Formation and improvement of economic knowledge of labor resources as one of the most important areas of training professional personnel

This article discusses issues related to the need for constant formation and improvement of economic knowledge of labor resources. The main directions of development of financial literacy of employees of an enterprise (organization) are given. The position of improving the special economic knowledge of civil servants, in particular, employees of the departments of the electronic safety and industrial complex is substantiated. In the course of the study, it is concluded that the economic training of any category of labor resources is one of the main factors in increasing the level of economic potential of any state as a whole.

The Politics of Funding: The Rockfeller Foundation and French Economics, 1945-1955

Following World War II, the director of the Social Sciences Division at the Rockefeller Foundation, the industrial economist Joseph H. Willits, thought it important to extend its activities to Europe, especially France. His agenda was to strengthen institutional economics and to create modern research centers with a view to stabilizing the political situation. In the postwar decade, almost all economic research centers in France were funded by the Foundation, which helped provide greater autonomy to French economists within academia, but failed to reshape French economic training and research.

La COVID-19 evidencia la necesidad de incrementar las competencias en economía de los estudiantes de veterinaria

La pandemia Covid-19 ha motivado la adopción de medidas excepcionales en todo el mundo, a efectos de limitar los contagios y el colapso de los sistemas sanitarios. El cierre de comercios y otras actividades consideradas no esenciales, o las limitaciones al movimiento, ha generado un impacto económico en el sector de los pequeños rumiantes, poniendo de manifiesto la necesidad del profesional veterinario de disponer de las competencias necesarias para valorar económicamente el impacto de las enfermedades en los colectivos. Este trabajo analiza, en primer lugar, la formación en economía que reciben los estudiantes del Grado de Veterinaria en las diferentes facultades españolas, comparándola con la que reciben los estudiantes en el Grado de Ingeniería Agrícola. En segundo lugar, se ha diseñado una encuesta para egresados y estudiantes de último curso de veterinaria, en referencia a este tipo de competencias, su aplicación en la sanidad animal y su repercusión en el desempeño profesional. Los datos evidencian que el tiempo empleado para adquirir las competencias en economía de los veterinarios es menor (3-6 créditos en 5 años) que el que disponen los ingenieros agrícolas (12 créditos en 4 años). Los resultados de la encuesta revelan que, si bien se registran diferencias significativas cuantitativamente entre egresados y estudiantes, ambos grupos coinciden en la escasa formación recibida para valorar el impacto de las enfermedades en los colectivos, así como en la necesidad de formarse en aspectos de gestión económica una vez finalizados sus estudios de grado para el desempeño de su labor profesional, competencias que deberían ser reforzadas en el grado. Entre los egresados, la opinión es similar, independientemente de los años de desempeño profesional. The Covid-19 pandemic led to extreme control measures around the world aiming to halting the number of new infections. Non-essential activities closures and population confinement had an economic impact on the small ruminant sector, highlighting the need for veterinarians to have some skills to assess the economic impact of diseases on flocks. Firstly, this study analyzed the economic training received by the veterinary students at the Spanish faculties, also comparing it with the ones received by students of the agricultural engineering degree. Secondly, a survey in reference to the acquisition of this type of competences and its application for animal health was designed and applied for graduates and final-year veterinary students. The data showed that the ECTS taken to acquire the economic skills of veterinarians is less (3-6 ECTS in 5 years) than that of agricultural engineers (12 ECTS in 4 years). The results of the survey also showed that, although there are significant differences between graduates and students, both them are largely in agreement on the little training received to assess the impact of diseases, and on the need for an additional training after completing their studies. Therefore, these skills should be reinforced in the degree. Among the graduates, the opinion is similar, regardless of the years of professional experience.

The Market Pricing Issues in the Courses of Fundamental Economic Disciplines at Ukrainian HEIs

In the context of market economy in Ukraine, specialists should know the essence of market self-regulation: economic laws, the effect of a market mechanism, market pricing. Such information is given by fundamental (theoretical) economic disciplines, the courses of which in the higher education institutions of Ukraine must be really thought out. When choosing a model of transition from planned to market pricing and in subsequent pricing policy, there was a lag in economic theory and insufficient economic training of specialists as to issues of market pricing, which was chosen as the object of research. The article examines the market pricing materials in the courses of fundamental economic disciplines, textbooks and manuals. According to the results of research, the following conclusions are drawn: in textbooks and manuals on political economy there is not enough information on economic pricing laws, the effect of the market mechanism (only the first two economic laws are mentioned). It is proposed to systematically teach all seven economic pricing laws: their essence, effects, relationship and distribution according to the economic systems of society. The authors have developed the model «Market mechanism effect. Economic pricing laws». In the course of political economy, it is advisable to study not only the industrial market economy, but also the post-industrial information and network economy, the patterns of which are not yet properly known and are fundamentally different. In the course of microeconomics, attention should be paid to the markets of imperfect competition, where a company can influence the price, namely: the markets of monopolistic competition. More attention should be paid to the elasticity of demand in order to develop an effective pricing policy of the company. In the course of macroeconomics, special attention should be paid to keynesian theory, which, unlike neoclassical, correctly considers the markets of goods, services, labor, money imperfectly competitive markets, and their prices not completely flexible (crunch effect). A comparative analysis of political economy and economics is carried out and a conclusion is made about the priority of political economy, which is paid more attention. The fallacy of the trend of displacement of applied fundamental economic disciplines in Ukraine, which are the basis for economic policy, is substantiated. Proposed: economists-theorists shold be trained at HEIs separately; to strengthen the economic training of higher education applicants regarding not only economic, but also non-economic specialties, which will ensure optimal unity of empirical, theoretical and applied knowledge, as well as the possibility of creative approach to understanding the role of economic theory in planning opportunities for personal professional development.

Improving the system of name and symbol criteria in the textbooks and lectures materials for economic training, Hanoi University of Minning and Geology

The article mentioned a problem that has not been paid much attention in fact, but according to the authors, is the urgency and significance in standardizing and improving the quality of textbooks and lectures. and other general university learning materials, that is, the standardization and unification of names and symbols of criteria. Through analysis of typical cases, the article pointed out the inadequacies in the system of criteria in terms of names and symbols; causes; build organizational principles and processes from which to improve.

THE PURPOSE, TASKS AND OVERALL STRUCTURE OF FUTURE ENGINEERS’ ECONOMIC TRAINING IN THE TERMS OF NEO-INDUSTRIALIZATION

In the article the purpose of future engineer's economic training in the terms of simultaneous transformation of the socio-economic system from the command-administrative model to the market one and the implementation of the strategy of neo-industrialization of the national economy is formulated as the forming of the creator personality who is capable to initiate and to lead the designing of technical objects and systems which economic properties are provide them with competitive advantages in a neo-industrial economy.It has been substantiated the necessity to bring in conformity the content of future engineers' economic training to the tasks of forming: the system of scientific knowledge about the basic laws of a market economy; a holistic view of the structure and trends of the relevant economic sector as a subsystem of the global economy; the possession of general economic methodology of cognition and ability to identify, analyze, evaluate economic objects and processes; the understanding of the links between technical, environmental, sociological and other socio-significant and economic factors and the ability to assess their impact on the efficiency of industrial production and the impact of the production process on the society and the environment; the awareness of own socio-economic role as a specialist, the ability to choose a strategy of professional self-realization in market conditions and professional qualities that promote the adaptation of the individual to a market economy environment. It has been proved that the achievement of the goals and objectives of economic training of students of engineering and technical specialties at the present stage of the national economy development is possible only by means of systemic economic training. In the content of which entrepreneurship is considered not in isolation, but as a typical phenomenon for a market economy.

TECHNOLOGICAL PREPARATION OF PRODUCTION

Technological preparation of production (CCI) is a set of interconnected processes that ensure the technological readiness of an enterprise to produce a product of a given level of quality at a specified time, volume of production and costs. Technological preparation of production consists of several stages: design of technology, organizational and economic training. Purpose of the article: Organization of technological preparation of the production process for the manufacture of the workpiece details "Frame 3V". In the work, an analysis of the manufacturability of the design is to be performed, the official purpose of the part is described and the grade of the material of the part is characterized. To develop a technological process for the manufacture of this part with an indication of the processing methods, create a statement of the technological process equipment and organize a frame manufacturing site. In addition, it is necessary to draw up terms of reference for the design of the fixture and tool. At enterprises with single and small-scale production, decentralized preparation of production is used, since a one-off production is carried out.