scholarly journals Science and social control: the institutionalist movement in American economics, 1918-1947

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Rutherford
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Scientific Methodology ◽  
World War ◽  
Key Participants ◽  
New Instruments

This paper deals with the concepts of science and social control to be found within interwar institutional economics. It is argued that these were central parts of the institutionalist approach to economics as the key participants in the movement defined it. For institutionalists, science was defined as empirical, investigational, experimental, and instrumental. Social control was defined in terms of the development of new instruments for the control of business to supplement the market mechanism. The concepts of science and social control were joined via John Dewey's pragmatic and instrumental philosophy. These ideas provided important links to the ideals of foundations, such as Rockefeller, and thus to access to research funding. Institutionalist concepts of science and social control were, however, displaced after World War II by Keynesian policy and positivist ideas of scientific methodology.

Social Control and the Volksschule in Vormärz Prussia

1983 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Barkin
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Economic History ◽  
National Socialism ◽  
German History ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pre World War Ii

The ascension to power and twelve-year rule of National Socialism has had an enormous and continuing impact on the writing of German history. Since the early fifties, the leitmotiv of scholarship has been the search for the origins of Nazi successes in the peculiarities of Germany's or rather Prussia's history in the nineteenth century. Even with the emergence of social and economic history in the late sixties, the task of unearthing National Socialism's roots remained unchanged, although the tools altered and a more sophisticated strategy was adopted. A pervasive tendency developed to view all contemporary institutions as props of the authoritarian Prussian regime. Whereas pre–World War II scholarship glorified the Prussian past uncritically, the past two decades have witnessed across-the-board condemnation.

scholarly journals The Politics of Funding: The Rockfeller Foundation and French Economics, 1945-1955

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Benest
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Rockefeller Foundation ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Research Centers ◽  
World War ◽  
The Social ◽  
Training And Research ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Economic Training

Following World War II, the director of the Social Sciences Division at the Rockefeller Foundation, the industrial economist Joseph H. Willits, thought it important to extend its activities to Europe, especially France. His agenda was to strengthen institutional economics and to create modern research centers with a view to stabilizing the political situation. In the postwar decade, almost all economic research centers in France were funded by the Foundation, which helped provide greater autonomy to French economists within academia, but failed to reshape French economic training and research.

scholarly journals Prescribing Sound: Willem Van de Wall and the Carceral Origins of American Music Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 109-132
Author(s):  
J. Martin Vest
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Music Therapy ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
American Music ◽  
World War ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Psychiatric Institutions ◽  
Class Hierarchies ◽  
Bourgeois Modernity

From 1921 until 1936, musician Willem Van de Wall pioneered the modern use of therapeutic music in American prisons and psychiatric institutions. His therapy was steeped in the methods and philosophy of social control, and after World War II, it shaped the professionalizing field of music therapy. Van de Wall's influence reveals an overlooked connection between modern clinical practice and the techniques of control employed in prisons and psychiatric hospitals of the early twentieth century. Given music therapy's broader impact as an element of postwar self-help culture, its relationship to social control practices also disrupts longstanding scholarly ideas about the so-called “therapeutic ethos.” The therapeutic ethos did not originate solely in efforts by the middle classes to adjust to bourgeois modernity. The case of music therapy suggests that some elements of “therapeutic culture” were always coercive and always directed toward the maintenance of race, gender, and class hierarchies.

The Informal Social Control of Business in Britain: 1880–1939

1983 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Boswell
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Informal Social Control ◽  
World War ◽  
The Public

Professor Boswell here discusses how informal social control was exercised over business conduct in the six decades from 1880 to World War II. He seeks to explain why some firms were more responsive to the public than others.

From Morality to Madness: A Reappraisal of the Asylum Movement in Psychiatry 1800–1940

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Kosky
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Control ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of

This essay outlines the history of the asylum movement in psychiatry, but from a somewhat different angle than usual. It attempts to delineate the historical interactions between perceptions of morality and of madness. Changes in these interactions relate to the rise of the asylum movement, around 1800, and its demise, just after World War II. I argue that, whilst insanity was defined against the rational, secular morality of the eighteenth century, it could be separated from immorality and put aside into its asylum. Once mechanistic science and medical scientism began, during the nineteenth century, to include immorality in the systems of disease, the distinction could not hold. The asylums became flooded with the immoral, and management became custodial and nihilistic. This nexus was broken when the asylums were defined, by a few revolutionary superintendents, as instruments of social control. Nevertheless, intellectual paradigms derived from asylum psychiatry persist.

Afterword

2021 ◽  
pp. 202-218
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Human Engineering ◽  
Intensive Study ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of

This chapter includes an interview with Rebecca Lemov on the history of anthropological collaboration. It discusses Lemov's dissertation on the history of collaborations created by anthropologists in the 1930s and 1940s that became known as the Human Relations Area Files. It also describes Lemov's work as a dream of achieving social control or human engineering through an advanced behaviorism via advanced behaviorist design. The chapter mentions Coordinated Investigation of Micronesian Anthropology, recognized as CIMA and SILA, which was done in Latin America during World War II as some of Lemov's projects. It talks about the Harvard Department of Social Relations Five Cultures project, which was an intensive study of five neighboring demarcated cultures in Ramah, New Mexico.

Modernism and World War II

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina MacKay
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War
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