State Formation, Social Change, and the Division of Power

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sverre Bagge
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
State Formation ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
New Towns ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church ◽  
Central Level

This chapter examines state formation, social change, and the division of power in the Scandinavian kingdoms, focusing in particular on the degree of bureaucratization in general and the extent to which it increased the power of the central government. It first considers social stratification in the High Middle Ages before discussing sources of royal and ecclesiastical revenues such as taxes, fines, and tolls, as well as the income of the Church. It also looks at major changes in the character and importance of Scandinavian trade and how the growth in trade increased town populations and led to the foundation of new towns. Finally, it explains how the division of power in contemporary society—at least at the central level—becomes a question of the relationship between the monarchy, the Church, and the secular aristocracy.

scholarly journals FORMALISING ARISTOCRATIC POWER IN ROYALACTAIN LATE TWELFTH- AND EARLY THIRTEENTH-CENTURY FRANCE AND SCOTLAND

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 33-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
State Formation ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Areas ◽  
Causal Force ◽  
Zero Sum ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Central Level

ABSTRACTOur understanding of the development of secular institutional governments in Europe during the central Middle Ages has long been shaped by an implicit or explicit opposition between royal and lay aristocratic power. That is to say, the growth of public, institutional and/or bureaucratic central authorities involved the decline and/or exclusion of noble aristocratic power, which thus necessarily operated in a zero-sum game. While much research has shown that this conflict-driven narrative is problematic, it remains in our understanding as a rather shadowy but still powerful causal force of governmental development during this period. This paper compares the changing conceptualisation of the relationship between royal and aristocratic power in the French and Scottish kingdoms to demonstrate, first, how narratives built at the periphery of Europe have important contributions and challenges to make to those formed from the core areas of Europe and, second, that state formation did not involve a decline in aristocratic power. Instead, the evidence from royalactain both kingdoms shows that aristocratic power was formalised at a central level, and then built into the forms of government which were emerging in very different ways in both kingdoms in the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries. Set in broader perspective, this suggests that governmental development involved an intensification of existing structures of elite power, not a diminution.

History, Faith, Fortuna

Why History? ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 45-61
Author(s):  
Donald Bloxham
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
Church Fathers ◽  
Speculative Philosophy ◽  
Causal Explanations ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Way

Chronologically and conceptually, this chapter links classical antiquity to the middle ages. Most of its focus is on the second to sixth centuries, and especially the overlap of ‘late antiquity’ and the ‘patristic era’, or the era of the church fathers. It addresses historical thinking in Christianity in the context of Christianity’s relationship to Greco-Roman and Jewish influences. It is a story of intellectual novelty, and of imposition, but just as much it is a tale of syncretism. Of the rationales for History identified in the introduction, the two figuring largest in this chapter are History as Speculative Philosophy and History as Identity, the latter especially in its genealogical form. Along the way in the chapter, attention is devoted to the relationship between grand conceptualizations of the overall historical process and the study of human choice and agency. That discussion illustrates similarities as well as contrasts in the way causal explanations can operate in disparate sorts of historical account, whether or not divine or quasi-divine forces are involved. The point looking forward is that at certain levels secular and non-secular Histories need not conflict.

scholarly journals The Economy of the Temples of God in the Turmoil of Changing Russia

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Detelina Tocheva
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Moral Boundaries ◽  
Moral Valence ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

AbstractThe liberalisation of religious practice after the fall of the Soviet regime and the support by the Russian state to the Russian Orthodox Church have contributed to the enormous growth of the church economy. Controversies within and without the Church interrogate commercial and gifting practices. The relationship between the expansion of church commerce and the operation of moral boundaries, underlined by critical stances, has been determined by culture and history, with the post-Soviet transformation having played a key role in shaping popular notions of selflessness and profit-seeking. Moreover, as people participate in the church economy they mobilise perceptions of the differential moral valence of gift and commerce in order to communicate concerning the power of the Church, its controversial image, Russia’s social stratification, and to deploy ethics of equity and honesty.

Art, Prophecy, and Drama in the Choir of Salisbury Cathedral

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-190
Author(s):  
Matthew Reeve
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Liturgical Drama ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Middle Ages ◽  
Christian History

AbstractThe former painted cycle over the vaults of Salisbury Cathedral represents one of the great losses of thirteenth-century English art. This paper focuses on the imagery over the three-bay choir, which features twentyfour Old Testament kings and prophets each holding scrolls with texts prefiguring the Coming of Christ. The content of the cycle derives from a sermon, well known in the Middle Ages, by Pseudo-Augustine: Contra Judaeos, Paganos et Arianos. Yet the most immediate sources lie in twelfth and thirteenth-century extrapolations of the Pseudo-Augustinian sermon in liturgical drama, the so-called Ordo Prophetarum, or prophet plays. This observation leads to a discussion of the relationship of imagery to its liturgical setting. It is argued that the images on the choir vaults were also to be understood allegorically as types of the cathedral canons, who originally sat in the choir stalls below. A reading of the choir as a place of prophecy is located within traditions of liturgical commentary, which allegorize processions through churches as processions through Christian history. This leads to a discussion of the allegorization of the church interior in the Gothic period.

The Church and the Two Nations in Late Medieval Armagh (Presidential Address)

1989 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 37-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Watt
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
English Law ◽  
Satisfactory Answer ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Medieval Ireland ◽  
The Church

Perhaps I can best introduce my paper, explain its nature and state my objective in writing it, by describing it as another step towards completing the second part of a study of which my book The Church and the Two Nations in Medieval Ireland was the first part.’ The study which concluded with the Statute of Kilkenny of 1366 needs extending chronologically by at least a century. More importantly, the nature of the analysis itself needs to be deepened. The ‘Two Nations’ book began with asking a fairly simple and limited question: what was the relationship of the ecclesiastical and civil powers within the English-settled parts of Ireland—in short, English law and the Irish Church. But it ended raising a more complex and more fundamental question about the overall effects on the Church of the establishment in Ireland of an English colony which was not coterminous with the country as a whole and whose strength and influence declined in the later middle ages. There may have been a more or less satisfactory answer in the book to the restricted question. There was, at best, no more than a tentative beginning to an answer to the more fundamental one.

Kingship, Social Change, and the Church, 867–1066

2018 ◽  
pp. 187-223
Author(s):  
Thomas Pickles
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
The West ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church ◽  
Christian Society

Chapter 5 considers the relationship between kingship, social change, and the church during Scandinavian and West Saxon conquest, and incorporation into the English kingdom. It uses contemporary annals preserved in later contexts, tenth- and eleventh-century histories, coins, settlement and cemetery archaeology, and distributions of metalwork to reconstruct social and political frameworks and investigate religious patronage. It begins by establishing the outlines of Scandinavian conquest and rule 867–954. It proceeds to suggest that a Northumbrian people and kingdom continued to exist, and that political actors sought to rule the Northumbrians as a whole. It observes the instabilities faced by Scandinavian rulers thanks to their own followers, indigenous Christian society, migrants, and social change, arguing that this made alliance with the church an attractive prospect. It analyses the West Saxon conquest and the instabilities it produced for English kings and their representatives, prompting further alliance with the church.

Tradition and change

1994 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Lohof
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
The Relationship

This article is based on the results of a project on social change in the Early and Middle Bronze Age in the north-eastern Netherlands, which ended in 1991. Although the project originally focused on the possible development of social stratification, here, the emphasis will be on the relationship between burial ritual and social change in general. Before embarking on the main argument, it should be understood that the link between burial ritual and social change by no means implies the view that burial ritual reflects all social changes which take place within a society, nor that the changes observed in the burial ritual are essential to an understanding of the society concerned. The burial ritual offers us no more than an opportunity to study past social changes. The resulting interpretations should be supported and tested by other expressions of material culture, such as those concerning economy and settlement patterns.

scholarly journals Ustawodawstwo szkolne soborów od XII do pierwszej połowy XIV w. i początki jego recepcji w średniowiecznej Polsce - zarys problemu

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-19
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Ratajczak
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Educational Needs ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Legislative Activity ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Middle Ages

The aim of the paper is an analysis of a broadly understood legislation of general councils which took place in an important period for the development of the then educational system and culture - at the height of the Middle Ages (12th-13th c.). While analysing the written records of synodal and council acts, several interesting aspects can be considered: the regulations related to the education of clergy (the diocesan ones, as the same issues concerning monastic orders were regulated by the inner legislation of general chapters), the organization of schools and teaching programmes, the records telling about the moralizing influence on the community of the faithful, and finally, the attitude of the Church toward the question of general access to education, including the functioning of universities. The presented study demonstrates a significant role of ecclesiastical school legislation for the development of the educational system in mediaeval Poland. Also, it can be noticed that all changes in this matter were the result of legislative activity of the Church but also responded to the educational needs of the contemporary society. The latter, in turn, stemmed from a general civilizational development of Latin Europe, the part of which were the lands being under the rule of the Piast dynasty.

scholarly journals The Relationship Of Social Change Post Suramadu Bridge Infrastructure Development With Living Standard of Rural Community

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Sulaisiyah Sulaisiyah ◽  
Fredian Tonny Nasdian ◽  
Zessy Ardinal Barlan
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTDevelopment is a planned process that can inflict to social change. There is in Madura Island Development are Suramadu (Surabaya-Madura) which would mark a change on both sides of the region, especially on the island of Madura which be one of development target. The purpose of this research is to analysis the relationship of social change post development with rural communities living standard. This research will use a quantitative approach with survey method and supported by qualitative data at West Sukolilo village, Labang Sub-district, Bangkalan District, East Java. Respondents consist of 46 from fishermans, farmers, non fishermans and non farmers. The respondent selected by stratified random sampling method. The result of this study indicate that there is a significant relationship between social stratification as part of social change with living standard of rural community.Key Words : Infrastructure Development, Social Change, Standard of Living, Rural Community------------------ABSTRAKPembangunan merupakan suatu proses terencana yang dapat menimbulkan perubahan-perubahan sosial. Khususnya di Pulau Madura terdapat Pembangunan Jembatan Suramadu (Surabaya-Madura) yang akan menjadi tonggak perubahan pada kedua sisi daerah khususnya di Pulau Madura yang menjadi target pembangunan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan perubahan sosial yang terjadi akibat pembangunan dengan taraf hidup masyarakat pedesaan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dengan metode survei yang didukung dengan data kualitatif di Desa Sukolilo Barat, Kecamatan Labang, Kabupaten Bangkalan, Provinsi Jawa Timur. Jumlah responden 46 orang yang terdiri dari nelayan, petani, non petani dan non nelayan. Pemilahan responden melalui metode pengambilan acak stratifikasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara strata sosial sebagai bagian dari perubahan sosial dengan taraf hidup masyarakat pedesaan.Kata Kunci : Pembangunan Infrastruktur, Perubahan Sosial, Taraf Hidup, Masyarakat Pedesaan

The church in the West Highlands in the late middle ages

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-46
Author(s):  
A. D. M. Barrell
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
The West ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
The Church
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document