtration, flotation, and centrifugation. In terms of results and more specifically with respect to the separated produced-water, the main threshold on its quality is the dispersed oil content. Even with zero discharge and reinjection into hydrocarbon formations, the presence of residual oil in the aqueous phase represents a concern. High oil content results into formation damage and losses in injectivity which necessitates formation stimulations and hence additional operational expenses. In this work, we investigated the effects of different separation techniques on separated water quality. In addition, we studied the impact of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) chemicals on the different separation techniques in terms of efficiency and water quality. Based on the results, we identified potential improvements to the existing separation process. We used synthetic well-characterized emulsions. The emulsions were prepared at the forecast water: oil ratio using dead crude oil and synthetic representative brines with or without the EOR chemicals. To clearly delineate and distinguish the effectiveness of different separation methods, we exacerbated the conditions by preparing very tight emulsions compared with what is observed on site. With that, we investigated three separation techniques: gravity settling, centrifugation, and filtration. First, we used Jar Tests to study gravity settling, then a benchtop centrifuge at two speeds to evaluate centrifugation potential. Finally, for filtration, we tested two options: membrane and deep-bed filtrations. Concerning the water quality, we performed solvent extraction followed by UV analyses to measure the residual oil content as well as light transmission measurements in order to compare the efficiency of different separation methods. The results of analyses suggest that gravity settling was not efficient in removing oil droplets from water. No separation occurred after 20 minutes in every tested condition. However, note that investigated conditions were severe, tighter emulsions are more difficult to separate compared to those currently observed in the actual separation plant. On the other hand, centrifugation significantly improved light transmission through the separated water. Accordingly, we can conclude that the water quality was largely improved by centrifugation even in the presence of EOR chemicals. In terms of filtration, very good water quality was obtained after membrane filtration. However, significant fouling was observed. In the presence of EOR chemicals, filtration lost its effectiveness due to the low interfacial tension with surfactants and water quality became poor. With deep-bed filtration, produced water quality remained good and fouling was no longer observed. However, the benefits from media filtration were annihilated by the presence of EOR chemicals. Based on these results and at least for our case study, we conclude that centrifugation and deep-bed filtration techniques can significantly improve quality of the separated and eventually reinjected water. In terms of the effects of EOR chemicals, the performance of centrifugation is reduced while filtrations are largely impaired by the presence of EOR chemicals. Thereby, integration of any of the two methods in the separation plant will lead to more efficient produced-water reinjection, eliminating formation damage and frequent stimulations. Yet, it is important to note that economics should be further assessed.

Determination of cadmium, cobalt, copper, lead, nickel and zinc contents in saline produced water from the petroleum industry by ICP OES after cloud point extraction

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (23) ◽  
pp. 9844-9849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco L. F. Silva ◽  
Wladiana O. Matos ◽  
Gisele S. Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Point ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Cloud Point Extraction ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Trace Element Analysis ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Lead Nickel ◽  
Copper Lead

Cloud point extraction for trace element analysis in samples of produced water.

Remote Sampler for Determining Residual Oil Content of Surface Waters

1973 ◽  
Vol 1973 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-144
Author(s):  
Paul Schatzberg ◽  
Drew F. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Flowing Water ◽  
Residual Oil ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Water Stream ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Simple Extraction ◽  
Sorbent Materials

ABSTRACT Residual oil contents of coastal and estuarine surface waters must be determined to establish an oil pollution data base, monitor changes in oil content with time and relate these changes to polluting sources. A simple flow-through device has been developed which, in conjunction with a skimmer and pump, can process 100 to 200 liters or more of surface water, removing any oil present in a separate phase. Thus concentrated, the oil can be extracted at a laboratory, its quantity and nature determined, and when related to the volume of water processed through the sampler, provide oil concentration data on a time-integrated basis. Key to the development of this device was identification of a sorbent material which would quantitatively remove oil from a moving water stream and permit simple extraction of that oil in a laboratory. A laboratory apparatus was designed to generate a flowing water stream containing parts per million (ppm) quantities of oil. A number of sorbent materials were examined with this apparatus and several were found effective. Effort was concentrated on the most promising one. Experiments showed that 5–25 ppm oil in a flowing water stream is quantitatively absorbed by the sorbent. The concentrated oil is easily removed from the sorbent with carbon tetrachloride used as solvent and a Soxhlet extractor. The sorbent is regenerated by this process and can be reused many times. Concentration of the extracted oil is determined by infrared spectrophotometry.

Determination of oil content in oil modified o-phthalic polyester resins by infrared spectrometry

1979 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Vance ◽  
N. Bradford. Brakke ◽  
Paul R. Quinney
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Polyester Resins

Produced Water Quality: the Effects of Different Separation Methods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jawaher Almorihil ◽  
Aurélie Mouret ◽  
Isabelle Hénaut ◽  
Vincent Mirallés ◽  
Abdulkareem AlSofi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Formation Damage ◽  
Residual Oil ◽  
Separation Plant ◽  
Deep Bed Filtration ◽  
Separation Techniques ◽  
Gravity Settling

Abstract Gravity settling represents the main oil-water separation mechanism. Many separation plants rely only on gravity settling with the aid of demulsifiers (direct or reverse breakers) and others chemicals such as water clarifiers if they are required. Yet, other complementary separation methods exist including filtration, flotation, and centrifugation. In terms of results and more specifically with respect to the separated produced-water, the main threshold on its quality is the dispersed oil content. Even with zero discharge and reinjection into hydrocarbon formations, the presence of residual oil in the aqueous phase represents a concern. High oil content results into formation damage and losses in injectivity which necessitates formation stimulations and hence additional operational expenses. In this work, we investigated the effects of different separation techniques on separated water quality. Based on the results, we identified potential improvements to the existing separation process. We used synthetic well-characterized emulsions. The emulsions were prepared at the forecast water:oil ratio using dead crude oil and synthetic representative brine. To clearly delineate and distinguish the effectiveness of different separation methods, we exacerbated the conditions by preparing very tight emulsions compared with what is observed on site. With that, we investigated three separation techniques: gravity settling, centrifugation, and filtration. First, we used jar tests to study gravity settling, then a benchtop centrifuge at two speeds to evaluate centrifugation potential. Finally, for filtration, we tested two options: membrane and deep-bed filtrations. Concerning the water quality, we performed solvent extraction followed by UV analyses to measure the residual oil content as well as light transmission measurements in order to compare the efficiency of different separation methods. The results of analyses suggest that gravity settling was not efficient in removing oil droplets from water. No separation occurred after 20 minutes in every tested condition. However, note that investigated conditions were severe, tighter emulsions are more difficult to separate compared to those currently observed in the actual separation plant. On the other hand, centrifugation significantly improved light transmission through the separated water. Accordingly, we can conclude that the water quality was largely improved by centrifugation. In terms of filtration, very good water quality was obtained after membrane filtration. However, significant fouling was observed. With deep-bed filtration, produced water quality remained good and fouling was no longer observed. On the basis of those results, we conclude that for our case study, centrifugation and deep-bed filtration techniques can significantly improve quality of the separated and eventually reinjected water. Thereby, integration of any of the two methods in the separation plant will lead to more efficient produced-water reinjection, eliminating formation damage and frequent stimulations. Yet, it is important to note that economics should be further assessed.

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