scholarly journals Assessment of Imaging Performance and Accuracy for the Diagnostic Evaluation of Wilms Tumor in Kids in the ERA of Contrast Based CT Scan with Histopathological Correlation: A Study in Tertiary Care Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 668-673
Author(s):  
Ashraf Amirali ◽  
Jaideep Darira ◽  
Hina Pathan ◽  
Sorath Murtaza ◽  
Munaza Irshad
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Wilms Tumor ◽  
Diagnostic Evaluation ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Enhanced Computed Tomography ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography

The aim of the study is the assessment of accuracy for the diagnostic evaluation of Wilms tumor in the pediatric population in the era of contrast-enhanced CT scan using histopathology as a gold standard. Plain and contrast-enhanced abdominal Computed Tomography including pelvis and chest was performed in suspected patients with multiple axial sections with sagittal and coronal reconstructions. Patients were being followed, data was collected and recorded on proforma after histopathology. The patient's mean age for this study in years was 3.5 ± 1.2. Gender distribution showed 170 patients (54.6%) were male while the remaining 141 patients (45.33%) were female. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed sensitivity (90.36%), specificity (51.72%), diagnostic accuracy (72.34%), positive predictive value (68.18%), and negative predictive value (82.42%) confirmed on Histopathology as the gold standard. It is concluded from the results of this study that contrast-enhanced computed tomography proved high diagnostic accuracy positive predictive in the detection of Wilms’ tumor by taking histopathology as the gold standard.

scholarly journals The Effect of Contrast-enhanced Computed Tomography (CT) Scans on the Calculated Dose of Radiotherapy in a Thorax Phantom

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Athar Ehtiati ◽  
Payman Hejazi ◽  
Mohsen Bakhshandeh ◽  
Ali Jabbary Arfaee ◽  
Eftekhar Rajab Bolookat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Tumor Volume ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Enhanced Ct ◽  
Enhanced Computed Tomography ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography

Background: Despite the benefits of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scans in better tumor volume delineation, it can affect the accuracy of dose calculation in radiation therapy. This study examined this effect on a thorax phantom. Objectives: The influence of different variables including the concentrations of the Visipaque contrast media, tumor sizes, and CT scan energies on the dose measurement was examined. Methods: Transparent cylinders containing the contrast media were inserted in the lung area of the phantom and the CT scans were made. Non-enhanced CT scans were also acquired. Treatment planning using 2 opposite fields was performed on the CT scans and the doses were calculated in the treatment planning system. The results of the 2 sets of enhanced and non-enhanced CT scans were compared. Results: The correlation between concentration and the percentage of mean dose of the tumor volume was significant in 2 of the tumor sizes. The differences in the mean doses of the 2 plans were examined and more than 3% increase was observed in higher concentrations of the contrast media. Conclusions: According to this study, the suitable concentration of the contrast media administered and the CT scan energy should be considered. This would help to decrease the discrepancies between the calculated and delivered dose in radiotherapy treatments to a clinically acceptable level. The importance of time delays for CT scans after administration of the contrast media is emphasized.

scholarly journals Predicting Neck Abscess with Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melisa Lim Seer Yee ◽  
Noraini Abdul Rahim ◽  
Ning Ajleaa Ngah ◽  
Yang Faridah Abdul Aziz ◽  
Sethu Subha
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Local Population ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Neck Abscess ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Enhanced Computed Tomography ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography

Neck abscesses are difficult to diagnose and treat. Currently, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) is the imaging modality of choice. The study aims to determine the predictive value of CECT findings in diagnosing neck abscess, causes of neck abscess and the most common neck space involved in the local population. 84 consecutive patients clinically suspected to have neck abscess who underwent CECT and surgical confirmation of pus were included. Demographic and clinical data were recorded. 75 patients were diagnosed as having neck abscess on CECT; out of those 71 patients were found to have pus. Overall CECT findings were found to have a high sensitivity (98.6%) and positive predictive value (PPV) (94.7%) but lower specificity (67.2%) in diagnosing neck abscess. The CECT diagnostic criterion with the highest PPV is the presence of rim irregularity (96%). The most common deep neck space involved is the submandibular compartment, which correlates with the finding that odontogenic cause was the most common identifiable cause of abscess in the study population. Thus, in a patient clinically suspected of having neck abscess, CECT findings of a hypodense mass with rim irregularity are helpful in confirming the diagnosis and guiding clinical management.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of hepatic steatosis by contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo da Fonseca Monjardim ◽  
Danilo Manuel Cerqueira Costa ◽  
Ricardo Francisco Tavares Romano ◽  
Priscila Silveira Salvadori ◽  
Jaime de Vargas Conde dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Abdominal Computed Tomography ◽  
Portal Phase ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Enhanced Computed Tomography ◽  
Simplified Calculation ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic capacity of abdominal computed tomography in the assessment of hepatic steatosis using the portal phase with a simplified calculation method as compared with the non-contrast-enhanced phase. Materials and Methods In the present study, 150 patients were retrospectively evaluated by means of non-contrast-enhanced and contrast-enhanced computed tomography. One hundred patients had hepatic steatosis and 50 were control subjects. For the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis in the portal phase, the authors considered a result of < 104 HU calculated by the formula [L - 0.3 × (0.75 × P + 0.25 × A)] / 0.7, where L, P and A represent the attenuation of the liver, of the main portal vein and abdominal aorta, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated, using non-contrast-enhanced computed tomography as the reference standard. Results The simplified calculation method with portal phase for the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis showed 100% sensitivity, 36% specificity, negative predictive value of 100% and positive predictive value of 75.8%. The rate of false positive results was 64%. False negative results were not observed. Conclusion The portal phase presents an excellent sensitivity in the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis, as compared with the non-contrast-enhanced phase of abdominal computed tomography. However, the method has low specificity.

scholarly journals Retrospective Study of Diagnostic Accuracy of Computed Tomography-Based Staging of Wilms’ Tumor in the Era of Multidetector Computed Tomography

2019 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 033-038
Author(s):  
Garima Pathak ◽  
Seema Kembhavi ◽  
Palak Popat ◽  
Sajid Qureshi ◽  
Mukta Ramadwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Multidetector Computed Tomography ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Interobserver Agreement ◽  
Wilms Tumor ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Retrospective Audit

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT)–based staging of Wilms’ tumor (WT) in comparison with surgical-pathological staging (reference standard) and to assess the interobserver agreement in predicting CT stage for WT. Method Retrospective audit of 50 consecutive cases of WT meeting our eligibility criteria was performed, and an electronic database of CT scan findings, intraoperative findings, and final histopathology staging were created. Two radiologists blinded to surgical and histologic findings reviewed the CT scans, using multiplanar reformations to assess various parameters pertaining to tumor extent and assign a possible stage, which was then compared with the final surgical-pathological stage. Interobserver agreement was assessed using κ-coefficient. Results CT scan correctly staged 31 (62%) of 50 WT cases (both observers’ consensus data, all stages combined). CT accuracy was 37.5% in stage I disease, 66% in stage II disease, and 75% in stage III. There was substantial interobserver agreement (in 80% of the cases) in assigning the stage. Subset analysis showed a 100% positive predictive value (PPV) in detecting renal vein thrombosis. The negative predictive value (NPV) for ureteric involvement was 91 to 93%, and that for retroperitoneal adenopathy, it was 93 to 97%. Conclusion The accuracy of CT in staging WT is dependent on the disease stage. While it overestimates the extent of the disease in early stage, it predicts the advanced stage with very good accuracy and can be used to avoid upfront surgeries in locally advanced WT.

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