A History of Ambiguity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Ossa-Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Greek Tragedy ◽  
Expressive Power ◽  
Moral Theology ◽  
Biblical Exegesis ◽  
German Philosophy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Multiple Meanings ◽  
The Many ◽  
Insight Into

Ever since it was first published in 1930, William Empson's Seven Types of Ambiguity has been perceived as a milestone in literary criticism—far from being an impediment to communication, ambiguity now seemed an index of poetic richness and expressive power. Little, however, has been written on the broader trajectory of Western thought about ambiguity before Empson; as a result, the nature of his innovation has been poorly understood. This book remedies this omission. Starting with classical grammar and rhetoric, and moving on to moral theology, law, biblical exegesis, German philosophy, and literary criticism, the book explores the many ways in which readers and theorists posited, denied, conceptualised, and argued over the existence of multiple meanings in texts between antiquity and the twentieth century. This process took on a variety of interconnected forms, from the Renaissance delight in the ‘elegance’ of ambiguities in Horace, through the extraordinary Catholic claim that Scripture could contain multiple literal—and not just allegorical—senses, to the theory of dramatic irony developed in the nineteenth century, a theory intertwined with discoveries of the double meanings in Greek tragedy. Such narratives are not merely of antiquarian interest: rather, they provide an insight into the foundations of modern criticism, revealing deep resonances between acts of interpretation in disparate eras and contexts. The book lays bare the long tradition of efforts to liberate language, and even a poet's intention, from the strictures of a single meaning.

scholarly journals The Monobloc Chair: Democratising the Practice of Sitting

Res Mobilis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
Carsten Kullmann
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Multiple Meanings ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Middle Ages

This article examines the cultural history of chairs to understand the many meanings the Monobloc can acquire. The history of chairs is traced from post nomadic culture through the Middle Ages to the Enlightenment period and the French Revolution. Subsequently, I will examine the Monobloc from a Cultural Studies perspective and demonstrate how its unique characteristics allow multiple meanings, which are always dependent on context and discourse. Thus, the Monobloc becomes an utterly democratic symbol of popular culture that can be appropriated for any use.

scholarly journals Sir Robert Geoffrey Edwards CBE. 27 September 1925 — 10 April 2013

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 81-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sir Richard Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
Human Reproduction ◽  
Significant Advance ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Early Human Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
Early Human ◽  
Insight Into

Robert Geoffrey Edwards was fiercely proud of his Yorkshire origin. After a faltering start to his academic career, he developed an extraordinary aptitude for original research, which he pursued with energy, enthusiasm and dedication that very few could match. He pioneered the most significant advance in the history of treating human infertility, established proof of principle for preimplantation diagnosis of genetic disease, and was the first to advocate the use of spare embryos as a source of stem cells for regenerative medicine. He not only promoted a better understanding of early human development, but he also provided invaluable insight into the many ethical issues raised by such work. Moreover, he played a key role in establishing both an international learned society and serving as editor of several journals devoted to the study of human reproduction and embryology.

scholarly journals The "Face with Tears of Joy" Emoji. A Socio-Semiotic and Multimodal Insight into a Japan-America Mash-Up

2016 ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Moschini
Keyword(s):  
Digital Culture ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Multimodal Approach ◽  
Sign Systems ◽  
Digital Discourse ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
First Time ◽  
Insight Into

 The blog site of the Oxford Dictionaries features a post dated November 16 2015, which announces that, “for the first time ever”, their “Word of the Year” is not a word, but a pictograph: the “Face with Tears of Joy” emoji. The term emoji, which is a loanword from Japanese, identifies “a small digital image or icon used to express an idea or emotion in electronic communication” (OED 2015). The sign was chosen since it is the item that “best reflected the ethos, mood, and preoccupations of 2015”. Indeed, the Oxford Dictionaries’ President, Caspar Grathwohl declared that emojis are “an increasingly rich form of communication that transcends linguistic borders” and reflects the “playfulness and intimacy” of global digital culture. Adopting a socio-semiotic multimodal approach, the present paper aims at decoding the many semantic and semiotic layers of the 2015 “Word of the Year”, with a special focus on the context of cultures out of which it originates. More in detail, the author will focus on the concept of translation as “transduction”, that is the movement of meaning across sign systems (Kress 1997), in order to map the history of this ‘pictographic word’ from language to language, from culture to culture, from niche discursive communities to the global scenario. Indeed, the author maintains that this ‘pictographic word’ is to be seen as a marker of the mashing up of Japanese and American cultures in the discursive practices of geek communities, now gone mainstream thanks to the spreading of digital discourse.  

The zoology of the Voyage au pôle sud et dans l'Océanie sur les corvettes I'Astrolabe et la Zélée exécuté par ordre du rol pendant les années 1837–1838 –1839–1840 sous le commandement de M. Dumontd'Urville (1842–1854): titles, volumes, plates, text, contents, proposed dates and anecdotal history of the publication

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL F. CLARK ◽  
ALAIN CROSNIER
Keyword(s):  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
British Library ◽  
International Code ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
Insight Into

The Atlas d'Histoire Naturelle, Zoologie by Hombron and Jacquinot of the Voyage au pôle sud et dans l'Océanie sur les corvettes l'Astrolabe et la Zélée exécuté par ordre du roi pendant les années 1837–1838–1839–1840 sous le commandement de M. Dumont-d'Urville (1842–1854) comprises 40 plates. These plates were distributed in 28 livraisons published between 1842 and 1854, and their publication dates are unknown. Consequently the indication dates of the new zoological species described in the 3 text volumes, (vol. III: 1853; vol. IV: 1853; vol. V: 1854) have taken priority. But according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1985), binomial named plates constitute a valid indication. The contents of the 28 livraisons are listed. Although an objective of this present study was to provide publication dates for the Atlas plates, the establishment of precise dates is considered unlikely. This paper proposes that date-stamps on the Atlas in the British Library should be adopted as dates of publication. Evidence supporting this decision is provided, including an anecdotal history of the voyage publication, which generates insight into the reasons for the many delays experienced during the production of the zoology Atlas and descriptive text.

scholarly journals Spekulationsfeber. Finansielle fiktioner i Émile Zolas "Penge"

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (71) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Høxbro Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Financial Capitalism ◽  
Gyorgy Lukacs ◽  
Insight Into

Michael Høxbro Andersen: “Speculation Fever. Financial Fiction in Émile Zola’s Money”One of the many French novels from the latter half of the 19th century that describes the stock exchange is Émile Zola’s Money from 1899. This article focuses on the two stylistic devises that Zola uses to describe stock market speculation: long, elaborated descriptions and metaphors. The article suggests that these devices cannot simply be read as Zola’s inability to grasp the abstract reality of financial capitalism. Against such a classical Marxist reading, expressed in different ways by György Lukács and Theodor W. Adorno, the article argues that Zola’s metaphors express an insight into the cyclic and entropic history of financial capitalism.

scholarly journals A theoretical and methodological foundation for In My Mother's Kitchen

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javiera Quintana
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Political Activism ◽  
Migrant Women ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Disciplinary Boundaries ◽  
Methodological Foundation ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Many ◽  
Insight Into

"My project is an exploration of family history, cultural identity, the immigrant experience, and autobiography, presented in the form of a cookbook. This collection of recipes is centred on my mother, Margarita Quintana and the recipes acquired and developed during her life. I use the backdrop of the kitchen as a setting to connect the many stages of her life both in Chile and in Canada and also to explore how the kitchen connects my mother, my grandmother, and me. While Margarita's experience is unique, it helps provide much needed insight into the lives and processes of migrant women on a larger scale. Using this recipe book, I tell the story of Margarita Quintana, and how she fits into a larger cultural, political, and genealogical context. Margarita Quintana is a Chilean immigrant and a Canadian with a history of social and political activism. She is also a mother, a social worker, a university graduate, a host parent for international students and a psychotherapist in training. Her life is heavily shaped by her upbringing in a working class family in Chile, in a domestically abusive household, and as a surrogate caregiver to her four siblings. Margarita's experiences connect the stories of three generations of women in our family across two continents. My paper provides a methodological and theoretical framework for the project. In the first section, I explain my epistemology, methodology, and research methods. In the second section, I provide an extensive review of the literature surrounding food in relation to identity, culture, gender, and memory. These readings span across disciplinary boundaries including anthropology, Sociology, cultural studies, and gender studies"--From Introduction, pages 1-2.

DMITRY CHIZHEVSKY`S CONCEPT OF ROMANTICISM AND CANONS OF THE SOVIET LITERARY CRITICISM

2019 ◽  
pp. 70-78
Author(s):  
Tetyana Bovsunivska
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
German Idealism ◽  
Romantic Literature ◽  
Historical Continuity ◽  
Revolutionary Romanticism ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Masses

The article talks about the role of D. Chyzhevsky in redefining the paradigm of Ukrainian romanticism, since Soviet canons are still being explored in his theory and history. In particular, emphasis was placed on confronting such ideological basis as: avoiding any mysticism; refusal of psycho-intimate immersion; the imposition of revolutionary and democratic tendencies; pan-realism; the militant nature of romanticism and the genesis of its origins from German idealism. Chizhevsky proposed instead: the recognition of the heart as the center of romantic aesthetics; peculiarity and singularity of Ukrainian romantic philosophy; syncretic ideology instead of “militancy”; giving preference to the psychological and intuitive space in romanticism; nationally creative potency and oneiric and mystical poetry. Among the main features of “Ukrainian romanticism” is: 1) the identification of interest in the figure and philosophy of G. Skovoroda, that is, the historical continuity of ideas, and, therefore, the inconvenience of the emergence of romanticism; 2) the birth of Ukrainian romantic literature is connected with the development of a certain ideology that belongs to the masses and spiritualized them; 3) nationality is a cross-cutting feature of romantic literature; 4) the cult of antiquity; 5) the desire to get closer to the ideal of “complete” literature, create the relations with other literatures, etc. D. Chyzhevsky distinguished three schools of Ukrainian romanticism: Kiev, Kharkiv and Western Ukraine. Considered the representatives of the Ukrainian school of romanticism in Russia and Poland. He gave the motivation of A. Metlynsky’s work, outside the categories of reactionary and revolutionary romanticism (as well as other personalities). He emphasized the role of “History of Rus” and “Zaporozhian old days” to form a romantic historical vision, that is, the principle of historicism; and considered the most expressive of the many receptions of romanticism. Constantly stressed the tendency of romantics to God. The books of D. Chyzhevsky went to the Ukrainian reader long and hard, however, time sets its emphasis, neglecting all authority, because only the future knows what it will need for a new world.

scholarly journals A theoretical and methodological foundation for In My Mother's Kitchen

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javiera Quintana
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Political Activism ◽  
Migrant Women ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Disciplinary Boundaries ◽  
Methodological Foundation ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Many ◽  
Insight Into

"My project is an exploration of family history, cultural identity, the immigrant experience, and autobiography, presented in the form of a cookbook. This collection of recipes is centred on my mother, Margarita Quintana and the recipes acquired and developed during her life. I use the backdrop of the kitchen as a setting to connect the many stages of her life both in Chile and in Canada and also to explore how the kitchen connects my mother, my grandmother, and me. While Margarita's experience is unique, it helps provide much needed insight into the lives and processes of migrant women on a larger scale. Using this recipe book, I tell the story of Margarita Quintana, and how she fits into a larger cultural, political, and genealogical context. Margarita Quintana is a Chilean immigrant and a Canadian with a history of social and political activism. She is also a mother, a social worker, a university graduate, a host parent for international students and a psychotherapist in training. Her life is heavily shaped by her upbringing in a working class family in Chile, in a domestically abusive household, and as a surrogate caregiver to her four siblings. Margarita's experiences connect the stories of three generations of women in our family across two continents. My paper provides a methodological and theoretical framework for the project. In the first section, I explain my epistemology, methodology, and research methods. In the second section, I provide an extensive review of the literature surrounding food in relation to identity, culture, gender, and memory. These readings span across disciplinary boundaries including anthropology, Sociology, cultural studies, and gender studies"--From Introduction, pages 1-2.

The State of Research in American Theatre History

1981 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
Walter J. Meserve
Keyword(s):  
General Condition ◽  
The State ◽  
Theatre History ◽  
Popular Entertainment ◽  
American Theatre ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
The Many ◽  
American Theatre History ◽  
Insight Into

In the “last analysis” the concern must always be for insight. Saul Bellow made it a demand: “Now I want insight.” So, too, should the reader of theatre history. Unfortunately, in the vast majority of recently published material on American theatre history that demand is not being met. Among the many young scholars researching and writing on this subject, few appear even to aspire to that mastery of the material which will produce major scholarship. The old guard persists, but today's youthful historians of American theatre tend toward an annual birth and death pattern rather than perennial growth. Obviously, such an observation should not be construed as an adverse criticism of all existing scholarship; yet, it does describe a general condition of research in American theatre history. There are surveys, general observations, memoirs, descriptions, expository and critical essays on various topics, studies of theatres and playwrights, essays on popular entertainment and ethnic or racial theatre. Some of these publications contribute meaningfully to an understanding of American theatre; few, however, suggest insight into the history of that theatre.

A 200-Year History of the Study of Childhood Language Disorders of Unknown Origin: Changes in Terminology

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence B. Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Language Disorders ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Developmental Language Disorder ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many

Purpose The current “specific language impairment” and “developmental language disorder” discussion might lead to important changes in how we refer to children with language disorders of unknown origin. The field has seen other changes in terminology. This article reviews many of these changes. Method A literature review of previous clinical labels was conducted, and possible reasons for the changes in labels were identified. Results References to children with significant yet unexplained deficits in language ability have been part of the scientific literature since, at least, the early 1800s. Terms have changed from those with a neurological emphasis to those that do not imply a cause for the language disorder. Diagnostic criteria have become more explicit but have become, at certain points, too narrow to represent the wider range of children with language disorders of unknown origin. Conclusions The field was not well served by the many changes in terminology that have transpired in the past. A new label at this point must be accompanied by strong efforts to recruit its adoption by clinical speech-language pathologists and the general public.

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